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Applications of Curcumin and Its Nanoforms in the Treatment of Cancer.

Due to the diverse medicinal and pharmacokinetic properties of turmeric, it is well-known in the therapeutic, pharmaceutic, nutraceutical, cosmetic, and dietary industries. It gained importance due to its multitude of properties, such as wound-healing, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, anti-microbial, cytoprotective, anti-aging, anti-cancer, and immunomodulatory effects. Even though the natural healing effect of turmeric has been known to Indians as early as 2500 BCE, the global demand for turmeric has increased only recently. A major reason for the beneficiary activities of turmeric is the pre

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… Curcumin nanogels, the miniature versions of hydrogels, have a porous framework that will favor drug conjugation and storage. They were administered through a transdermal path for the treatment of skin cancer. … Stimuli-responsive, plasmonic nanogel for dual delivery of curcumin and photothermal therapy for cancer treatment Front. Chem. 2021 8 602941 10.3389/fchem.2020.602941 33585400 PMC7873892 46. Wang X. Peng Y. Tan H. Li M. Li W. …

Curcumin and Its Derivatives as Anticancer Agents in Head and Neck Cancer: Molecular Mechanisms and Preclinical Evidence

Head and neck cancer (HNC), particularly oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), remains a major clinical challenge due to its aggressive behavior, high recurrence rates, and frequent resistance to conventional therapies. Natural compounds, especially curcumin and its derivatives, have gained increasing attention as potential anticancer agents due to their ability to target multiple molecular pathways involved in tumor progression. This review critically evaluates the current preclinical and translational evidence supporting curcumin and its derivatives as monotherapeutic agents in HNC, with part

Resveratrol Nanoformulations for Cancer Management: A Comprehensive Review of Disease-Specific Strategies and Clinical Translational Barriers.

Cancer remains a leading cause of mortality worldwide, highlighting the need for therapeutic strategies that reduce systemic toxicity and drug resistance. Resveratrol (RES), a natural polyphenolic stilbenoid, possesses antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, pro-apoptotic, anti-metastatic, and chemosensitizing activities. However, its clinical translation is limited by poor aqueous solubility, chemical instability, rapid metabolic clearance, and consequently low systemic bioavailability. Nanotechnology-based drug delivery systems provide a promising strategy to address these limitations. This review s

Innovative Approaches in Bone Tissue Engineering: Strategies for Cancer Treatment and Recovery.

Cancer has rapidly emerged as a leading global cause of premature mortality, with significant economic implications projected to reach USD 25.2 trillion from 2020 to 2050. Among the various types of cancer, primary bone cancers, though uncommon, are projected to see nearly 4000 new cases diagnosed in the United States in 2024. The complexity of treating bone cancer arises from its rarity, diversity, and the challenges associated with surgical interventions, metastatic spread, and post-operative complications. Advancements in bone tissue engineering (BTE) have introduced innovative therapeutic

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… . | [ 112 ] Polymeric nanogels | Nanogel formation, drug delivery systems, CRISPR/Cas9-based gene editing to modify stem cell behavior for bone regeneration | BMP-2, VEGF, TGF-β, FGF | Patients with critical bone defects after tumor surgery or metastasis (e.g., ovarian cancer) | [ 113 ] 5. … Nanogels for bone tissue engineering-from synthesis to application. Nanoscale. 2023;15:10206–10222. doi: 10.1039/D3NR01246H. 114. She J., Liu J., Mu Y., Lv S., Tong J., Liu L., He T., Wang J., Wei D. Recent advances in collagen-based hydrogels: Materials, preparation and applications. React. …

Nanoparticle-based strategy in CAR-T cell immunotherapy: challenges, implications, and perspectives.

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapy has achieved remarkable progress in treating hematologic malignancies, yet its broader application faces challenges such as manufacturing complexity, solid tumor microenvironment barriers, and immune toxicity. Nanoparticles (NPs), leveraging their precise delivery, immunomodulation, and multifunctional integration capabilities, offer innovative strategies to optimize CAR-T cell therapy. This review provides a comprehensive elucidation of the fundamental framework of CAR-T cell therapy and the challenges in oncological applications. Subsequently, w

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… Tang et al. developed nanogels (NGs) loaded with IL-15 superagonist complex (IL-15Sa) [ 128 ]. … Moreover, anchoring anti-PD-1 nanogels to CAR-T cell surfaces enhanced treatment efficacy through spatial-temporal co-localization and controlled drug release. Even so, the anchoring efficiency depends on cell surface modification steps, which may increase clinical complexity [ 149 ]. …

"Bioinspired" Membrane-Coated Nanosystems in Cancer Theranostics: A Comprehensive Review.

Achieving precise cancer theranostics necessitates the rational design of smart nanosystems that ensure high biological safety and minimize non-specific interactions with normal tissues. In this regard, "bioinspired" membrane-coated nanosystems have emerged as a promising approach, providing a versatile platform for the development of next-generation smart nanosystems. This review article presents an in-depth investigation into the potential of these nanosystems for targeted cancer theranostics, encompassing key aspects such as cell membrane sources, isolation techniques, nanoparticle core sel

Endoplasmic reticulum stress in disease pathogenesis: its implications for therapy.

Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is a key cellular mechanism that is important in the development of many diseases, including cancer. Since the discovery of the unfolded protein response (UPR), research has greatly improved our understanding of how ER stress affects cellular functions, especially protein folding and adaptation to stress. The UPR consists of three main branches: IRE1, ATF6, and PERK, each of which is crucial for regulating stress responses, protein homeostasis, and apoptosis. These pathways normally help cells handle stress effectively; however, excessive or prolonged activati

Nanotechnology and Matrix Metalloproteinases in Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment.

Cancer is still one of the leading causes of death worldwide. This great mortality is due to its late diagnosis when the disease is already at advanced stages. Although the efforts made to develop more effective treatments, around 90% of cancer deaths are due to metastasis that confers a systemic character to the disease. Likewise, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are endopeptidases that participate in all the events of the metastatic process. MMPs' augmented concentrations and an increased enzymatic activity have been considered bad prognosis markers of the disease. Therefore, synthetic inhib

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… For instance, MMP sensible peptide-crosslinked nanogels (pNGs) were designed to deliver doxorubicin (DOX) ( Nagel et al., 2020 ). … When the nanocarrier arrives at the tumor, MMP-7 splits the peptide with the disaggregation of the nanogel, and the fluorescence emitted by the Mca dye is equivalent to MMP-7 enzymatic activity ( Figure 6B ). …

Application of Nanoparticles for Magnetic Hyperthermia for Cancer Treatment-The Current State of Knowledge.

Hyperthermia (HT) is an anti-cancer therapy commonly used with radio and chemotherapies based on applying heat (39-45 °C) to inhibit tumor growth. However, controlling heat towards tumors and not normal tissues is challenging. Therefore, nanoparticles (NPs) are used in HT to apply heat only to tumor tissues to induce DNA damage and the expression of heat shock proteins, which eventually result in apoptosis. The aim of this review article is to summarize recent advancements in HT with the use of magnetic NPs to locally increase temperature and promote cell death. In addition, the recent develop

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… Hybrid nanogels are also attractive nanocarriers for biomedical applications. These nanostructures are composed of thermoresponsive polymers and superparamagnetic NPs that can take up and release large amounts of DOX. … Cazares-Cortes et al. [ 109 ] developed biocompatible, pH-responsive, magnetoresponsive, and thermoresponsive nanogels (MagNanoGels), composed of polymer complexes of maghemite (γ-Fe 2 O 3 ) MNPs loaded with DOX. …

A technical note on emerging combination approach involved in the onconanotherapeutics.

Cancer is the second cause of mortality worldwide, and the currently available conventional treatment approach is associated with serious side effects and poor clinical outcomes. Based on the outcome of the exploratory preclinical and clinical studies, it was found that therapeutic response increases multiple folds when anticancer drugs are used in combination. However, the conventional combination of anticancer drugs was associated with various limitations such as increased cost of treatment, systemic toxicity, drug resistance, and reduced pharmacokinetic attributes. Hence, attempts were made

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… The combination of cisplatin and PTX was selected for encapsulating into folate decorated nanogels, as a measure to achieve desired therapeutic potential and minimize toxicity related episodes. The optimized formulation represented size of about 90 nm and zeta potential value as −20 mV. … A two-fold increase in cytotoxicity levels was observed when folate receptor + A2780 cells were treated with folic acid (FA)-(cisplatin + PTX)/nanogel in contrast to (cisplatinn + PTX)/nanogel. …

Curcumin as a Multi-Target Bioactive Molecule: Mechanistic Insights and Translational Perspectives.

Curcumin, a natural polyphenolic compound derived from the curcuma genus, has attracted considerable attention due to its simple chemical structure, favorable safety profile, and broad-spectrum pharmacological activities. This review provides a comprehensive summary of recent advances in curcumin research, with a specific focus on its therapeutic potential in cancer, inflammation, depression, and metabolic disorders, including non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, hypertension, and osteoporosis. It highlights curcumin's modulation of critical signaling pathways, such as PI3K/Akt, NF-κB, JAK/STAT,

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… To address curcumin’s poor solubility and low bioavailability, Hitesh Chopra et al. [ 35 ] developed various curcumin nanocarriers, including liposomes, nanogels, and solid lipid nanoparticles, and employed different strategies to enhance its solubility, stability, and targeting ability. … Overview of Nanodelivery Systems To overcome curcumin’s pharmacokinetic limitations, various nanodelivery platforms have been developed, including liposomes, solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs), nanogels, polymeric nanoparticles, and microspheres [ 32 , 61 , 62 , 63 , 64 ]. …

Nanomedicine and Onco-Immunotherapy: From the Bench to Bedside to Biomarkers.

The broad relationship between the immune system and cancer is opening a new hallmark to explore for nanomedicine. Here, all the common and synergy points between both areas are reviewed and described, and the recent approaches which show the progress from the bench to the beside to biomarkers developed in nanomedicine and onco-immunotherapy.

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… Hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC) nanogels have been shown to drain nearby lymph nodes after skin administration and release their antigen payload into the APCs, enhancing antitumour immunity [ 61 ]. … Nanogels can also be used in the administration of cytokines, such as murine IL-12 that is incorporated into a CHP nanogel, allowing its sustained release into the bloodstream [ 63 ]. …

Nanoparticles and bone microenvironment: a comprehensive review for malignant bone tumor diagnosis and treatment.

Malignant bone tumors, which are difficult to treat with current clinical strategies, originate from bone tissues and can be classified into primary and secondary types. Due to the specificity of the bone microenvironment, the results of traditional means of treating bone tumors are often unsatisfactory, so there is an urgent need to develop new treatments for malignant bone tumors. Recently, nanoparticle-based approaches have shown great potential in diagnosis and treatment. Nanoparticles (NPs) have gained significant attention due to their versatility, making them highly suitable for applica

FmocFF Peptide Hydrogel Is a Promising Matrix for Encapsulation and Controlled Release of the Anticancer Peptide Drug Bortezomib.

One major public health issue is cancer chemotherapy; despite constant progress in the area, administration of anticancer drugs to patients is often associated with serious side effects. It is therefore imperative to develop vehicles for encapsulation and controlled delivery of such drugs. Anticancer drugs include small peptide drugs, such as Bortezomib (BTZ). Self-assembling peptides have been recently reported as promising drug delivery agents. The research reported here proposes the encapsulation of BTZ into peptide hydrogels formed by the self-assembling FmocFF dipeptide as delivery vehicl

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… FmocFF hydrogels can also be formulated as nanogels for the targeted delivery of dexamethasone [ 33 ]. … Fmoc-FF hydrogels and nanogels for improved and selective delivery of dexamethasone in leukemic cells and diagnostic applications. Sci. Rep. 2024;14:9940. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-60145-z. 34. Bellotto O., Kralj S., De Zorzi R., Geremia S., Marchesan S. …

Plant-Derived Natural Products in Cancer Research: Extraction, Mechanism of Action, and Drug Formulation.

Cancer is one of the main causes of death globally and considered as a major challenge for the public health system. The high toxicity and the lack of selectivity of conventional anticancer therapies make the search for alternative treatments a priority. In this review, we describe the main plant-derived natural products used as anticancer agents. Natural sources, extraction methods, anticancer mechanisms, clinical studies, and pharmaceutical formulation are discussed in this review. Studies covered by this review should provide a solid foundation for researchers and physicians to enhance basi

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… Nanogels, yeast cells, metallo-complexes, and nanodisks are other types of formulations to enhance the biological activity of curcumin [ 411 ]. A nanogel is a nanoparticle system composed of a hydrogel crosslinked to a polymer. … Curcumin-loaded hydrogel nanoparticles formed by combining hydroxypropyl methylcellulose and polyvinyl pyrrolidone [ 448 ], curcumin-loaded gold nanoparticles–chitosan nanogels [ 449 ], and curcumin delivered as self-assembled capsules with carboxymethyl cellulose and casein nanogels with folic acid …

Immunomodulatory Nanosystems.

Immunotherapy has emerged as an effective strategy for the prevention and treatment of a variety of diseases, including cancer, infectious diseases, inflammatory diseases, and autoimmune diseases. Immunomodulatory nanosystems can readily improve the therapeutic effects and simultaneously overcome many obstacles facing the treatment method, such as inadequate immune stimulation, off-target side effects, and bioactivity loss of immune agents during circulation. In recent years, researchers have continuously developed nanomaterials with new structures, properties, and functions. This Review provi

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… Some of the most frequently explored nanosystems are polymer nanoparticles, 24 , 25 liposomes, 26 , 27 micelles, 28 , 29 , 30 nanogels, 14 , 31 , 32 gold nanoparticles (Au NPs), 33 , 34 and carbon nanomaterials. 35 These nanoplatforms have shown phenomenal capabilities in assisting immunostimulatory … For example, γPGA/chitosan nanogel was used as adjuvant for pandemic H1N1 influenza vaccine. 248 Mice vaccinated with H1N1 antigen and γPGA/chitosan nanogel showed a higher level of IgG titers and H1N1‐specific CTL, revealing that γPGA/chitosan nanogel was a more potent adjuvant than aluminum compound …

Antibody-based drug delivery systems for cancer therapy: Mechanisms, challenges, and prospects.

In recent years, antibody-based cancer therapy has emerged as one of the efficient therapeutic strategies, such as immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), angiogenesis inhibitors, antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs), multi-specific antibodies, and chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cells, among others. To date, various drug delivery platforms have been developed to improve the bioavailability, delivery convenience, and reduced toxicity towards increased therapeutic efficacy of antibodies. Herein, we emphasize the clinical manifestations of various antibody-based tumor therapies, highlighting their m

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… In the second generation of T cell “backpack” strategy, IL-15 loaded nanogel backpacks have been linked with adoptively transferred T cells, and the reduction sensitive disulfide bonds in the nanogel was cleaved under reducing conditions on the surface of T cells ( Figure 10 ) 104 . … Figure 10 (A) Scheme for TCR-signaling-responsive protein nanogels synthesis and for protein release in response to reducing activity in the local microenvironment. Reproduced with permission from Ref. 104 , Copyright © 2018 Springer Nature. …

Nanomedicine Meets Immunotherapy: Advancing Adoptive Cell Therapy with Nanoparticles in the Treatment of Cancer with Sustainability Perspectives.

Immunotherapy has achieved remarkable clinical success in certain cancers, particularly through adoptive cell therapy (ACT), where T cell engineering with chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) has driven major clinical breakthroughs in the treatment of hematologic malignancies. However, efficacy against solid tumors remains limited due to multiple barriers, including the scarcity of tumor-specific antigens, antigen heterogeneity, immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment, and physical obstruction of T cell infiltration by dense extracellular matrix. Nanoparticle (NP)-based approaches can overcome the

Recent Advances in Doxorubicin Formulation to Enhance Pharmacokinetics and Tumor Targeting.

Doxorubicin (DOX), a widely used drug in cancer chemotherapy, induces cell death via multiple intracellular interactions, generating reactive oxygen species and DNA-adducted configurations that induce apoptosis, topoisomerase II inhibition, and histone eviction. Despite its wide therapeutic efficacy in solid tumors, DOX often induces drug resistance and cardiotoxicity. It shows limited intestinal absorption because of low paracellular permeability and P-glycoprotein (P-gp)-mediated efflux. We reviewed various parenteral DOX formulations, such as liposomes, polymeric micelles, polymeric nanopar

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… First, nanogels (NGs) incorporating DOX were constructed with chitosan to obtain a carboxymethyl chitosan complex (DOX:CS/CMCS-NGs), which was then crosslinked with Ca and carboxylate ions in the core of multilayer alginate beads. … PM: Polymeric micelle; PNP: Polymeric nanoparticles; MMS: Multilayer micro-dispersing system; MSN: Mesoporous silica nanoparticles; DOX:CS/CMCS-NGs/Qu-M-ALG-Beads: DOX-chitosan complex incorporating carboxymethyl chitosan nanogels in the core of MMS and querctin modified alginate beads; AUC: Area under …

Biomimetic materials for medical applications.

AbstractRecent advances in biomedical research have facilitated the exploration of biomimetic materials and their potential for diagnosing and treating diseases. This review synthesizes reports of recent research into biomimetic materials and provides a focused analysis of their therapeutic and diagnostic efficacy across multiple physiological systems, including the locomotor, digestive, respiratory, urinary, endocrine, nervous, integumentary, hematopoietic, and circulatory systems. These findings highlight the transformative potential of these materials in the management of systemic diseases.