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Olfactory dysfunction and limbic volumetric changes in relapsing-remitting and secondary progressive multiple sclerosis.

OBJECTIVE: To compare olfactory performance and olfactory-related brain region volumes between patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) and secondary progressive multiple sclerosis (SPMS) and to examine the relationship between olfactory performance and regional brain volumes. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This prospective cross-sectional study included 65 patients with MS (43 RRMS and 22 SPMS). Olfactory function was assessed using the Sniffin' Sticks-12 Odor Identification Test. Bilateral volumes of the hippocampus, amygdala, entorhinal cortex, and insular cortex were obtained f…

Infection Risk During Rituximab Therapy in Multiple Sclerosis: Effect of Dosing Interval and Age.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Rituximab is the most frequently used disease-modifying therapy in multiple sclerosis (MS) in Norway. Extended dosing intervals beyond 6 months may offer the same efficacy, but the impact on infection risk is unclear. We examined how dosing frequency and age affect infection risk in rituximab-treated patients with MS. METHODS: We conducted a nation-wide observational study linking compulsory Norwegian health registries with the Norwegian MS registry. Registry data captured hospital-treated infections and further infections requiring prescription treatment and/or phy…

Сложные связи между человеком и бактериями: связи между множественным склерозом и микробиомом человека.

Множественный склероз (MS) — хроническое иммунопосредованное заболевание центральной нервной системы, патогенез которого связан со сложным взаимодействием между генетической предрасположенностью, экологическими факторами и дисрегуляцией иммунной реакции. Этот обзор критически обобщает имеющиеся данные исследований, демонстрирующих значительные изменения в составе микробиома человека у отдельных лиц с MS. В ходе этой работы обобщается нынешнее состояние знаний о составе, разнообразии и дисбиозе кишечного микробиома в MS, при этом подчеркивается неоднородность наблюдаемых микробных изменений в з

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic immune-mediated disease of the central nervous system, the pathogenesis of which involves complex interactions between genetic predisposition, environmental factors, and dysregulation of immune responses. This review critically synthesizes available evidence from studies demonstrating significant alterations in the compos…

Клиническое воздействие Fingolimod-Associated Lymphopendia в многоразовом склерозе: исследование реального мирового культа.

Предыстория и цели: финолимод, a sphingosine-1-phosphate Рецепторный модулятор представляет собой эффективную, корректирующую заболевания терапию для восстановления форм множественного склероза (MS). Хотя лимфакопания является общепризнанным фармакологическим эффектом, ее клиническое значение остается неопределенным. В этом исследовании была дана оценка частотности и серьезности связанной с фенолимодом лимфопенсии, продольных гематологических изменений и их связи с клиническими результатами в реальной когорте MS. Материалы и методы: Это ретроспективное исследование 143 взрослые с РС, которые н

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Background and Objectives: Fingolimod, a sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor modulator, is an effective disease-modifying therapy for relapsing forms of multiple sclerosis (MS). Although lymphopenia is a well-recognized pharmacological effect, its clinical significance remains uncertain. This study evaluated the frequency and severity of fingolimod-associated l…

Workplace difficulties and coping strategies in multiple sclerosis: insights from a Non-Western population.

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic neurologic disease that primarily affects adults of working age. Symptoms related to the disease can lead to unemployment and challenges in the workplace. This study aims to review the challenges related to work life in actively working adult patients with MS, and investigate the relationship of these challenges with disease-related factors such as cognitive, emotional, and physical disability, as well as the coping strategies employed. METHODS: One hundred fifty patients with a definitive diagnosis of relapsing-remitting multi…

Retrospective review of lymphocyte changes when switching between fumarates in patients with multiple sclerosis.

BACKGROUND: When treating multiple sclerosis, lymphopenia is an established side effect of fumaric acids. Research demonstrating the impact of switching fumarates on lymphocyte counts is scarce. The objective of this study is to characterize the incidence and severity of lymphopenia in patients transitioning from dimethyl fumarate (DMF) to monomethyl fumarate (MMF) or diroximel fumarate (DRF). METHODS: A single center, retrospective review of adult medical records at the Vanderbilt Multiple Sclerosis Clinic who filled prescriptions for DMF then either DRF or MMF between January 1st, 2019 and …

Comorbidities in newly diagnosed multiple sclerosis patients: A population-based register study in Finland.

BACKGROUND: Comorbidities are common among people with multiple sclerosis (pwMS) and have been suggested to affect the usage of disease-modifying treatments (DMTs). OBJECTIVES: We investigated the prevalence and types of comorbidities in newly diagnosed pwMS, as well as the associations between comorbidities and the choice and persistence of the initial DMT. METHODS: This retrospective register study used data from the Finnish MS register (85% of national coverage). The inclusion criteria were a diagnosis of relapsing-remitting MS between 2010 and 2022, the first DMT started between 2016 and…

Long-term prognostic features of pediatric-onset multiple sclerosis: A large cohort from Türkiye.

INTRODUCTION: This study aimed to characterize demographic features, clinical presentations, and long-term outcomes of pediatric-onset multiple sclerosis (POMS) patients in a Turkish tertiary MS center. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed 143 patients diagnosed with multiple sclerosis (MS) before age 16, based on the 2017 McDonald criteria, and clinically monitored between 1981 and 2018. Demographic and clinical data, including age at onset, initial symptoms, relapse history, and Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) scores, were collected. Disability milestones (EDSS 4 and 6) and conversi…

Pain outcomes in persons with multiple sclerosis receiving S1PR modulators: a cross-sectional study.

BACKGROUND: The impact of disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) on chronic pain in multiple sclerosis (MS) is poorly understood. Preclinical research suggests that modulation of sphingosine-1-phosphate pathways involved in inflammation and central sensitization could exert analgesic effects alongside MS relapse prevention, but more clinical data are needed. OBJECTIVE: To compare pain phenotypes, severity, and treatment regimens in persons living with MS using sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor (S1PR) modulators versus other DMTs. METHODS: We conducted a secondary analysis of cross-sectional data …

Correlates of long-term clinical outcomes in pediatric multiple sclerosis: A 12-year study.

BACKGROUND: Identifying long-term outcome substrates in pediatric multiple sclerosis (Ped-MS) can inform treatment selection. We investigated clinical/magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) correlates over a median 12.3-year follow-up. METHODS: Fifty-two Ped-MS patients and 23 healthy controls underwent baseline 3.0 T MRI. Neurological evaluations were performed every 6 months. MRI metrics included regional lesion burden, brain and choroid plexus (CP) volumes, diffusion tensor-derived fractional anisotropy (FA), averaged in normal-appearing white matter (NAWM). Multivariable Cox, Andersen-Gill, lin…

Association between Early-Life Self-Medication and Multiple Sclerosis Risk: A Case-Control Study.

INTRODUCTION: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune disease of the central nervous system, influenced by both genetic and environmental factors. Among the environmental factors, early childhood self-medication may be relevant in MS development. This study aimed to evaluate the association between MS risk and self-medication practices before the age of 15. METHODS: Under a case-control approach, 260 demographically matched healthy controls from the Azeri community and 469 MS patients completed a comprehensive questionnaire on childhood self-medication history. Regarding the kind and …

Pivotal role of interleukin 27 serum level and missense variant (rs181206) in multiple sclerosis.

UNLABELLED: The incidence of multiple sclerosis (MS) has increased in recent years. Its pathogenesis involves the interaction between various elements, with interleukin 27 (IL-27) playing a key role in autoimmunity. The presence of the IL-27 receptor on astrocytes emphasizes its involvement in the disease's progression. PURPOSE: The study aims to investigate possible associations between IL27 rs181206, serum level of IL27, and the development of MS. METHODS: The study comprised 70 MS patients and 70 seemingly healthy controls. They were genotyped for IL27 rs181206 using the Taqman allelic di…

B-cell abundance in perivascular cuffs associates with local lesion activity in multiple sclerosis.

Perivascular aggregations of leukocytes, referred to as perivascular cuffs, are a pathological phenomenon in progressive multiple sclerosis (MS). Perivascular cuffing is an exaggerated form of compartmentalized inflammation present in progressive disease. By studying traits of perivascular cuffs, this study aims to elucidate processes within the perivascular niche of the MS brain. We characterized n = 255 MS donors from the Netherlands Brain Bank for the presence of perivascular cuffs and investigated their association with clinical and pathological donor characteristics. Furthermore, we exami…

Remyelination and its association with increased oxygen extraction fraction in acute multiple sclerosis lesions.

The study investigates the relationship between longitudinal changes in oxygen extraction fraction (OEF) and remyelination in acute multiple sclerosis (MS) lesions. Twenty-two MS patients with 68 new gadolinium-enhancing lesions underwent MRI scans at baseline, 3 months, and 12 months. OEF was quantified using QQ, an integrative model combining quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) and quantitative blood oxygen level-dependent (qBOLD), while myelin content was measured by myelin water fraction using FAST-T2 imaging. A linear mixed-effect model assessed longitudinal changes in OEF and MWF a…

Environmental influences on community participation among people with multiple sclerosis: A mixed methods study.

OBJECTIVE: To examine the influence of environmental factors (EFs) and personal factors (PFs) on community participation among people with multiple sclerosis (PwMS) and identify areas for improvement. METHODS: A mixed methods explanatory sequential design was used. A secondary data analysis of patient-reported outcomes and Global Positioning System (GPS) data was completed using multiple linear regression analysis to examine associations between five EFs, five PFs, and six community participation outcomes in 100 PwMS. Four focus groups were completed with 12 PwMS who use mobility aids and 12 …

Deep learning-based diagnostic classification of multiple sclerosis using multicenter optical coherence tomography data.

BACKGROUND: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the central nervous system, where timely and accurate diagnosis is essential for effective management. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) enables non-invasive evaluation of retinal changes that may serve as biomarkers for MS. Unlike other ophthalmologic diseases, raw cross-sectional OCT images in MS show subtle alterations often indistinguishable from healthy controls (HCs). Consequently, retinal layer thickness and boundary-derived surface features offer greater discriminatory power. METHODS: We investigated three cate…

Temporally Defined Brain Network Activation Associated With Slowed Information Processing Speed in Multiple Sclerosis.

Information processing speed (IPS) is a core cognitive deficit in people with multiple sclerosis (PwMS). Previous efforts have associated IPS performance to frontal regions, but were constrained by limited temporal resolution. In this work, we employed a data-driven method, the time delay embedded-hidden Markov model (TDE-HMM), to identify task-specific states that are spectrally defined with distinct temporal and spatial profiles. We used magnetoencephalographic (MEG) data recorded while healthy controls and PwMS performed a cognitive task designed to capture IPS, the Symbol Digit Modalities …

Vedolizumab и ось кишечника-CNS в множестве склерозов: рассмотрение путей лицензирования клеток Т.

СПРАВОЧНАЯ ИНФОРМАЦИЯ: Роль лицензирования Т-клеток с помощью кишечника в многократном склерозе (МС) по-прежнему не до конца изучена. ЦЕЛЬ: Мы гипотезуем, что лицензирование Т клеток в кишечнике способствует патогенезу MS, и оцениваем, является ли ведолизумаб-ан антиα4β7 integrin, моноклональная антитела с кишечными кишечниками (IBD) по кишечному кишечнику (IDB) ассоциируется с распространенностью MS. DESIGN: Ретроспективное исследование наблюдений. С помощью Epic Cosmos, крупной деидентифицированной электронной платформы медицинских записей США, мы идентифицировали людей с болезнью Крона (CD)

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
BACKGROUND: The role of gut-mediated T cell licensing in multiple sclerosis (MS) remains incompletely understood. OBJECTIVE: We hypothesized that T cell licensing in the gut contributes to MS pathogenesis and evaluated whether vedolizumab-an anti-α4β7 integrin, gut-selective monoclonal antibody approved for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)-is associated wit…

EBV reprograms autoreactive anti-CNS B cells as antigen presenting cells in multiple sclerosis.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune disease targeting the central nervous system (CNS). MS develops almost exclusively in individuals previously infected with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)1, yet the mechanisms linking EBV infection to MS pathogenesis remain incompletely defined. Here we characterized EBV-infected B cells in MS and demonstrated that EBV directly infects autoreactive anti-CNS antigen B cells and reprograms them into pro-inflammatory antigen-presenting cells (APCs). EBV+ B cells in MS were enriched within the CD27+CD21low memory B-cell subset and exhibited upregulated B ce…

Childhood adversity, allostatic load and epigenetic signatures in paediatric and adult-onset multiple sclerosis.

Childhood adversity is increasingly recognized as a critical modifier of neurologic disorder development and disease severity, including in the neuroimmune disorder multiple sclerosis (MS). While previous studies have linked early-life adversity to increased MS susceptibility and more severe disease, the underlying biological mechanisms remain poorly understood. This study investigated associations between childhood adversity and MS clinical features, with a focus on two potential pathogenic mechanisms: allostatic load and epigenetic modifications. We evaluated 60 consecutively enrolled young …