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Cystic echinococcosis in Turkana, Kenya: 30 years of imaging in an endemic region.

Cystic echinococcosis (CE), a widespread, complex zoonosis, causes chronic disease associated with high morbidity. The pastoral Turkana people of Kenya have one of the highest prevalence rates of CE in the world. Between 1983 and 2015, a CE control program in the Turkana region used ultrasound (US) screening surveys and surgical outreach visits to evaluate CE prevalence and treat those with the disease. As the gold standard modality for diagnosing CE, US reveals a great deal of information about the disease in affected populations. The aim of this study is to discuss the characteristics of unt…

The Pattern of Orbital Fractures Managed at Two Referral Centers in Nairobi, Kenya.

Orbital fractures are one of the commonest injuries in mid-face trauma and can lead to significant functional and cosmetic defects. This study was aimed at analyzing the pattern of orbital fractures at 2 referral centers in Nairobi. It was a descriptive prospective hospital-based study of the demographics, etiology, clinico-radiological features, and management modalities among patients presenting with orbital fractures at the University of Nairobi Dental Hospital and Kenyatta National Referral Hospital in Nairobi, Kenya. A total of 60 patients (52 males, 8 females; P <0.05) with confirmed orb…

Serotype and genetic diversity of human rhinovirus strains that circulated in Kenya in 2008.

BACKGROUND: Human rhinoviruses (HRVs) are a well-established cause of the common cold and recent studies indicated that they may be associated with severe acute respiratory illnesses (SARIs) like pneumonia, asthma, and bronchiolitis. Despite global studies on the genetic diversity of the virus, the serotype diversity of these viruses across diverse geographic regions in Kenya has not been characterized. OBJECTIVES: This study sought to characterize the serotype diversity of HRV strains that circulated in Kenya in 2008. METHODS: A total of 517 archived nasopharyngeal samples collected in a pr…

Clinical Validation of a Smartphone-Based Adapter for Optic Disc Imaging in Kenya.

IMPORTANCE: Visualization and interpretation of the optic nerve and retina are essential parts of most physical examinations. OBJECTIVE: To … ithin the 6-year follow-up (January 7, 2013, to March 12, 2014) of the Nakuru Eye Disease Cohort in Kenya, 1460 adults (2920 eyes) 55 years and older were recruited consecutively from the study. A subset of 100 optic disc images from both methods were further used to validate a grading app for the optic nerves. Data analysis was performed April 7 to Apr …

Malaria investigation and treatment of children admitted to county hospitals in western Kenya.

BACKGROUND: Up to 90 % of the global burden of malaria morbidity and mortality occurs in sub-Saharan Africa and children under-five bear a d … e hospitals from high malaria risk areas participating in the Clinical Information Network (CIN) in Kenya. This study describes documented clinical features, laboratory investigations and treatment of malaria in children (2-59 months) and adherence to national guidelines. RESULTS: A total of 13,014 children had a malaria diagnosis on admission to the f …

Передача вируса Денге и Западного Нила детям и взрослым в прибрежной Кении.

Вирус денге (DENV) и вирус Западного Нила (WNV) являются важными новообразующимися арбовирусами, которые не признаются во многих частях Африки из-за отсутствия наблюдения. В рамках исследования по флавирусу, альфавирусу и воздействию паразитов в прибрежной Кении мы измеряли нейтрализацию антител против DENV и, чтобы оценить специфичность анализа, WNV в образцах сыворотки, которые тестировали на сыворотку против DENV IgG с помощью энзимно привязанного иммуносорбента. Из 830 образцов с положительной реакцией на ДЕНВ, которые были испытаны на нейтрализацию, 488 (58,8 процента) нейтрализовали ДЕНВ

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Dengue virus (DENV) and West Nile virus (WNV) are important reemerging arboviruses that are under-recognized in many parts of Africa due to lack of surveillance. As a part of a study on flavivirus, alphavirus, and parasite exposure in coastal Kenya, we measured neutralizing antibody against DENV and, to evaluate assay specificity, WNV in serum samples that t…

Prevalence and Correlates of HIV Infection among Street Boys in Kisumu, Kenya.

INTRODUCTION: Despite their perceived vulnerability to HIV, East African street youth have been neglected in HIV prevention research. We examined HIV seroprevalence and correlates of HIV infection in a sample of male street youth in Kisumu, Kenya. METHODS: We enrolled a street-recruited sample of 13-21 year old street youth. Participants completed a survey followed by voluntary HIV counseling and testing. Survey items included demographics, homelessness history, survival activities, sexual behavior and substance use. We examined the relationship between predictor variables, markers of coercio…

Evidence of injection drug use in Kisumu, Kenya: Implications for HIV prevention.

BACKGROUND: Injection drug use is increasingly contributing to the HIV epidemic across sub-Saharan Africa. This paper provides the first descriptive analysis of injection drug use in western Kenya, where HIV prevalence is already highest in the nation at 15.1%. METHODS: We draw on quantitative data from a study of injection drug use in Kisumu, Kenya. We generated descriptive statistics on socio-demographics, sexual characteristics, and drug-related behaviors. Logistic regression models were adjusted for sex to identify correlates of self-reported HIV positive status. RESULTS: Of 151 particip…

The effect of a multi-component intervention on disrespect and abuse during childbirth in Kenya.

BACKGROUND: Disrespect and abuse (D & A) during labor and delivery are important issues correlated with human rights, equity, and public health that also affect women's decisions to deliver in facilities, which provide appropriate management of maternal and neonatal complications. Little is known about interventions aimed at lowering the frequency of disrespectful and abusive behaviors. METHODS: Between 2011 and 2014, a pre-and-post study measured D & A levels in a three-tiered intervention at 13 facilities in Kenya under the Heshima project. The intervention involved working with policymaker…

Uterine fibroid embolization for symptomatic fibroids: study at a teaching hospital in kenya.

OBJECTIVE: Characterization of magnetic (MRI) features in women undergoing uterine fibroid embolization (UFE) and identification of clinical correlates in an African population. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Patients with symptomatic fibroids who are selected to undergo UFE at the hospital formed the study population. The baseline MRI features, baseline symptom score, short-term imaging outcome, and mid-term symptom scores were analyzed for interval changes. Assessment of potential associations between short-term imaging features and mid-term symptom scores was also done. RESULTS: UFE resulted in s

Оценка последствий децентрализации лабораторной диагностики туберкулеза, устойчивого к лекарственным препаратам, в Кении.

СИТТИНГ: В Кении рекомендуется провести анализ на наличие лекарственной зависимости (ДНТ) в целях выявления туберкулеза (МДР-ТБ) у лиц, зарегистрированных на предмет повторного лечения туберкулеза (ТБ). ДСТ осуществляется в центральной лаборатории с двухэтапным процессом роста и региональной лабораторией с одновременным молекулярным процессом и процессом роста. ЦЕЛЬ: Сопоставление процентной доли случаев повторного лечения, прошедших ДНТ, и сроков прохождения лечения в больницах, относящихся к центральной и региональной лабораториям. DESIGN: За период с 1 января 2012 года по 31 декабря 2013 го

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
SETTING: Drug susceptibility testing (DST) is recommended in Kenya to identify multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) in persons registered for tuberculosis (TB) retreatment. DST is performed at a central laboratory with a two-step growth-based process and a regional laboratory with a simultaneous molecular- and growth-based process. OBJECTIVE: To compar…

Community knowledge, attitudes and practices on schistosomiasis in western Kenya--the SCORE Project.

In an effort to improve intervention strategies, community knowledge, attitudes, and practices on schistosomiasis were evaluated using focus group discussions involving 237 participants, in eight Schistosoma mansoni high prevalence districts in rural Nyanza Province, Kenya. The majority of participants reported having heard about schistosomiasis through schools, posters, radio announcements, and community gatherings. Participants had a variety of beliefs about contracting schistosomiasis, including associating it with dirty drinking water and uncooked or contaminated food. Avenues for seeking …

Nutritional status of young children with inherited blood disorders in western Kenya.

To determine the association between a range of inherited blood disorders and indicators of poor nutrition, we analyzed data from a population-based, cross-sectional survey of 882 children 6-35 months of age in western Kenya. Of children with valid measurements, 71.7% were anemic (hemoglobin < 11 g/dL), 19.1% had ferritin levels < 12 μg/L, and 30.9% had retinol binding protein (RBP) levels < 0.7 μmol/L. Unadjusted analyses showed that compared with normal children, homozygous α(+)-thalassemia individuals had a higher prevalence of anemia (82.3% versus 66.8%, P = 0.001), but a lower prevalence …

AN ISOLATED SUPERIOR STERNAL CLEFT IN A NEONATE IN WESTERN KENYA: CASE REPORT.

Sternal cleft is a rare congenital anomaly and very few cases have been described especially in Africa. This is a case of an isolated superior sternal cleft in a term neonate in Western Kenya.

Motorcycle injuries at a tertiary referral hospital in Kenya: injury patterns and outcome.

BACKGROUND: The rise in the use of motorcycles in Kenya in the last 10 years has been associated with increased injury rates. Between 2004 and 2009, motorcycle injuries increased at a rate of 29 % and, in some hospitals, motorcycle users have become the predominant road user category injured. Although most road traffic injuries occur in Nairobi, there has been no previous account of motorcycle injury and associated outcomes at its main hospital. OBJECTIVE: To describe the injury patterns and outcomes following motorcycle trauma at the Kenyatta National Hospital. METHODS: All motorcycle traum…

The Prevalence of Disclosure of HIV Status to HIV-Infected Children in Western Kenya.

BACKGROUND: As antiretroviral therapy (ART) allows the world's 2.3 million human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected children to grow and thrive, these children need to be informed of their HIV status. Neither the prevalence of disclosure to children nor its impact has been evaluated in most resource-limited settings. METHODS: We conducted a prospective assessment of a random sample of HIV-infected children ages 6-14 years enrolled in HIV care at a large referral clinic in Eldoret, Kenya. Clinicians administered questionnaires to children and caregivers independently at routine clinic visit…

Notes from the field: outbreak of poliomyelitis--Somalia and Kenya, May 2013.

On May 9, 2013, the Somalia Ministry of Health and the World Health Organization (WHO) reported a confirmed wild poliovirus type 1 (WPV1) case in a girl aged 32 months from Mogadishu (Banadir Region), with onset of acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) on April 18, 2013. Subsequently, eight additional WPV1 cases have been confirmed in Somalia, seven in Banadir Region and one in Bay Region. These are the first reported polio cases in Somalia since March 2007.

Coxiella burnetii in humans, domestic ruminants, and ticks in rural western Kenya.

We conducted serological surveys for Coxiella burnetii in archived sera from patients that visited a rural clinic in western Kenya from 2007 to 2008 and in cattle, sheep, and goats from the same area in 2009. We also conducted serological and polymerase chain reaction-based surveillance for the pathogen in 2009-2010, in human patients with acute lower respiratory illness, in ruminants following parturition, and in ticks collected from ruminants and domestic dogs. Antibodies against C. burnetii were detected in 30.9% (N = 246) of archived patient sera and in 28.3% (N = 463) of cattle, 32.0% (N …

Lifestyles and practices that enhance malaria and typhoid fever in Njoro District, Kenya.

Unhygienic practices have been associated with the spread of parasitic and bacterial infections in rural areas. This study was designed to verify the link between the frequencies of malaria and typhoid fever with selected rural practices in Njoro District, Kenya. A cross-sectional study involving observations, questionnaires and interviews was conducted to determine the socio-economic variables and practices/lifestyles in 336 randomly selected homesteads. Frequencies of malaria and typhoid fever in two randomly selected health centers were determined through a retrospective study for the perio…

Assessment of knowledge on neonatal resuscitation amongst health care providers in Kenya.

INTRODUCTION: Competence in neonatal resuscitation, which represents the most urgent pediatric clinical situation, is critical in delivery rooms to ensure safety and health of newly born infants. The challenges experienced by health care providers during this procedure are unique due to different causes of cardio respiratory arrest. This study aimed at assessing the knowledge of health providers on neonatal resuscitation. METHODS: Data were gathered among 192 health providers drawn from all counties of Kenya. The clinicians were asked to complete questionnaires which were in two parts as; dem…