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Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating peptide (PACAP) induces differentiation in the neuronal F11 cell line through a PKA-dependent pathway.

PACAP is a peptide with neuroprotective activity, which induces adenylate cyclase and protein kinase A (PKA) activity. PACAP has also been shown to induce neurite outgrowth in PC12 cells and dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons. Here, we report that exogenous PACAP38 promotes neurite outgrowth in the F11 neuroblastoma/dorsal DRG hybrid cell line. Using an automated microscopy system, we show that PACAP38 induces a 170-fold increase in neurite length, with an EC50 of 3.1 nM, compared to 3.7 microM for forskolin and 143.4 microM for dibutyril cyclic AMP (dbcAMP). PACAP38 induced a 4-fold increase

Evaluation of chondroitin sulfate bioactivity in hippocampal neurones and the astrocyte cell line U373: influence of position of sulfate groups and charge density.

Chondroitin sulfates are linear polysaccharides of alternating glucuronic acid and N-acetylgalactosamine, sulfated in varying positions. The … series of microscopic images 3 parameters of neuritic outgrowth activity, neurite length, number of neurites and fasciculation (thickness of neurites) are analyzed at concentrations occurring in intact tissues. Fasciculation increased and number of neurites decreased with high di-sulfation. No significant differences on process length reduction were found …

Протеин, создающий вакуулы в нейродегенеративных заболеваниях у людей.

Вакулирующий белок (ВКП) является членом ATPases, связанной с различными видами деятельности клеток, и представляет собой предполагаемый сенсорный белок для дегенеративных белков. Иммуногистохимические исследования показали, что ПХФ был обнаружен в инфракрасных инфракрасно-убийных соединениях в моторной нейронной болезни с слабоумием, в надувных нейронах в болезни Креуцфельдта-Якоба, в дистрофических невралитах сентиляционной добычи в болезни Альцгеймера, в телах Льюи и Маринеско и в неуриитах Леви в болезни Паркинсона, в то время как гранулы грануловакулярной дегенерации и нейрофибриллеровых

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Vacuole-creating protein (VCP) is a member of the ATPases associated with diverse cellular activities and is a putative sensor protein for d … s in motor neuron disease with dementia, ballooned neurons in Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, dystrophic neurites of senile plaque in Alzheimer's disease, and Lewy and Marinesco bodies and Lewy neurites in Parkinson's disease, while granules of granulovacuolar degeneration and neurofibrillary tangles in Alzheimer's disease were not positively stained for VCP. T …

ACLY regulates autolysosome acidification through tubulin acetylation-mediated assembly of V-ATPase subunits in Alzheimer's disease model mice.

INTRODUCTION: Faulty autolysosome acidification leads to dystrophic neurites-an early event propelling Alzheimer's disease (AD) progression-yet the underlying mechanism remains elusive. METHODS: To elucidate the physiological functions of neuronal ATP citrate lyase (ACLY) expression, its impact on amyloid beta (Aβ) pathology, and molecular mechanisms, we used intracerebroventricular ACLY inhibitor administration, adeno-associated virus-mediated ACLY modulation in the dorsal hippocampus, and N2a-swAPP695 cell line. RESULTS: Inhibition or knockdown ACLY reduced microtubule stability and impair…

Neuroaxonal pathology in Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease.

Neuroaxonal pathology has met little attention in transmissible spongiform encephalopathies. In brains of a series of 39 consecutive Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) cases, we detected numerous abnormal neurites that labeled for neurofilament proteins (NFP) by immunocytochemistry. Three types of abnormally NFP-accumulating structures were more prominently observed in CJD brains than in age-matched control brains: 1. Neurons with NFP in their somata were seen in 29 CJD cases (74%), some appearing distended with eccentrically placed nuclei and homogenously stained cytoplasm. 2. Neuritic distensio…

White matter and cortical gray matter microstructural alterations in migraine: a NODDI and DTI analysis.

BACKGROUND: The pathophysiological mechanism of migraine remains elusive, thereby impeding the effective treatment of the disease. Current n … CM group compared to the EM group. In the cortical GM, compared to HC, the migraine group had fewer neurites in the right insula and temporal pole cortex, and the CM group showed a reduction in neurites in the right middle temporal and fusiform cortex. The cortical GM of neurite damage was negatively correlated with neurotransmitters in migraine and CM. Th …

Histopathological and immunohistochemical study of the enteric innervations among various types of aganglionoses including isolated and syndromic Hirschsprung disease.

We investigated enteric innervations in 15 isolated and five syndromic cases of Hirschsprung disease (HSCR) with immunohistochemistry for the S100 protein (S100), class III a-tubulin (TUJ1), peripherin, neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) and CD34. The number of neurites per smooth muscle unit of the circular muscle layer (CML) was counted in the longitudinal sections. TUJ1 was the best marker to detect whole neuritic networks of the enteric nervous system. There were differences in the innervation patterns between isolated rectosigmoid aganglionosis (RS) and long segment aganglionosis (LS) …

Intracellular mechanisms of amyloid accumulation and pathogenesis in Alzheimer's disease.

Cell-culture studies have revealed some of the fundamental features of the interaction of amyloid Abeta with cells and the mechanism of amyl … heterogeneous aggregated APP fragments and Abeta appears to mimic the pathophysiologyof dystrophic neurites, where the same spectrum of components has been identified by immunohistochemistry. In the brain, this residue appears to be released into the extracellular space, possibly by a partially apoptotic mechanism that is restricted to the distal compartm …

In vitro evidence for modulation of morphological and functional development of hypothalamic immunoreactive atrial natriuretic peptide neurons by cyclic 3',5'-adenosine monophosphate.

In the hypothalamus of the rat, the precursor of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) is produced and processed into its smaller congeners of 3K … were colocalized with the staining of neuron-specific enolase; some of the cells possessed multiple neurites and showed irANP staining in the perikarya, in the varicosities along neuronal processes, and at the terminals of long neurites. Over the range of 10(-6)-10(-4) M, forskolin, 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine, or 8-bromo-cAMP significantly augmented the t …

miR-30b Promotes spinal cord sensory function recovery via the Sema3A/NRP-1/PlexinA1/RhoA/ROCK Pathway.

Spinal cord injury (SCI) induces both motor and sensory dysfunctions. We wondered whether miR-30b could promote primary sensory neuron (PSN) axon growth in inhibitory microenvironment. The neurite growth was promoted by miR-30b agomir and inhibited by antagomir. MiR-30b targeted and degraded sema3A mRNA. MiR-30b regulated the formation of sema3A-NRP-1-PlexinA1 complex via targeting sema3A. The neurite length was induced by the miR-30b agomir, and the application of sema3A protein could reverse the effect of agomir. GTP-RhoA and ROCK expression were down-regulated by miR-30b. Neurite outgrowth

Characterization of CLP36/Elfin/PDLIM1 in the nervous system.

CLP36, one of the alpha-Actinin Associated LIM Protein (ALP)/Enigma family proteins, has a wide tissue distribution, but little is known about its expression and role in the nervous system. We show here that CLP36 is expressed in sensory ganglia but not in the CNS of adult rats. In primary dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons, CLP36 is distributed in the soma and neurites with enrichment in the growth cones. CLP36 forms a complex with alpha-actinin and is localized to actin cytoskeleton. To examine the role of CLP36 in neuronal cells, we transfected PC12 cells with a series of CLP36 deletion mut…

Nimodipine and flunarizine have different effects on survival and morphology of PC12 cells during nerve growth factor deprivation.

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of antagonists of different subtypes of Ca(2+) channels (nimodipine and flunarizine) and … tion. Using time-lapse videomicroscopy and quantitative image analysis, we found that retraction of neurites was an early and fast phenomenon after removal of NGF. None of the compounds tested (flunarizine, nimodipine, BAPTA-AM, EGTA) could prevent the retraction of neurites.

A novel immunophilin ligand: distinct branching effects on dopaminergic neurons in culture and neurotrophic actions after oral administration in an animal model of Parkinson's disease.

Protection or regeneration of the dopaminergic (DA) system would be of significant therapeutic value for Parkinson's disease. Immunophilin ligands, such as FK506, can produce neurotrophic effects in vitro and in vivo, but their immunosuppressive effects make them unsuitable for neurological application. This study demonstrates that a novel, nonimmunosuppressive immunophilin ligand (V-10,367) increased the number of neurites extended by tyrosine hydroxylase positive (TH+) DA neurons in embryonic day 14 primary DA neuronal cultures. In contrast, the immunosuppressive immunophilin ligand FK506 in…

Nerve growth factor prevents neurotoxic effects of cisplatin, vincristine and taxol, on adult rat sympathetic ganglion explants in vitro.

Anti-cancer drugs, cisplatin, vincristine and taxol clinically induce toxic sensory as well as autonomic neuropathy. Administration of nerve growth factor (NGF) has been found to prevent experimental sensory neuropathies induced by these anti-cancer drugs, but the information about autonomic neuropathy is lacking. We developed an adult rat superior cervical ganglion (SCG) explant culture, which we treated with cisplatin, vincristine and taxol either in the presence or absence of NGF. The maximum length of regenerated neurites was shortened by cisplatin, vincristine and taxol in a dose-dependen…

Endocytosis and Endocytic Neurotrophin Signaling in Developing Spiral Ganglion Neurons.

Spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs) relay auditory information from cochlear sensory cells to the central nervous system (CNS). During developmen … ely increased neurite length in NT-treated explants, while inhibition of retrograde transport along neurites (Mycalolide B) markedly reduced both neurite number and extension regardless of NT treatment. These findings suggest that basal SGN neuritogenesis relies on both clathrin-dependent and clathrin-independent endocytosis, whereas NT-induced neurite gro …

Sex Differences in Associations of Lewy Body Disease with Alzheimer's Disease and Cognitive Decline.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate how sex and age at menopause influence the interplay between Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Lewy body disease (LBD) … limbic-type vs none) and AD, including neuritic plaques (β-amyloid plaques surrounded by dystrophic neurites) and neurofibrillary tangles. In each dataset, we tested interactive associations between LBD and sex on neuritic plaques, neurofibrillary tangles, and cognitive decline. Additionally, in the Rush dataset, we tested whether age at spontaneous menopa …

Osteopontin and its spatiotemporal relationship with glial cells in the striatum of rats treated with mitochondrial toxin 3-nitropropionic acid: possible involvement in phagocytosis.

BACKGROUND: Osteopontin (OPN, SPP1) is upregulated in response to acute brain injury, and based on its immunoreactivity, two distinct forms have been identified: intracellular OPN within brain macrophages and small granular OPN, identified as OPN-coated degenerated neurites. This study investigates the spatiotemporal relationship between punctate OPN deposition and astroglial and microglial reactions elicited by 3-nitropropionic acid (3-NP). METHODS: Male Sprague-Dawley rats were intraperitoneally injected with mitochondrial toxin 3-NP and euthanized at 3, 7, 14, and 28 days. Quantitative and…

C-terminal and full length TDP-43 specie differ according to FTLD-TDP lesion type but not genetic mutation.

The transactive response DNA binding protein of 43 kDa (TDP-43) is an intranuclear protein involved in RNA splicing. Abnormally deposited TD … nt lesion types across FTLD-TDP type A-C. These include neuronal cytoplasmic inclusions, dystrophic neurites, neuronal intranuclear inclusions, fine neurites of the hippocampus, peri-vascular inclusions, Pick body-like inclusions, long thick dystrophic neurites and granular pre-inclusions. We also assess for associations with progranulin (GRN) and C9ORF72 …

Expression of stromal cell-derived factor 1alpha protein in HIV encephalitis.

Analysis of the patterns of stromal cell-derived factor 1alpha (SDF-1alpha) expression in the brains from HIV-positive patients suggests that in neuronal cells, SDF-1alpha might play a role in neuroprotection and neurite extension in response to HIV infection. In all cases analyzed, SDF-1alpha immunoreactivity was primarily present in astroglial cells. Patients with HIV encephalitis (HIVE) showed intense somato-dendritic neuronal SDF-1alpha immunoreactivity, while HIVE negative patients with neurodegeneration had a significant decrease in neuronal SDF-1alpha immunoreactivity. Neuronal cells tr

Lens injury stimulates adult mouse retinal ganglion cell axon regeneration via both macrophage- and lens-derived factors.

In the present study the effects of lens injury on retinal ganglion cell axon/neurite re-growth were investigated in adult mice. In vivo, lens injury promoted successful regeneration of retinal ganglion cell axons past the optic nerve lesion site, concomitant with the invasion of macrophages into the eye and the presence of activated retinal astrocytes/Muller cells. In vitro, retinal ganglion cells from lens-lesioned mice grew significantly longer neurites than those from intact mice, which correlated with the presence of enhanced numbers of activated retinal astrocytes/Muller cells. Co-cultur…