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Ferroquine and artesunate in African adults and children with Plasmodium falciparum malaria: a phase 2, multicentre, randomised, double-blind, dose-ranging, non-inferiority study.

BACKGROUND: Artemisinin-based combination therapies (ACTs) are the recommended first-line treatment for uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria. Ferroquine is a new combination partner for fast-acting ACTs such as artesunate. We aimed to assess different doses of ferroquine in combination with artesunate against uncomplicated P falciparum malaria in a heterogeneous population in Africa. METHODS: We did a phase 2, multicentre, parallel-group, double-blind, randomised, dose-ranging non-inferiority trial at eight African hospitals (two in Gabon, three in Burkina Faso, one in Benin, and two i…

The effect of blood transfusion on outcomes among African children admitted to hospital with Plasmodium falciparum malaria: a prospective, multicentre observational study.

BACKGROUND: Infection with Plasmodium falciparum leads to severe malaria and death in approximately 400 000 children each year in sub-Saharan Africa. Blood transfusion might benefit some patients with malaria but could potentially harm others. The aim of this study was to estimate the association between transfusion and death among children admitted to hospital with P falciparum malaria. METHODS: In this prospective, multicentre observational study, we analysed admissions to six tertiary care hospitals in The Gambia, Malawi, Gabon, Kenya, and Ghana that participated in the Severe Malaria in A…

Burden of malaria in pregnancy among adolescent girls compared to adult women in 5 sub-Saharan African countries: A secondary individual participant data meta-analysis of 2 clinical trials.

BACKGROUND: Malaria is among the top causes of death in adolescent girls (10 to 19 years) globally. Adolescent motherhood is associated with … sing data from 5,804 pregnant women participating in 2 malaria prevention clinical trials in Benin, Gabon, Kenya, Mozambique, and Tanzania between 2009 and 2014. Of the sample, 1,201 participants were adolescent girls with a mean age of 17.5 years (standard deviation (SD) 1.3) and 886 (73.8%) of them primigravidae. Among the 4,603 adult women with mean …

Determinants of antibody persistence across doses and continents after single-dose rVSV-ZEBOV vaccination for Ebola virus disease: an observational cohort study.

BACKGROUND: The recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus (rVSV) vaccine expressing the Zaire Ebola virus (ZEBOV) glycoprotein is efficacious i … ears (Geneva, Switzerland, including neutralising antibodies up to 6 months) and 1 year (Lambaréné, Gabon; Kilifi, Kenya) after vaccination and factors associated with higher antibody persistence beyond 6 months, according to multivariable analyses. Trials and the observational study were registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (Geneva: NCT02287480 and NCT0293 …

The paradoxical relationship between ligamentum flavum hypertrophy and developmental lumbar spinal stenosis.

Genomic sequencing of worldwide butterfly fauna followed by phylogenetic analysis of protein-coding genes informs butterfly classification throughout the taxonomic hierarchy, from families to species. As a rule, we attribute the same taxonomic rank to more prominent clades of comparable divergence (i.e., at the same level in the tree). For species delimitation, we use criteria based on relative genetic differentiation and the extent of gene exchange between populations. We analyze the current taxonomic classification of butterflies in the light of genomic phylogenies and encounter clades that

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… Previous studies have recorded high prevalence of SCT for countries such as Democratic Republic of Congo (23.3%) [ 32 ], Gabon (21.1%) [ 33 ], and Nigeria (19.68% - 45%) [ 34 , 35 ], and Uganda (19.8%) [ 36 ]. … Delicat-Loembet LM Elguero E Arnathau C Durand P Ollomo B Ossari S Mezui-me-ndong J Mbang Mboro T Becquart P Nkoghe D Prevalence of the sickle cell trait in Gabon: a nationwide study Infect Genet Evol 2014 25 52 56 10.1016/j.meegid.2014.04.003 24727548 34. …

[Thyroid diseases in sub-Saharan Africa].

Thyroid gland diseases vary according to the environment. In sub-Saharan Africa, they are also influenced by population isolation and the absence of food self-sufficiency, both factors affecting the onset and persistence of iodine-deficiency goiters. More cosmopolitan diseases are now added to these thyroid disorders. Women are mainly affected (94.2%), most often with euthyroid goiters (54.7%), followed by Graves disease (13.1%), hypothyroidism (8.8%), thyroiditis (6.6%), toxic multinodular goiters (6.6 %) and unclassified goiters (10%) [Gabon]. The paucity of laboratories specializing in endo…

Intermittent preventive treatment for malaria in infants.

BACKGROUND: Intermittent preventive treatment could help prevent malaria in infants (IPTi) living in areas of moderate to high malaria trans … ith SP, and were conducted in Tanzania (in 1999 and 2006), Mozambique (2004), Ghana (2004 to 2005), Gabon (2005), Kenya (2008), and Mali (2009). One trial evaluated IPTi with amodiaquine in Tanzania (2000). Later studies included three conducted in Kenya (2008), Tanzania (2008), and Uganda (2013), evaluating IPTi in multiple trial arms that included art …

Management of Hodgkin Lymphoma in a Sickle Cell Patient: A Case Report.

Sickle cell disease (SCD) is an inherited disorder of hemoglobin mutation in red blood cells, with a patient population that is increasing in age in recent decades due to advances in modern medicine. Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL) is a cancer of white blood cells, and while concomitance of SCD and Hodgkin's has been reported, a discussion of treatment for HL in SCD is lacking from the literature. We present a case of effectively treated HL in SCD and put forth that the regimen used is a practical choice, and as it was completed fully as outpatient, it improved the patient's quality of life compared t

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… References 1 Elguero E Lucrèce M “Malaria selects for sickle cell trait in Gabon” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2015 5 201505665 2 Piel FB Steinberg MH Rees DC Sickle Cell Disease N Engl J Med 2017 4 376 (16) 1561 73 28423290 10.1056/NEJMra1510865 3 Sebastiani P Nolan VG Baldwin …

Demographic, epidemiological, and health transitions: are they relevant to population health patterns in Africa?

BackgroundStudies of trends in population changes and epidemiological profiles in the developing world have overwhelmingly relied upon the concepts of demographic, epidemiological, and health transitions, even though their usefulness in describing and understanding population and health trends in developing countries has been repeatedly called into question. The issue is particularly relevant for the study of population health patterns in Africa and sub-Saharan Africa, as the history and experience there differs substantially from that of Western Europe and North America, for which these conce

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… 0.10 Congo | 38.0; 43.1 | 11.8; 20.9 | 21.4; 29.8 | 5.1; 6.3 | 1980 | 43.16 | 55.68 | 0.33 | −0.03 DR Congo | 45.1; 48.8 | 16.9; 25.3 | 20.8; 30.7 | 6.0; 7.2 | 2000 | 39.06 | 48.27 | 0.20 | 0.04 Equatorial Guinea | 32.9; 47.4 | 15.2; 30.4 | 10.5; 26.8 | 5.4; 5.9 | 2000 | 34.48 | 50.09 | 0.28 | 0.18 Gabon …

Intermittent preventive treatment for malaria in infants.

BACKGROUND: Intermittent preventive treatment could help prevent malaria in infants (IPTi) living in areas of moderate to high malaria trans … ith SP, and were conducted in Tanzania (in 1999 and 2006), Mozambique (2004), Ghana (2004 to 2005), Gabon (2005), Kenya (2008), and Mali (2009). One trial evaluated IPTi with amodiaquine in Tanzania (2000). Later studies included three conducted in Kenya (2008), Tanzania (2008), and Uganda (2013), evaluating IPTi in multiple trial arms that included art …

Na-GST-1 adsorbed on Alhydrogel co-administered with different Toll-like receptor agonists in hookworm-naive adults using a controlled human infection model in the USA: a phase 2, double-blind, randomised controlled trial.

BACKGROUND: Necator americanus glutathione S-transferase-1 (Na-GST-1) performs a crucial enzymatic step in hookworm blood feeding and is a leading target for vaccine development. Phase 1 trials in Brazil, Gabon, and the USA of recombinant Na-GST-1 adsorbed on Alhydrogel (Na-GST-1/Al), co-administered with or without AP 10-701 (Toll-like receptor [TLR] 4 agonist) or CpG 10104 (TLR9 agonist), showed the vaccine was well tolerated, safe, and immunogenic. A controlled human hookworm infection (CHHI) model was previously developed to evaluate the effect of candidate hookworm vaccines on infection. …

Donor Evaluation for Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cell Collection

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… India Indonesia Laos Malaysia Maldives Pakistan Philippines Singapore Thailand Timor-Leste (East Timor) Vietnam Angola Benin Burkina-Faso Burundi Cameroon Cape Verde Central African Republic Chad Congo (Congo-Brazzaville) Côte d’Ivoire Democratic Republic of the Congo (Congo-Kinshasa) Equatorial Guinea Gabon … Indonesia Laos Malaysia Maldives Pakistan Philippines Singapore Thailand Timor-Leste (East Timor) Vietnam | Angola Benin Burkina-Faso Burundi Cameroon Cape Verde Central African Republic Chad Congo (Congo-Brazzaville) Côte d’Ivoire Democratic Republic of the Congo (Congo-Kinshasa) Equatorial Guinea Gabon …

Mefloquine for preventing malaria in pregnant women.

BACKGROUND: The World Health Organization recommends intermittent preventive treatment in pregnancy (IPTp) with sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine fo … d vomiting. MAIN RESULTS: Six trials conducted between 1987 and 2013 from Thailand (1), Benin (3), Gabon (1), Tanzania (1), Mozambique (2), and Kenya (1) that included 8192 pregnant women met our inclusion criteria.Two trials (with 6350 HIV-uninfected pregnant women) compared two IPTp doses of mefloquine with two IPTp doses of sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine …

Mefloquine for preventing malaria in pregnant women.

BACKGROUND: The World Health Organization recommends intermittent preventive treatment in pregnancy (IPTp) with sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine fo … d vomiting. MAIN RESULTS: Six trials conducted between 1987 and 2013 from Thailand (1), Benin (3), Gabon (1), Tanzania (1), Mozambique (2), and Kenya (1) that included 8192 pregnant women met our inclusion criteria.Two trials (with 6350 HIV-uninfected pregnant women) compared two IPTp doses of mefloquine with two IPTp doses of sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine …

Mapping Cancer in Africa: A Comprehensive and Comparable Characterization of 34 Cancer Types Using Estimates From GLOBOCAN 2020.

ObjectiveCancer incidence and mortality rates in Africa are increasing, yet their geographic distribution and determinants are incompletely characterized. The present study aims to establish the spatial epidemiology of cancer burden in Africa and delineate the association between cancer burden and the country-level socioeconomic status. The study also examines the forecasts of the cancer burden for 2040 and evaluates infrastructure availability across all African countries.MethodsThe estimates of age, sex, and country-specific incidence and mortality of 34 neoplasms in 54 African countries, we

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… Eritrea | 2,408 [2,137–2,713] | 100.8 | 72.1 | 1,670 [1,482–1,881] | 0.69 Eswatini | 992 [917–1,074] | 127.9 | 82.2 | 613 [560–671] | 0.62 Ethiopia | 77,352 [73,647–81,243] | 106.7 | 75.3 | 51,865 [49,048–54,844] | 0.67 France, La Réunion | 2,965 [2,815–3,123] | 212.5 | 97.8 | 1,523 [1,411–1,644] | 0.51 Gabon …

The SARS-CoV-2 Ivermectin Navarra-ISGlobal Trial (SAINT) to Evaluate the Potential of Ivermectin to Reduce COVID-19 Transmission in low risk, non-severe COVID-19 patients in the first 48 hours after symptoms onset: A structured summary of a study protocol for a randomized control pilot trial.

OBJECTIVES: The primary objective is to determine the efficacy of a single dose of ivermectin, administered to low risk, non-severe COVID-19 … meroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Democratic Republic of Congo, Ethiopia, Equatorial, Guinea, Gabon, Republic of Congo, Nigeria and Sudan). 9. Current use of CYP 3A4 or P-gp inhibitor drugs such as quinidine, amiodarone, diltiazem, spironolactone, verapamil, clarithromycin, erythromycin, itraconazole, ketoconazole, cyclosporine, tacrolimus, indina …

Advancing Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation (HSCT) in Africa: A Pathway to Curing Hematological Disorders.

BackgroundHematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) offers a curative option for numerous hematological disorders, notably sickle cell disease and thalassemia, which are highly prevalent in Africa. Despite its potential, access to HSCT remains limited due to infrastructural, economic, and socio-cultural challenges across the continent.MethodsThis review synthesizes current literature and reports on the status of HSCT in Africa, analyzing data from existing transplant centers, national registries, and peer-reviewed studies to assess progress, challenges, and prospects for expanding HSCT se

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… Uganda has a high rate of 45%, and Gabon, and Cameroon share a rate of 20%–30% [ 8 ]. The disease cases prevail in Africa and affect up to 3% of births and it is stipulated that 6–9 million infants are born with SCD in Africa each year. …

Global burden and regional inequalities of cancer in older adults from 1990 to 2021 and its projection until 2050.

BackgroundGlobal ageing will further exacerbate the cancer burden, and the intersection of cancer and ageing represents an emerging and significant global public health challenge.MethodsBased on the Global Burden of Disease 2021 (GBD 2021) data, we utilized the estimated annual percentage change and Joinpoint regression model to examine the temporal trends in the global cancer burden among elderly population from 1990 to 2021. Pearson's rank correlation analysis was conducted to assess the relationship between disease burden and the socio-demographic index (SDI). Furthermore, an autoregressive

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… In certain countries south of western Sahara, including Nigeria, Namibia, Gabon, Cameroon, and Burkina Faso, HBV infection reached superendemic levels. The proportion of chronic carriers of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) in the general population exceeded 8% [ 41 , 42 ]. …

A global, regional, and national survey on burden and Quality of Care Index (QCI) of hematologic malignancies; global burden of disease systematic analysis 1990-2017.

BackgroundHematologic malignancies (HMs) are a heterogeneous group of cancers that comprise diverse subgroups of neoplasms. So far, despite the major epidemiologic concerns about the quality of care, limited data are available for patients with HMs. Thus, we created a novel measure-Quality of Care Index (QCI)-to appraise the quality of care in different populations.MethodsThe Global Burden of Disease data from 1990 to 2017 applied in our study. We performed a principal component analysis on several secondary indices from the major primary indices, including incidence, prevalence, mortality, ye

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… The highest QCI scores by country were estimated in China (99.3), Finland (87.9), and Spain (86.9), and the lowest in Mongolia (5.4), Fiji (6.6), and Gabon (9.5) (Fig. 1 d). Between 1990 and 2017, the percent change in the QCI score was highest in Mongolia and South Korea. …

A Review of New Findings in Adult T-cell Leukemia-Lymphoma: A Focus on Current and Emerging Treatment Strategies.

Adult T-cell leukemia-lymphoma (ATL), a rare and aggressive T-cell malignancy caused by human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1), is associated with a poor prognosis. Evidence-based standard treatment options are lacking and outcomes are generally unsatisfactory, particularly for patients with relapsed or refractory disease. Continued research is contributing to changing treatment landscape as a number of existing and investigational agents are evaluated. We describe the epidemiology of HTLV-1 and ATL, discuss the biology behind the disease, review current treatment practices and guidel

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… Infection with the HTLV-1 virus is endemic in several regions, including southwestern Japan, some parts of the Caribbean, South America, some areas of intertropical Africa (such as South Gabon) and of the middle East (such as the Mashad region in Iran), isolated clusters in Australo–Melanesia, and Romania …