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Future Options of Molecular-Targeted Therapy in Small Cell Lung Cancer.

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. With a focus on histology, there are two major subtypes: Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) (the more frequent subtype), and small cell lung cancer (SCLC) (the more aggressive one). Even though SCLC, in general, is a chemosensitive malignancy, relapses following induction therapy are frequent. The standard of care treatment of SCLC consists of platinum-based chemotherapy in combination with etoposide that is subsequently enhanced by PD-L1-inhibiting atezolizumab in the extensive-stage disease, as the addition of immune-checkp

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… Still, few data exist on Gli1-downregulation and cancer stem-like cell killing via arsenic trioxide, possibly revealing another hedgehog-targeted anti-tumor therapy [ 160 ]. 2.2.7. … A single in vitro study by Chang et al. evaluated the effects of arsenic trioxide on NSCLC and SCLC cell lines and detected a significant downregulation of hedgehog-signaling key-player, Gli1. …

Changes in physical fitness in acute leukemia patients during chemotherapy.

This study aimed to investigate the changes in physical fitness and patient-reported outcomes as well as the correlation between these two factors in adult patients with newly diagnosed acute leukemia during chemotherapy. This was a longitudinal observational study. Patients were recruited from a tertiary hospital in China with a follow-up period of less than 90 days. Physical fitness was assessed using body mass index (BMI), mean skinfold thickness, waist-to-hip ratio, spirometry, mean grip strength, and flexibility at T1 (before chemotherapy), T2 (7-14 days after initial chemotherapy), and T

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… ATRA + ATO: all-trans retinoic acid + arsenic trioxide. AZA/D + GHA:5-azacytidine/decitabine + granulocyte colony factor + hypertriglyceride + arsenic. Table 1 Comparison of basic information between the inclusion group and the lost-to-follow-up group. … ATRA + ATO: all-trans retinoic acid + arsenic trioxide. AZA/D + GHA:5-azacytidine/decitabine + granulocyte colony factor + hypertriglyceride + arsenic. …

Novel Investigations of Flavonoids as Chemopreventive Agents for Hepatocellular Carcinoma.

We would like to highlight the application of natural products to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We will focus on the natural products known as flavonoids, which target this disease at different stages of hepatocarcinogenesis. In spite of the use of chemotherapy and radiotherapy in treating HCC, patients with HCC still face poor prognosis because of the nature of multidrug resistance and toxicity derived from chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Flavonoids can be found in many vegetables, fruits, and herbal medicines that exert their different anticancer effects via different intracellular signalin

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… Genistein has also been demonstrated to increase the production of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and has been found to exert a synergistic effect with arsenic trioxide (ATO) via the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway [ 101 ]. … Genistein synergizes with arsenic trioxide to suppress human hepatocellular carcinoma Cancer Science 2010 101 4 975 983 10.1111/j.1349-7006.2009.01464.x 2-s2.0-77957273073 20219070 PMC11159316 102 Chen C.-H. Huang T.-S. Wong C.-H. …

Parthenolide: pioneering new frontiers in hematological malignancies.

Hematological malignancies are the fifth most prevalent cancer category in developed countries, presenting significant treatment challenges. The side effects of chemotherapy and its non-selective nature have led researchers to explore combination therapies to enhance efficacy and improve patient outcomes. Parthenolide (PTL) emerges as a promising candidate, being the first small molecule identified for its selective action against leukemic stem cells. This article provides an overview of PTL's effects and its potential as a complementary treatment for hematological malignancies. A systematic s

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… PTL notably enhanced the toxicity of arsenic trioxide (ATO) in treating MT2 cell line as T-ALL. Furthermore, molecular analysis indicated significant downregulation of CD44, NF-κB (REL-A), BMI-1, and C-MYC when PTL was combined with ATO ( Kouhpaikar et al., 2020 ). … Synergy between parthenolide and arsenic trioxide in adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma cells in vitro . Iran. J. Basic Med. Sci. 23 ( 5 ), 616 – 622 . 10.22038/ijbms.2020.40650.9610 32742599 PMC7374994 Kwok B. H. Koh B. Ndubuisi M. I. Elofsson M. Crews C. M. ( 2001a ). …

Utilization of redox modulating small molecules that selectively act as pro-oxidants in cancer cells to open a therapeutic window for improving cancer therapy.

There is a rapidly growing body of literature supporting the notion that differential oxidative metabolism in cancer versus normal cells represents a metabolic frailty that can be exploited to open a therapeutic window into cancer therapy. These cancer cell-specific metabolic frailties may be amenable to manipulation with non-toxic small molecule redox active compounds traditionally thought to be antioxidants. In this review we describe the potential mechanisms and clinical applicability in cancer therapy of four small molecule redox active agents: melatonin, vitamin E, selenium, and vitamin C

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… Cancer Type | Dosage | Combination of Drugs | Results | References Refractory Multiple Myeloma | 1 g ascorbate on days 1, 4, 8, and 11 of a 21-day cycle for a maximum of 8 cycles IV | Ascorbate, Bortezomib and Arsenic Trioxide | Objective responses were observed in 27% of patients (2 partial and 4 minor … ). | [ 219 ] Lymphoid Malignancies, Relapsed and Refractory | 1000 mg ascorbate for 5 days during week 1 followed by twice weekly during weeks 2–6 IV | Ascorbate, Arsenic Trioxide | Overall median survival was 7.6 months 6% complete and partial response | [ 220 ] Advanced Stage Non-small Cell Lung Cancer …

The promising role of antibody drug conjugate in cancer therapy: Combining targeting ability with cytotoxicity effectively.

IntroductionTraditional cancer therapy has many disadvantages such as low selectivity and high toxicity of chemotherapy, as well as insufficient efficacy of targeted therapy. To enhance the cytotoxic effect and targeting ability, while reducing the toxicity of antitumor drugs, an antibody drug conjugate (ADC) was developed to deliver small molecular cytotoxic payloads directly to tumor cells by binding to specific antibodies via linkers.MethodBy reviewing published literature and the current progress of ADCs, we aimed to summarize the basic characteristics, clinical progress, and challenges of

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… No survival benefits were observed, but higher mortality rates compared with that of chemotherapy were recorded. 104 Furthermore, a phase 2 study (SWOG0535 trial) showed the benefits and tolerances of GO, ATRA, and arsenic trioxide in newly diagnosed high‐risk acute promyelocytic leukemia patients (CR … A phase 2 study of ATRA, arsenic trioxide, and gemtuzumab ozogamicin in patients with high‐risk APL (SWOG 0535). Blood Adv. 2020;4(8):1683‐1689. 106. Connors JM, Jurczak W, Straus DJ, et al. Brentuximab vedotin with chemotherapy for stage III or IV Hodgkin's lymphoma. …

Availability, price and affordability of anticancer medicines in Jiangsu Province, China: a cross-sectional survey study.

BackgroundTo evaluate anticancer medicines' availability, price and affordability in nine prefecture-level cities, Jiangsu Province.MethodsBased on the standard methods recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) and the Health Action International (HAI), a cross-sectional survey was performed to collect information about 24 essential anticancer medicines (EAMs) and 17 innovative anticancer medicines (IAMs) in hospitals and 45 community pharmacies in Jiangsu Province from July to November 2021.ResultsIn general, the availability of EAMs during the study period was higher than that of IA

The versatile emodin: A natural easily acquired anthraquinone possesses promising anticancer properties against a variety of cancers.

Cancers are generally recognized as the leading cause of death and a predominant barrier to prolonging life expectancy in both developed and developing countries. Emodin is a typical anthraquinone derivative from various plants that exhibits a wide spectrum of biological activities, such as anticancer, antibacterial, hepatoprotective and anti-inflammatory activities. Much previous preclinical evidence has demonstrated that emodin exhibits reliable effects on several cancer types, including lung cancer, liver cancer, colon cancer, breast cancer, pancreatic cancer, leukemia, cervical cancer, and

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… Brown et al. found that a 100-fold reduction in the dose of Arsenic trioxide (As 2 O 3 ) in combination with emodin could be highly toxic to APL tumor cells 171 . … Abbreviations 14-3-3sigma aromatic hydrocarbons receptor acute promyelocytic leukemia androgen receptor anaplastic thyroid cancer ataxia telangiectasia mutated arsenic trioxide adenosine 5ʹ-triphosphate ataxia-telangiectasia and Rad3-related 3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine breast cancer breast …

Exploring the Cardiotoxicity Spectrum of Anti-Cancer Treatments: Definition, Classification, and Diagnostic Pathways.

Early detection and treatment of cancer have led to a noticeable reduction in both mortality and morbidity. However, chemotherapy and radiotherapy could exert cardiovascular (CV) side effects, impacting survival and quality of life, independent of the oncologic prognosis. In this regard, a high clinical index of suspicion is required by the multidisciplinary care team in order to trigger specific laboratory tests (namely natriuretic peptides and high-sensitivity cardiac troponin) and appropriate imaging techniques (transthoracic echocardiography along with cardiac magnetic resonance, cardiac c

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… QT prolongation (most frequently caused by arsenic trioxide) and ventricular arrhythmias are usually related to several chemotherapeutics (alkylating agents, amsacrine, antimetabolites, arsenic trioxide, doxorubicin, etc.) as well as radiotherapy should also be taken into account when treating cancer …

Antioxidant Food Supplementation in Cancer: Lessons from Clinical Trials and Insights from Preclinical Studies.

Food antioxidant supplementation has been widely proposed for cancer prevention and adjuvant therapy due to the pleiotropic role of antioxidants. Herein, particular attention is given to recent clinical trials based on the use of dietary supplements in cancer patients, both as monotherapy and in combination with standard treatments, exploring both their potential benefits and risks. This review focuses on the efficacy of the most important food antioxidants, highlighting how their action may change depending on different factors such as cancer type, dose, timing of administration and antioxida

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… trioxide) | Arsenic trioxide (0.25 mg/kg/day over 1–4 h, for 5 days a week for 5 weeks) | 10 (relapsed or refractory acute myeloid leukemia, excluding acute promyelocytic leukemia) | [ 49 ] Nonmelanoma skin cancer | - Capsule containing Vit C (500 mg), Vit E (400 IU), zinc (50 mg) every day for 60 days … Limited clinical efficacy was also reported in patients with acute myeloid leukemia treated with a combined therapy of vitamin C and arsenic trioxide ( Table 2 ) [ 49 ]. …

Ferroptosis: a new dawn in the treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia poses substantial challenges in therapeutic management. As a novel form of programmed cell death, ferroptosis has emerged as a promising research direction in cancer therapy. Studies have emphasized the pivotal role of ferroptosis in ALL, indicating that targeting this pathway could provide a novel therapeutic strategy. This article systematically reviews the molecular regulatory mechanisms of ferroptosis in ALL and explores its potential clinical applications in the treatment and prognostic evaluation of the disease.

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… Clinical research further supports the therapeutic advantages of As 4 S 4 , with evidence indicating superior efficacy and prognosis compared to arsenic trioxide (ATO), suggesting promising prospects for clinical application ( 52 ). …

Diverse antitumor effects of ascorbic acid on cancer cells and the tumor microenvironment.

Ascorbic acid has attracted substantial attention for its potential antitumor effects by acting as an antioxidant in vivo and as a cofactor in diverse enzymatic reactions. However, solid proof of its clinical efficacy against cancer and the mechanism behind its effect have not been established. Moreover, cancer forms cancer-specific microenvironments and interacts with various cells, such as cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), to maintain cancer growth and progression; however, the effect of ascorbic acid on the cancer microenvironment is unclear. This review discusses the effects and mechan

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… Arsenic trioxide plus vitamin c in treating patients with recurrent or refractory multiple myeloma . ( 2003 ) Available at: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00006021 [Accessed August 15, 2022 ] 121 Bahlis NJ McCafferty-Grad J Jordan-McMurry I Neil J Reis I Kharfan-Dabaja M . … Feasibility and correlates of arsenic trioxide combined with ascorbic acid-mediated depletion of intracellular glutathione for the treatment of relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma . Clin Cancer Res ( 2002 ) 8 : 3658–68 . 12473574 122 ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT00317811 . …

Changing Management of Hematological Malignancies With COVID-19: Statement and Recommendations of the Lebanese Society of Hematology and Blood Transfusion.

COVID-19 caused by SARS-Cov-2 is a devastating infection in patients with hematological malignancies. In 2018, the Lebanese Society of Hematology and Blood Transfusion (LSHBT) updated the guidelines for the management of hematological malignancies in Lebanon. In 2019, it was followed by a second update. Given the rapidly changing evidence and general situation for COVID-19, the LSHBT established some recommendations and suggestions for the management of the patients with hematological malignancies taking into account the Lebanese condition, economic situation, and the facts that SARS-Cov-2 inf

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… Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia All patients with low-risk APL should be treated when available with all transretinoic acid (ATRA) and arsenic trioxide (ATO) as per standard treatment. For high-risk patients, ATRA and ATO added to cytoreduction therapy should be given as per standard regimens. … Arsenic trioxide is required in the treatment of newly diagnosed acute promyelocytic leukemia. Analysis of a randomized trial (APL 2006) by the French Belgian Swiss APL group. Haematologica. (2018) 103:2033–9. 10.3324/haematol.2018.198614 20. …

Non-Curcuminoids from Turmeric and Their Potential in Cancer Therapy and Anticancer Drug Delivery Formulations.

Over the past decades curcuminoids have been extensively studied for their biological activities such as antiulcer, antifibrotic, antiviral, antibacterial, antiprotozoal, antimutagenic, antifertility, antidiabetic, anticoagulant, antivenom, antioxidant, antihypotensive, antihypocholesteremic, and anticancer activities. With the perception of limited toxicity and cost, these compounds forms an integral part of cancer research and is well established as a potential anticancer agent. However, only few studies have focused on the other bioactive molecules of turmeric, known as non-curcuminoids, wh

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… They also works in combination with other anticancer drugs, like tamoxifen, arsenic trioxide, gefitinib, etoposide, and cisplatin to give results that are more positive. … Another derivative of β-elemene, named N -(β-elemene-13-yl) tryptophan methyl ester (ETME), when combined with arsenic trioxide (ATO), synergistically enhances the antiproliferative activity and apoptosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). …

Network Pharmacology Approaches Used to Identify Therapeutic Molecules for Chronic Venous Disease Based on Potential miRNA Biomarkers.

Chronic venous disease (CVD) is a prevalent condition in adults, significantly affecting the global elderly population, with a higher incidence in women than in men. The modulation of gene expression through microRNA (miRNA) partly regulated the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Previous research identified a functional analysis of seven genes (CDS2, HDAC5, PPP6R2, PRRC2B, TBC1D22A, WNK1, and PABPC3) as targets of miRNAs related to CVD. In this context, miRNAs emerge as essential candidates for CVD diagnosis, representing novel molecular and biological knowledge. This work aims to i

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… An overview of arsenic trioxide-involved combined treatment algorithms for leukemia: Basic concepts and clinical implications Cell Death Discov. 2023 9 266 10.1038/s41420-023-01558-z 37500645 PMC10374529 72. Le V.K.H. Pham T.P.D. Truong D.H. … However, recent studies have focused on its potential as an anticancer agent [ 69 ]. | 35 Atorvastatin | A drug commonly used to lower cholesterol by inhibiting HMG-CoA reductase [ 70 ]. | 34 Arsenic trioxide | First-line treatment for acute promyelocytic leukemia is also effective for other types of …

Cardio-oncology: conflicting priorities of anticancer treatment and cardiovascular outcome.

BackgroundThis article about the emerging field of cardio-oncology highlights typical side effects of oncological therapies in the cardiovascular system, cardiovascular complications of malignancies itself, and potential preventive or therapeutic modalities.MethodsWe performed a selective literature search in PubMed until September 2016.ResultsCardiovascular events in cancer patients can be frequently attributed to oncological therapies or to the underlying malignancy itself. Furthermore, many patients with cancer have pre-existing cardiovascular diseases that can be aggravated by the malignan

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… Barbey JT Pezzullo JC Soignet SL Effect of arsenic trioxide on QT interval in patients with advanced malignancies J Clin Oncol 2003 21 19 3609 3615 10.1200/JCO.2003.10.009 14512391 84. … Westervelt P Brown RA Adkins DR Khoury H Curtin P Hurd D Luger SM Ma MK Ley TJ DiPersio JF Sudden death among patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia treated with arsenic trioxide Blood 2001 98 2 266 271 10.1182/blood.V98.2.266 11435292 85. …

Resveratrol and Its Role in the Management of B-Cell Malignancies-A Recent Update.

The growing incidence of B cell malignancies globally has prompted research on the pharmacological properties of phytoconstituents in cancer management. Resveratrol, a polyphenolic stilbenoid widely found in nature, has been explored for its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, and promising results from different pre-clinical studies have indicated its potential for management of B cell malignancies. However, these claims must be substantiated by a greater number of clinical trials in diverse populations, in order to establish its safety and efficacy profile. In addition to this, the

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… Resveratrol administration, in conjunction with arsenic trioxide, has yielded benefits in neuroblastoma management, by regulating cellular viability and apoptosis, brought about by reduced levels of caspase-3 and caspase-9, as well as Bcl-2. … Novel Combination of Arsenic Trioxide (As 2 O 3) Plus Resveratrol in Inducing Programmed Cell Death of Human Neuroblastoma SK-N-SH Cells. Cancer Genom. Proteom. 2018;15:453–460. doi: 10.21873/cgp.20104. 32. Chai R., Fu H., Zheng Z., Liu T., Ji S., Li G. …

Icariin as a potential anticancer agent: a review of its biological effects on various cancers.

Numerous chemical compounds used in cancer treatment have been isolated from natural herbs to address the ever-increasing cancer incidence worldwide. Therein is icariin, which has been extensively studied for its therapeutic potential due to its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antidepressant, and aphrodisiac properties. However, there is a lack of comprehensive and detailed review of studies on icariin in cancer treatment. Given this, this study reviews and examines the relevant literature on the chemopreventive and therapeutic potentials of icariin in cancer treatment and describes its mechan

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… From the perspective of combination therapy, Li (2014) study suggests that icariin can enhance the anti-tumor activity of arsenic trioxide, which may be associated with the generation of intracellular ROS and the inhibition of NF-κB activity. … Arsenic trioxide and icariin show synergistic anti-leukemic activity . Cell. Biochem. Biophys. 73 ( 1 ), 213 – 219 . 10.1007/s12013-015-0660-2 25721870 Wang D. Xu W. Chen X. Han J. Yu L. Gao C. ( 2017 ). …

Cell Therapy Products in Menopausal Medicine.

The incidence of postmenopausal diseases increases with the age of women. In this review, we introduce cell therapy products, a new treatment for postmenopausal osteoporosis, which often occurs in postmenopausal women. We also figure out the trends of research on cell therapy products and emphasize the necessity and importance of this research for researchers and postmenopausal women. Finally, we suggest the direction for improvement of postmenopausal osteoporosis and research on cell therapy products. We investigated which medication have been used so far. We also examined the development and

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… A Phase I study of arsenic trioxide (Trisenox), ascorbic acid, and bortezomib (Velcade) combination therapy in patients with relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma. Cancer Invest. 2013;31:172–176. doi: 10.3109/07357907.2012.756109. 16. …

High-dose vitamin C: A promising anti-tumor agent, insight from mechanisms, clinical research, and challenges.

Vitamin C, also known as ascorbic acid, has sparked controversy since it first emerged as a potential anti-cancer agent. However, an increasing number of preclinical studies have demonstrated that high-dose vitamin C exhibits selective anti-tumor effects, including "pro-oxidative cytotoxicity", "anti-cancer epigenetic regulation", and "immune modulation". Consequently, vitamin C has reemerged as a promising anti-cancer therapy in the form of high-dose administration. Advancements in pharmacokinetic research have facilitated the development of clinical trials. Early clinical studies across vari

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… For instance, arsenic trioxide plays a critical role in acute promyelocytic leukemia treatment, and HDVC enhances tumor cell sensitivity to arsenic trioxide by inhibiting key enzymes in glycolysis while reducing its toxic side effects. 109 Furthermore, a combination of HDVC and auranofin demonstrated …