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Coronaviruses and their relationship with multiple sclerosis: is the prevalence of multiple sclerosis going to increase after the Covid-19 pandemia?

The purpose of this review is to examine whether there is a possible (etiological/triggering) relationship between infection with various Coronaviruses, including Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-related Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), the virus responsible for the Coronavirus disease-19 (Covid-19) pandemia, and Multiple Sclerosis (MS), and whether an increase of the prevalence of MS after the current Covid-19 pandemia should be expected, examining new and preexisting data. Although the exact pathogenesis of MS remains unknown, environmental agents seem to greatly influence the onset of the disea…

Multiple specificities of antibrain antibodies in multiple sclerosis and chronic myelopathy.

The presence of complement-fixing antibodies against brain antigens was tested in paired serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples from 60 multiple sclerosis (MS) patients, 15 patients with chronic myelopathy of undetermined cause (CM) and 60 control patients. Six MS sera, 34 MS CSF, 4 CM sera, 3 CM CSF, 4 control sera and 1 control CSF gave positive reactions either with a lipid extract or a saline extract of normal human brain. The proportion of anticomplementary CSF was significantly higher in the MS group than in the control group (15% vs 0%, P less than 0.01). The reactivity of a large …

Characterizing sweating problems in multiple sclerosis: insights from QSART, SUDOSCAN, and COMPASS-31: Sweating Problems in Multiple Sclerosis.

OBJECTIVE: To characterize sweating issues in people with multiple sclerosis (pwMS) using the Quantitative Sudomotor Axon Reflex Test (QSART) and SUDOSCAN. METHODS: In 75 pwMS, sweating symptoms were evaluated using the Composite Autonomic Symptom Score (COMPASS-31). Sweating function was assessed with QSART and SUDOSCAN. RESULTS: Symptomatic sweating problems were observed in 22 (29.3 %) pwMS. Pathological results of the QSART (sudomotor index (SI) >0) were identified in 13 (17.3 %) pwMS, while SUDOSCAN results showed pathology in 8 (10.7 %) pwMS. We found a positive correlation between the…

Safety and tolerability of cladribine tablets in multiple sclerosis: the CLARITY (CLAdRIbine Tablets treating multiple sclerosis orallY) study.

BACKGROUND: Cladribine is a synthetic deoxyadenosine analogue in development as an oral multiple sclerosis (MS) therapy. OBJECTIVE: To report in detail the safety findings from the 96-week, phase III, double-blind CLARITY study, which evaluated treatment with cladribine tablets in relapsing-remitting MS. METHODS: A total of 1,326 patients were randomized 1:1:1 to two short-course regimens of cladribine tablets (3.5 or 5.25 mg/kg cumulative dose over 96 weeks) or placebo. Safety assessments included monitoring for adverse events (AEs), routine physical and neurologic examinations and frequent…

Health Utilities and Costs for Multiple Sclerosis.

BACKGROUND: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic neurological condition that imposes a significant burden on patients and healthcare systems. OBJECTIVES: To estimate health utilities and costs of MS within the UK setting. METHODS: Patients with MS recruited to the Trajectories of Outcomes in Neurological Conditions (TONiC-MS) study completed a survey that included the EuroQoL EQ-5D-5L, EQ VAS, and a resource use questionnaire for recording their use of MS-related primary, secondary and community care services, diagnostic tests and medicines in the previous 3 months. Data were analysed descri…

[Systemic sclerosis : A disease with multiple faces].

Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a rare autoimmune connective tissue disease within the spectrum of rheumatologic disorders. It is characterized by a combination of vasculopathy and inflammatory fibrosis affecting the skin and various internal organs. The disease presents with heterogeneous manifestations, which can complicate diagnosis and must be carefully considered during both monitoring and treatment. In recent decades, advances in research have expanded the range of therapeutic options available for SSc. Treatment strategies need to be tailored individually, depending on the specific clinical

The Role of Lipid Alteration in Multiple Sclerosis.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is traditionally recognized as a chronic immune-mediated disorder of the central nervous system (CNS), but increasing evidence suggests that systemic metabolic alterations may also contribute to its pathophysiology. Lipid abnormalities in MS have recently attracted renewed research interest, with studies focusing both on dysregulation of lipid signaling pathways and on alterations in standard lipid profile components, including total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), triglycerides (TG), and non-HDL cholesterol. Although dis…

Research on metabolic characteristics of multiple sclerosis.

By comparing the fecal metabolite profiles of multiple sclerosis patients with those of healthy controls, to screen for significantly different metabolites and provide a basis for the discovery of potential biomarkers; further analyze the molecular functions of differential metabolites and their enriched metabolic pathways, aiming to reveal disease-related metabolic abnormalities and offer clues for the study of multiple sclerosis pathogenesis and treatment strategies. Fecal samples were collected from 37 multiple sclerosis patients and 30 age- and gender-matched healthy controls. Ultra-high-p…

Multiple sclerosis and autoimmunity: a reappraisal of the evidence.

Our understanding of the mechanisms underlying multiple sclerosis (MS) has advanced substantially over recent decades, yet the primary drivers of disease onset and progression remain unclear. Immune dysregulation, particularly antibody-mediated processes and lymphocyte activation, is widely recognised as central to MS pathogenesis, and immune-targeted therapies have improved the management of relapsing disease. However, neither self-antigens nor self-antibodies have been definitively identified. This leaves open a fundamental question: does immune activation initiate MS, or does it arise in re…

Cell therapy in multiple sclerosis: An overview.

Despite major advances in therapy for multiple sclerosis (MS) patients, substantial unmet needs remain, particularly regarding the prevention of disability progression and the treatment of progressive and aggressive forms of the disease. While early use of high-efficacy therapies has improved inflammatory disease control, their impact on long-term neurodegeneration is limited, and therapeutic options for progressive MS remain scarce. Autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (AHSCT) has emerged as a highly effective escalation strategy for selected patients with aggressive, inflammato…

[Criteria for choosing treatment of multiple sclerosis].

Therapeutic options for multiple sclerosis (MS) have expanded considerably, allowing for increasingly individualized management. In 2026, disease-modifying therapies include immunomodulators, oral immunosuppressants, and monoclonal antibodies. Therapeutic strategies are tailored to disease course and severity, treatment-related risks, and patient characteristics such as age, pregnancy plans, comorbidities. Intravenous corticosteroid therapy is the standard treatment for flare-ups. Management of symptoms particularly pain, urinary dysfunction, and cognitive impairment, most often relies on a mu…

Multiple sclerosis as an asynchronous neuroinflammatory system.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) has traditionally been conceptualized through an event-based framework in which relapses, lesion accumulation, and disability progression evolve along a linear temporal axis. However, converging pathological, imaging, biomarker, and clinical trial evidence indicates that inflammatory activity, chronic lesion expansion, axonal degeneration, and network reorganization unfold with partially independent temporal dynamics. The 2024 revisions of the McDonald criteria formally incorporate markers of immune persistence and chronic inflammatory organization. Dissemination in spa…

[The prevalence of multiple sclerosis in the Republic of Dagestan].

OBJECTIVE: To conduct a clinical and epidemiological analysis of the prevalence and incidence of multiple sclerosis (MS) in the Republic of Dagestan from 2023 to 2025. The findings will be used to develop prevention and care interventions. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A comparative analysis of MS prevalence in the Republic of Dagestan from 2023 to 2025 was conducted. This analysis included observational data on age, gender, disease onset, disease progression type, clinical manifestations, treatment regimens, and neurological and ophthalmological assessments. RESULTS: The comparative analysis of dat…

[Systemic sclerosis : A disease with multiple faces].

Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a rare autoimmune connective tissue disease within the spectrum of rheumatologic disorders. It is characterized by a combination of vasculopathy and inflammatory fibrosis affecting the skin and various internal organs. The disease presents with heterogeneous manifestations, which can complicate diagnosis and must be carefully considered during both monitoring and treatment. In recent decades, advances in research have expanded the range of therapeutic options available for SSc. Treatment strategies need to be tailored individually, depending on the specific clinical

Воздействие секса на множественные склерозы.

Множественный склероз (MS) — женское заболевание. Прототипом является молодая женщина детородного возраста. В этой статье подчеркивается нынешнее мышление об этой болезни с использованием подхода, основанного на признаке пола. Она начинается с обзора различий между мужчинами и женщинами в нервной и иммунной системах, а также с общей дискуссии о сексуальных гормонах. Охватывается демографическое и клиническое воздействие секса на прогнозы и симптомы MS. Проводится обзор состояния беременности, которое является наиболее изученным по признаку пола, и в нем содержится обновленная консультативная и

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a female predominant disease. The prototypic affected individual is a young woman of childbearing age. This article emphasizes the current thinking about this disease, using a sex-based approach. It begins with a review of male vs. female differences in the nervous system and immune system, as well as a general discussion of sex ho…

Множественный склероз: практический обзор для патологоанатомов.

Множественный склероз (MS) — иммунопосредованное нарушение центральной нервной системы. Это хроническое расстройство, приводящее к неврологической дисфункции, которая распространяется как во времени (многообразные дискретные эпизоды), так и в пространстве (включая несколько участков). С гистологической точки зрения MS характеризуется локальной потерей миелина с относительной сохранением аксонов. В ходе этого обзора будут рассмотрены эпидемиологические, клинические, лабораторные, радиологические и патологические особенности множественных склерозов, а также кратко рассмотрены дифференциальные ди

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an immune-mediated demyelinating disorder of the central nervous system. It is a chronic disorder resulting in neurologic dysfunction that is disseminated both in time (multiple discrete episodes) and space (involving multiple sites). Histologically, MS is characterized by localized loss of myelin with relative preservation of axon…