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Cushing's syndrome.

Cushing's syndrome remains one of the most challenging problems in clinical endocrinology. Cushing's disease is caused in the majority of cases by basophil pituitary microadenomas which may be successfully treated by trans-sphenoidal hypophysectomy. Treatment with metyrapone or o,p'-DDD can always induce a clinical remission but not a cure, and neurotransmitter therapy may be effective in a minority of cases. Pituitary irradiation cures about half of cases in the long-term and may be used for surgical failures. Tumours producing ectopic ACTH are frequently benign, small and occult and may prod

A randomized, double-blind, parallel-group study, comparing the efficacy and safety of rupatadine (20 and 10 mg), a new PAF and H1 receptor-specific histamine antagonist, to loratadine 10 mg in the treatment of seasonal allergic rhinitis.

BACKGROUND: The main objective of this randomized, double-blind, parallel-group, comparative study was to assess the efficacy and safety of rupatadine 10 mg (R10) and 20 mg (R20) administered once-daily for two weeks compared with those of loratadine 10 mg (L10) in the treatment of seasonal allergic rhinitis (SAR). METHODS: A total of 339 SAR patients were randomized to receive R20 (111 patients), R10 (112 patients) or L10 (116 patients). The main efficacy variable was the mean total daily symptom score (mTDSS) based on the daily subjective assessment of the severity of rhinitis symptoms--rhi

[Effect of opioid peptides on immunomodulation].

Activation of the opioid receptors by delta-agonist DSLET and by kappa-agonist rimorphin led to a significant inhibition of plaque-forming and rosette-forming cells in the CBA mice. On the other hand, mu-agonist DAGO stimulated the immune response on the 4th and 5th days after immunization with SRBC (5 x 10(8)). Lesion of the hypothalamo-hypophyseal connection prevented immuno-stimulating as well as immuno-depressive effects. The latter seems to be due to an interaction with the serotoninergic system, whereas immuno-stimulating effect involves the dopaminergic system.

Drugs for preventing migraine headaches in children.

BACKGROUND: It has been estimated that about ten per cent of children between six and 20 years of age suffer from migraine. It is estimated … , and domperidone showed no efficacy in reduction of frequency of attacks. The available studies on cyproheptadine, phenobarbitone, phenytoin, amitriptyline, carbamazepine, metoprolol, and piracetam were excluded for various reasons. REVIEWER'S CONCLUSIONS: Only one study each for propranolol and flunarizine were identified showing efficacy of these drugs as pr …

Cancer cachexia--pathophysiology and management.

About half of all cancer patients show a syndrome of cachexia, characterized by anorexia and loss of adipose tissue and skeletal muscle mass. Cachexia can have a profound impact on quality of life, symptom burden, and a patient's sense of dignity. It is a very serious complication, as weight loss during cancer treatment is associated with more chemotherapy-related side effects, fewer completed cycles of chemotherapy, and decreased survival rates. Numerous cytokines have been postulated to play a role in the etiology of cancer cachexia. Cytokines can elicit effects that mimic leptin signaling a

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… Cyproheptadine also appeared to stimulate appetite and decrease diarrhea in patients with advanced carcinoid tumors [ 113 ]. … Studies on the effects of cyproheptadine in progressive weight loss in patients with cancer or other causes of cachexia suggest that cyproheptadine has a beneficial effect on appetite stimulation but only slight effects on weight gain [ 110 , 114 , 115 ]. 5-hytroxytryptamine type 3 (5HT3) receptor antagonists …

Pruritus in Systemic Diseases: A Review of Etiological Factors and New Treatment Modalities.

Pruritus is the most frequently described symptom in dermatology and can significantly impair the patient's quality of life. In 10-50% of adults with persistent pruritus, it can be an important dermatologic clue for the presence of a significant underlying systemic disease such as renal insufficiency, cholestasis, hematologic disorder, or malignancy (Etter and Myers, 2002; Zirwas and Seraly, 2001). This review describes the presence of pruritus in different systemic diseases. It is quite important to discover the cause of pruritus for providing relief for the patients experiencing substantial

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… Cyproheptadine and pizotifen were effective in decreasing pruritus; they are also strong antagonists of serotonin and histamine [ 76 ]. Cytoreductive therapy with agents such as hydroxyurea and interferon alfa has been noted to be effective in the control of pruritus associated with PV [ 77 ]. 6. … The antidepressant 5-HT2A receptor antagonists pizotifen and cyproheptadine inhibit serotonin-enhanced platelet function PLoS ONE 2014 9 1 e87026 10.1371/journal.pone.0087026 2-s2.0-84899875224 PMC3900701 24466319 77 Silver R. T. …

Drug Repurposing for the Management of Depression: Where Do We Stand Currently?

A slow rate of new drug discovery and higher costs of new drug development attracted the attention of scientists and physicians for the repurposing and repositioning of old medications. Experimental studies and off-label use of drugs have helped drive data for further studies of approving these medications. A deeper understanding of the pathogenesis of depression encourages novel discoveries through drug repurposing and drug repositioning to treat depression. In addition to reducing neurotransmitters like epinephrine and serotonin, other mechanisms such as inflammation, insufficient blood supp

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… Euro-Cyproheptadine ® , PMS-Cyproheptadine ® [ 65 ] | Allergic conditions | Potent antihistamine and serotonin antagonist with anticholinergic effects competes with histamine H1 receptors/First, generation histamine H1 antagonist, a piperidine derivative | NA | Extrasystole, hypotension, palpitations … Cyproheptadine: Drug Information. [(accessed on 4 June 2021)]; Available online: https://uptodatefree.ir/topic.htm?path=cyproheptadine-drug-information . 66. Dextromethorphan: Drug Information. [(accessed on 4 June 2021)]; Available online: https://uptodatefree.ir/topic.htm? …

Targeting the P-selectin/PSGL-1 pathway: discovery of disease-modifying therapeutics for disorders of thromboinflammation.

P-selectin is a membrane glycoprotein and a member of the selectin family of cell adhesion molecules. It is prestored in α-granules of platelets and Weibel-Palade bodies of endothelial cells and is rapidly expressed on their surfaces upon activation during the course of an inflammatory response. Although a critical component of the innate immune system, the interaction of P-selectin with its cognate ligand, P-selectin glycoprotein ligand 1 (PSGL-1) may mediate maladaptive events central to the pathophysiology of venous thromboembolism, cardiovascular disease, stroke, metabolic syndrome, and si

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… The 5-hydroxytryptamine 2A serotonin receptor antagonists, cyproheptadine and pizotifen, inhibit the expression of P-selectin and delay thrombotic occlusion in mice, albeit with an observed increased risk of bleeding. 110 Famotidine, an H2 receptor blocker, has also been noted to reduce P-selectin expression … Capital Medical University, assignee Amino acid modified R, R-heptacyclic carboxylic acid, synthesis, activity and application thereof CN116789668 Chinese patent application 29 May 2023 110 Lin OA Karim ZA Vemana HP Espinosa EV Khasawneh FT The antidepressant 5-HT2A receptor antagonists pizotifen and cyproheptadine …

Ontology-based collection, representation and analysis of drug-associated neuropathy adverse events.

BackgroundNeuropathy often occurs following drug treatment such as chemotherapy. Severe instances of neuropathy can result in cessation of life-saving chemotherapy treatment.ResultsTo support data representation and analysis of drug-associated neuropathy adverse events (AEs), we developed the Ontology of Drug Neuropathy Adverse Events (ODNAE). ODNAE extends the Ontology of Adverse Events (OAE). Our combinatorial approach identified 215 US FDA-licensed small molecule drugs that induce signs and symptoms of various types of neuropathy. ODNAE imports related drugs from the Drug Ontology (DrON) wi

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… 7: Ziprasidone, Amiodarone, Amiodarone HCL, Propafenone, Betaxolol, Sotalol, Sotalol HCL dopamine agonists 4: Bromocriptine, Pergolide, Pramipexole, Ropinirole antagonists 2: Haloperidol, Ziprasidone serotonin agonists 4: Almotriptan, Eletriptan, Sumatriptan, Zolmitriptan antagonists 3: Alosetron, Cyproheptadine … Ziprasidone, Amiodarone, Amiodarone HCL, Propafenone, Betaxolol, Sotalol, Sotalol HCL dopamine | agonists | 4: Bromocriptine, Pergolide, Pramipexole, Ropinirole antagonists | 2: Haloperidol, Ziprasidone serotonin | agonists | 4: Almotriptan, Eletriptan, Sumatriptan, Zolmitriptan antagonists | 3: Alosetron, Cyproheptadine …

Computational Analysis of Pathogenetic Pathways in Alzheimer's Disease and Prediction of Potential Therapeutic Drugs.

BackgroundAlzheimer's disease (AD) is a chronic and progressive neurodegenerative disease which affects more than 50 million patients and represents 60-80% of all cases of dementia. Mutations in the APP gene, mostly affecting the γ-secretase site of cleavage and presenilin mutations, have been identified in inherited forms of AD.MethodsIn the present study, we performed a meta-analysis of the transcriptional signatures that characterize two familial AD mutations (APPV7171F and PSEN1M146V) in order to characterize the common altered biomolecular pathways affected by these mutations. Next, an an

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… The top five drugs in this category were: irinotecan, an anticancer chemotherapeutic; cyproheptadine, an antihistamine; teniposide, an anti-cancer drug; phenoxybenzamine, an alpha-receptor blocking agent used for the treatment of hypertension; and pitavastatin, an HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor ( Figure …

BEVA primary care clinical guidelines: Diagnosis and management of equine pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction.

BACKGROUND: Pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction (PPID) is a prevalent, age-related chronic disorder in equids. Diagnosis of PPID can be ch … centrations and there is no benefit to adding chasteberry to pergolide therapy; (iv) combination of cyproheptadine with pergolide is not superior to pergolide alone; (v) there is no evidence that pergolide has adverse cardiac effects in horses; (vi) Pergolide does not affect insulin sensitivity. (D) Monitoring pergolide-treated cases: (i) Hormone assays provide …

Novel Small Molecular Compound AE-848 Potently Induces Human Multiple Myeloma Cell Apoptosis by Modulating the NF-κB and PI3K/Akt/mTOR Signaling Pathways.

BackgroundWe aimed to investigate the anti-multiple myeloma (MM) activity of the new small molecular compound AE-848 (5-bromo-2-hydroxyisophthalaldehyde bis[(1-methyl-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)hydrazone]) and its underlying anti-MM mechanism.MethodsCell viability and apoptosis were detected and quantified by using MTT and flow cytometry, respectively. JC-1 dye-related techniques were used to assess mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP). Western blotting was applied to detect the expression of NF-κB and PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway-associated proteins. The in vivo activity of AE-848 against MM was evaluat

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… Cyproheptadine displays preclinical activity in myeloma and leukemia . Blood . 2008 ; 112 ( 3 ): 760 – 769 . doi: 10.1182/blood-2008-02-142687 18502826 8. Min YH , Eom JI , Cheong JW , et al. …

Feline Coronavirus Infection

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… Treatment with cyproheptadine was initiated, and Ricky’s appetite recovered, after which treatment was discontinued. For the 3 weeks that followed, the cat had been appetent and energetic, but occasional soft feces had been noticed in the litter box. … Treatment with cyproheptadine was initiated and the chlorambucil and pentoxifylline discontinued. However, inappetence continued, and persistent pyrexia (103.4° to 104°F), hematochezia, and tachypnea developed over the next few days. …

Immediate adverse events to intravenous immunoglobulin in pediatric patients with inborn errors of immunity: A longitudinal study with a pre-infusion protocol.

INTRODUCTION: Immunoglobulin represents the main therapy for patients with inborn errors of immunity (IEI) and it is a safe procedure, but adverse events (AEs) can occur with variable frequencies. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the frequency of immediate AEs to intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) regular therapy in a pediatric cohort with IEI after a pre-IVIG infusion protocol. METHODS: This was a longitudinal study from 2011 to 2019 at a tertiary pediatric hospital in Brazil. RESULTS: A total of 1736 infusions were studied in 70 patients with IEI, 46 (65.7%) of whom were males and whose median age w

Cancer cachexia: mechanisms and clinical implications.

Cachexia is a multifactorial process of skeletal muscle and adipose tissue atrophy resulting in progressive weight loss. It is associated with poor quality of life, poor physical function, and poor prognosis in cancer patients. It involves multiple pathways: procachectic and proinflammatory signals from tumour cells, systemic inflammation in the host, and widespread metabolic changes (increased resting energy expenditure and alterations in metabolism of protein, fat, and carbohydrate). Whether it is primarily driven by the tumour or as a result of the host response to the tumour has yet to be

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… 10.1200/JCO.2005.05.1847 33 Argils JM Meijsing H Pallars-Trujillo J Guirao X Lpez-Soriano FJ Cancer cachexia: a therapeutic approach Medicinal Research Reviews 2001 21 1 83 101 11135301 10.1002/1098-1128(200101)21:1<83::aid-med4>3.0.co;2-1 34 Kardinal CG Loprinzi CL Schaid DJ A controlled trial of cyproheptadine …

Diagnosis and Management of Chronic Pruritus: An Expert Consensus Review.

The aim of this study is to formulate the best clinical practice in the diagnosis and management of chronic pruritus (CP). We searched PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, Web of Science, and the WHO's regional databases, for studies on "Diagnosis and management of chronic pruritus" from January 1, 2014, to July 31, 2015. We included programmatic reports and hand-searched references of published reviews and articles. Two independent reviewers screened articles and extracted data. We screened 87 of 95 studies that contained qualitative data. Avoid: Dry climate, heat, alcohol compress, ice packs, frequent ba

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… First-generation antihistamines such as hydroxyzine, chlorpheniramine, clemastine, cyproheptadine, diphenhydramine, and promethazine effectively bind to H1-receptors and also to muscarinic, α-receptors, dopamine, and serotonin receptors and demonstrate central sedative effect. …

Respiratory and Thoracic Medicine

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