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cxcl12-engineered endothelial progenitor cells enhance neurogenesis and angiogenesis after ischemic brain injury in mice.

BACKGROUND: Ischemic stroke causes a multitude of brain damage. Neurovascular injury and myelin sheath degradation are two manifestations of ischemic brain damage. Therapeutic strategies aiming only at repairing the neural components or the vessels cannot efficiently restore neurological function. Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) have the advantages of both promoting angiogenesis and secreting trophic factors that would promote neurogenesis. Chemokine cxcl12 gene therapy has also been shown to promote angiogenesis, neurogenesis, and remyelination, attracting EPCs, neural progenitor cells, a…

Comparative Neuroregenerative Effects of C-Phycocyanin and IFN-Beta in a Model of Multiple Sclerosis in Mice.

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) therapies approved so far are unable to effectively reverse the chronic phase of the disease or improve the remyelination process. Here our aim is to evaluate the effects of C-Phycocyanin (C-Pc), a biliprotein from Spirulina platensis with anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and cytoprotective properties, in a chronic model of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) in mice. C-Pc (2, 4 or 8 mg/kg i.p.) or IFN-beta (2000 IU, s.c.) was administered daily once a day or every other day, respectively, starting at disease onset, which differ among EAE mice between 11 and …

[The influence of photochromotherapy on the injured nerve under experimental conditions (a histological study)].

The objective of the present neurohistological study using an experimental model of compressive-ischemic neuropathy (40 white rats) was to estimate the influence of photochromotherapy on the injured nerve filament. It was shown that light of different wavelengths had differential effect on the nerve tissue. The exposure to blue light reduced the severity of traumatic lesion as apparent from a decrease in the number of filaments undergoing degenerative changes and their enhanced argentophilia. Irradiation with red light caused a marked decrease in the degree of vacuolization with moderate argen

Dominantly inherited motor and sensory neuropathy with excessive myelin folding complex.

The two patients in a family having the clinical and electrodiagnostic features of hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy (HMSN) are described. The main histological features of sural nerve were segmental demyelination and remyelination with moderate to marked loss of myelinated fibers, and myelin folding complex along all of the large and small myelinated fibers. These features appeared morphologically similar to those observed in HMSN with excessive myelin outfolding, or globular neuropathy. Southern blot analysis suggests that there were neither duplication nor deletion of the peripheral m…

Epidermal growth factor receptor modulation for neural repair: Implications for neurodegenerative disease therapy.

The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR; ErbB1/HER1) is a receptor tyrosine kinase that regulates cell proliferation, survival, differentiation, and tissue repair. In the nervous system, EGFR is expressed in neural progenitors, astrocytes, oligodendrocyte precursor cells, and neuronal populations, where its functions are context dependent. EGFR signaling contributes to neural regeneration by promoting progenitor proliferation, neuronal survival, neurogenesis, and remyelination following injury. However, sustained or excessive EGFR activation can drive reactive astrogliosis, neuroinflammatio…

Клемастин фумарат ускоряет аккумуляцию инвалидности в прогрессивном множественном склерозе, усиливая пироптоз.

Множественный склероз (MS) — иммунопосредованное демиелинизирующее заболевание центральной нервной системы (CNS). Клемастин фумарат, внезапный антигистамин и мускариновый блокатор рецепторов, обладает ремиелионирующим потенциалом в MS. Климастичная рука была добавлена в текущее клиническое испытание платформы TRAP-MS ( " TRP-MS " )NCT03109288) для выявления сигнатуры ремиелинирования цереброспиновой жидкости (CSF) и для сбора данных о безопасности клемастина у пациентов независимо от рецидива (PIRA). Клемастинская рука была остановлена в соответствии с определенными протоколом критер

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an immune-mediated demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS). Clemastine fumarate, the over-the-c … to an ongoing platform clinical trial TRAP-MS (NCT03109288) to identify a cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) remyelination signature and to collect safety data on clemastine in patients progressing independently of relapse activity (PIRA). The clemastine arm was stopped per protocol-defined criteria when 3/9 patients triggered individual safety stopping criteria (χ2 p=0 …

Reaction of oligoglia to spinal cord injury in rats and transplantation of human olfactory ensheathing cells.

In experiments on rats with lateral TVIII hemisection of the spinal cord and transplantation of ensheating olfactory cells, we studied struc … tion of oligodendrocytes in this region suggests their involvement together with Schwann cells into remyelination of regenerating axons, which can serve as a factor of partial restoration of motor functions after spinal cord injury.

Is carpal tunnel decompression warranted for HNPP?

The role of carpal tunnel decompression surgery for patients that have hereditary neuropathy with liability to pressure palsy (HNPP) is currently unknown. Since recovery from carpal tunnel compression is often associated with remyelination or nodal reconstruction rather than axonal regeneration, it is uncertain whether the PMP22 deletion associated with HNPP interrupts myelin or nodal reconstitution. We describe two patients with genetically confirmed HNPP and symptomatic carpal tunnel syndrome that had clinical and electrophysiological improvement after surgical decompression. The findings in…

Disulfiram neuropathy. A morphometric study of sural nerve.

This report describes peripheral nerve morphology in 3 patients whose acute polyneuropathy followed disulfiram therapy. In all patients a combination of axonal degeneration with segmental demyelination and remyelination was seen, suggesting a varying degree of toxicity to both cytons and Schwann cells. The observed randomness of abnormal internodes argued against primary axonal atrophy and secondary demyelination. While large myelinated fibres were preferentially lost, ultrastructural studies also suggested degeneration of unmyelinated fibres. Because of high chloral consumption at the onset o…

Application of Olfactory Ensheathing Cells in Collagen Hydrogels for Therapy of Experimental Spinal Cord Cysts.

Therapeutic efficacy of olfactory ensheathing cells and type I collagen administered separately or in combination was studied in a model of chronic spinal cord injury in rats. The introduction of collagen hydrogel at a concentration of 4 mg/ml with and without olfactory ensheathing cells into spinal cord cysts reduced cyst volume and restored hindlimb motor function. The introduction of collagen hydrogel at both concentrations (1 and 4 mg/ml) with and without ensheathing cells stimulated remyelination of damaged nerve tissue. The results show that further study of this bioengineered preparatio…

The contribution of multifocal visual evoked potentials in patients with optic neuritis and multiple sclerosis: a review.

PURPOSE: To review the evidence on the usefulness of the multifocal visual evoked potential (mfVEP) test in patients with optic neuritis (ON) and/or multiple sclerosis (MS). METHODS: We critically review key published evidence on the use of mfVEP in ON/MS patients and its association with other functional and structural tests. RESULTS: Multifocal VEP tests are useful in detecting abnormality in patients with ON/MS and monitor the progression of lesions (remyelination, atrophy). In addition, mfVEP has good correlation with conventional visual evoked potential (VEP), standard automated perimet…

A technique for producing demyelination of the rat optic nerves.

Demyelination is a major cause of neurological disability within the human population, and the end product of a number of pathological proce … ways, will allow both histological and functional assessments of the processes of demyelination and remyelination in the rat animal model.

Comparison of age-related peripheral nerve changes in mice housed in either plastic cages with sawdust-covered solid flooring or wire-mesh-floor cages.

A comparative histologic survey was conducted on the dorsal root, sciatic, tibial and medial plantar nerves of 90- and 110-week-old B6C3F1 female mice reared in either solid-floor cages covered in sawdust or wire-mesh-floor cages. Age-related peripheral nerve lesions, characterized by axonal degeneration and remyelination, were present in all nerves surveyed, and were especially prominent in the sciatic and medial plantar nerves at 110 weeks of age but, there were no differences associated with the type of cage floor in clinical signs, grasping power of the fore- and hind-limbs, motor nerve co…

Human immunoglobulin ameliorates rat experimental autoimmune neuritis.

Human immunoglobulin is an effective treatment for Guillain-Barré syndrome, although the mechanism of action is not understood. We have inve … as associated with a reduction in the titre of anti-rat myelin antibodies and may be due to earlier remyelination of demyelinated nerve fibres. This model may facilitate further investigation of the mechanism of therapeutic action of immunoglobulin in inflammatory neuropathy.

[Familial spastic paraplegia with amyotrophy. Clinical, electromyographic, histochemical study and microdissection].

Four cases of familial spastic paraplegia with amyotrophy in siblings from a consanguineous married are reported. The routine laboratory examination were normal. The electromiography and muscle biopsy processed by histochemistry showed signs of denervation with reinervation. The motor nerve conduction velocity was decreased in the peroneal nerve in 3 cases. The teased fiber preparation of sural nerves was abnormal in four cases. It was found increased of C, D and G fibers suggesting demyelination with secondary remyelination. The authors believe the abnormalities found could be due the distal …

Клемастин фумарат ускоряет аккумуляцию инвалидности в прогрессивном множественном склерозе, усиливая пироптоз.

Множественный склероз (MS) — иммунопосредованное демиелинизирующее заболевание CNS. Клемастин фумарат, внезапный антигистамин и мускариновый блокатор рецепторов, обладает ремиелионирующим потенциалом в MS. Климастичная рука была добавлена в текущее клиническое исследование платформы, нацеленное на остаточную активность на основе точности, биомаркированной комбинированной терапии множественных склерозов (TRAP-MS) (Clinical Procures.gov). NCT03109288), для выявления сигнатуры ремиелинирования цереброспиновой жидкости (CSF) и для сбора данных о безопасности клемастина у пациентов независимо от ре

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an immune-mediated demyelinating disease of the CNS. Clemastine fumarate, the over-the-counter antihistamine and … tiple sclerosis (TRAP-MS) (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03109288), to identify a cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) remyelination signature and to collect safety data on clemastine in patients progressing independently of relapse activity (PIRA). The clemastine arm was stopped per protocol-defined criteria when 3 of 9 patients triggered individual safety stopping criteria. Cle …

The beneficial role of autophagy in multiple sclerosis: Yes or No?

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic progressive demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS) due to an increase of abnormal pe … n the modulation of MS neuropathology by regulating cell proliferation related to demyelination and remyelination. Autophagy enhances remyelination by increasing the activity of oligodendrocytes, and astrocytes. However, autophagy induces demyelination by activating microglia and T cells. In conclusion, specific autophagic activators of oligodendrocytes, and as …

LINGO-1 Regulates Oligodendrocyte Differentiation through the Cytoplasmic Gelsolin Signaling Pathway.

Differentiation and maturation of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) involve the assembly and disassembly of actin microfilaments. Howe … duced OPC differentiation, whereas overexpression of cGSN promoted OPC differentiation in vitro and remyelination in vivo Furthermore, coexpression of cGSN and LINGO-1 blocked the inhibitory effect of LINGO-1. Our study demonstrates that cGSN works downstream of LINGO-1 signaling pathway, which enhances actin dynamics and is essential for OPC morphogenesis and …

Dynamic visual tests to identify and quantify visual damage and repair following demyelination in optic neuritis patients.

In order to follow optic neuritis patients and evaluate the effectiveness of their treatment, a handy, accurate and quantifiable tool is req … age and provide a simple, yet powerful, way to identify and quantify processes of demyelination and remyelination along visual pathways. These protocols may be efficient to diagnose and follow optic neuritis and multiple sclerosis patients. In the diagnostic process, these protocols may reveal visual deficits that cannot be identified via current standard visua …

Visual evoked potentials and MBP gene expression imply endogenous myelin repair in adult rat optic nerve and chiasm following local lysolecithin induced demyelination.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) patients may suffer from optic disturbances. Toxin-induced demyelinations have frequently been developed to investigate the cellular and structural aspects of demyelination and remyelination processes, separately. The present study describes functional consequence of lysolecithin (LPC)-induced lesion in the adult rat optic nerves and chiasm by recording the visual evoked potentials (VEPs) from the visual cortex and its correlation with myelin basic protein (MBP) expression in lesion site. Records of VEP were obtained at 2, 7, 14 and 28 days post-injection. We observed t…