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Fecal metatranscriptomics and virus isolation reveal picornavirus diversity and evolution in Japanese wild boars and pigs.

To elucidate the enteric virome and its relationship between wild boars and domestic pigs, metatranscriptomic analysis and virus isolation using a swine testis (ST) cell line were conducted on fecal samples collected from 300 wild boars and 363 pigs in Japan between 2017 and 2023. Inoculation onto ST cells induced cytopathic effects (CPEs) in samples from 47 wild boars and 178 pigs. Deep sequencing of fecal supernatants and CPE-positive culture supernatants revealed numerous viral sequences belonging to the order Picornavirales (picornaviruses; PVs), which became the focus of this study. A tot…

Evaluating the Alimentary and Respiratory Tracts in Health and disease (EARTH) research programme: a protocol for prospective, longitudinal, controlled, observational studies in children with chronic disease at an Australian tertiary paediatric hospital.

INTRODUCTION: Chronic gastrointestinal and respiratory conditions of childhood can have long-lasting physical, psychosocial and economic effects on children and their families. Alterations in diet and intestinal and respiratory microbiomes may have important implications for physical and psychosocial health. Diet influences the intestinal microbiome and should be considered when exploring disease-specific alterations. The concepts of gut-brain and gut-lung axes provide novel perspectives for examining chronic childhood disease(s). We established the 'Evaluating the Alimentary and Respiratory T

Интерпретация вирусных ассоциаций по нейродегенеративным болезням.

Вирусные инфекции связаны с множественным склерозом (MS), болезнью Альцгеймера (AD), болезнью Паркинсона (PD) и амиотропическим боковым склерозом (ALS), но ассоциации могут отражать различные связи с процессом заболевания. В настоящем обзоре анализируются данные, свидетельствующие о наличии вирусных заболеваний в связи с началом болезни, модификацией установленных заболеваний, дисфункциональным вирусным контролем в качестве вторичных заболеваний или методов лечения и случайным обнаружением. Самые убедительные временные данные касаются вируса Эпштейн-Барр (ЭБВ) и MS. Перспективные данные указыв

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… Detection by virome sequencing was confirmed by qPCR targeting two genomic regions, and HPgV nonstructural protein 5A immunoreactivity was demonstrated in oligodendrocytes in two HPgV-positive PD brains [ 8 ]. … Confirmation by virome sequencing, qPCR, and immunohistochemistry reduces the likelihood of a single assay artifact, but contamination or batch effects cannot be fully excluded in such a small tissue series. …

Application of Next Generation Sequencing in Laboratory Medicine.

The rapid development of next-generation sequencing (NGS) technology, including advances in sequencing chemistry, sequencing technologies, bioinformatics, and data interpretation, has facilitated its wide clinical application in precision medicine. This review describes current sequencing technologies, including short- and long-read sequencing technologies, and highlights the clinical application of NGS in inherited diseases, oncology, and infectious diseases. We review NGS approaches and clinical diagnosis for constitutional disorders; summarize the application of U.S. Food and Drug Administr

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… For example, virome sequencing in immunocompromised patients post-organ or stem cell transplant can gauge the competency of the host immune system, as viral load can increase with use of immunosuppressant drugs [ 223 – 225 ]. … Virome capture sequencing enables sensitive viral diagnosis and comprehensive virome analysis. mBio. 2015;6:e01491–15. doi: 10.1128/mBio.01491-15. 168. Buss SN, Leber A, Chapin K, Fey PD, Bankowski MJ, Jones MK, et al. …

Unlocking the Microbial Symphony: The Interplay of Human Microbiota in Cancer Immunotherapy Response.

IntroductionThe emergence of cancer immunotherapy has revolutionized cancer treatment, offering remarkable outcomes for patients across various malignancies. However, the heterogeneous response to immunotherapy underscores the necessity of understanding additional factors influencing treatment efficacy. Among these factors, the human microbiota has garnered significant attention for its potential role in modulating immune response. Body: This review explores the intricate relationship between the human microbiota and cancer immunotherapy, highlighting recent advances and potential mechanisms u

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… The virome’s role in carcinogenesis is still subject to investigation because no direct or causal association has been established [ 90 ]. … Human Virome and Disease: High-Throughput Sequencing for Virus Discovery, Identification of Phage-Bacteria Dysbiosis and Development of Therapeutic Approaches with Emphasis on the Human Gut. Viruses. 2019;11:656. doi: 10.3390/v11070656. 105. …

Metagenomic Investigation of Torque Teno Mini Virus-SH in Hematological Patients.

A new member of Anelloviridae, named torque teno mini virus (TTMV)-SH, was recently identified in the serum of three Hodgkin's lymphoma patients suggesting that TTMV-SH may be associated with this type of hematological malignancy. We investigated by metagenomic analysis the presence of TTMV-SH-related viruses in plasma samples (n = 323) collected from patients with various hematological malignancies (multiple myeloma (MM, n = 256), non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL, n = 20), acute myeloid leukemia (n = 10)) and from healthy donors (n = 37). TTMV-SH-related strains were identified in 24 samples corre

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… Torquetenovirus: the human virome from bench to bedside . Clin. Microbiol. Infect. 22 , 589 – 593 . 10.1016/j.cmi.2016.04.007 27093875 International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) ( 2011 ). ICTV 9th report (2011). ssDNA viruses (2011) . …

Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis and Dietary Interventions in Non-Hodgkin B-Cell Lymphomas: Implications for Treatment Response.

Non-Hodgkin B-cell lymphomas are a heterogeneous group of lymphoid malignancies with variable biological behavior, clinical presentation and treatment response. While chemoimmunotherapy remains the cornerstone of their management, growing evidence implicates the gut microbiota as a critical modulator of both lymphomagenesis and therapeutic efficacy. Gut microbiota dysbiosis, characterized by reduced microbial diversity and pathogenic taxonomic shifts, has been observed also in newly diagnosed patients and not just after therapy. This microbial imbalance contributes to mucosal barrier disruptio

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… Research should expand beyond bacterial communities to include the mycobiome and virome, which may also play significant roles in immune modulation and tumor biology. … Furthermore, expanding research beyond bacterial taxa to include the virome and mycobiome may uncover additional dimensions of host–microbiota–tumor interaction [ 62 , 63 ]. …

Гут Микробиом и мальгический энцефаломилит/хронический синдром утомления (ME/CFS): Понимание механизмов борьбы с заболеваниями.

Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatige (ME/CFS) — клиническая болезнь, характерная особенность которой заключается в постэкспертальной болезни (PEM). Она может влиять на многие органы и системы, что приводит к серьезному ухудшению качества жизни пациентов. Несмотря на многочисленные постинфекционные, иммунологические, неврологические, метаболические и эндокринные изменения, не существует ни окончательного диагностического маркера, ни утвержденного лечения. Этиология и патофизиология по-прежнему не до конца понимаются; однако появляющиеся данные свидетельствуют о том, что кишечная микробиомия

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… A Role for the Intestinal Microbiota and Virome in Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS)? J. Clin. Med. 2016 5 55 10.3390/jcm5060055 27275835 PMC4929410 63. Afzaal M. Saeed F. Shah Y.A. Hussain M. Rabail R. Socol C.T. Hassoun A. Pateiro M. Lorenzo J.M. Rusu A.V. … Does the Microbiome and Virome Contribute to Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome? Clin. Sci. 2018 132 523 542 10.1042/CS20171330 PMC5843715 29523751 117. Rao A.V. Bested A.C. Beaulne T.M. Katzman M.A. Iorio C. Berardi J.M. Logan A.C. …

Изучение роли Т клеток в болезни Альцгеймера и других нейродегенеративных заболеваниях: новые терапевтические идеи из Т Клеток на симпозиуме по мозгам.

В этой статье подытоживаются итоги первого симпозиума "Те ячейки в мозгу", проведенного в Колумбийском университете. Эксперты собрались для изучения роли Т клеток в нейродегенеративных заболеваниях. Ключевые темы включали характеристику антигенной иммунной реакции, репертуар T рецептора клеток (TCR), микробную этиологию болезни Альцгеймера (AD) и перекресток клеток микроглиа-Т с уделением особого внимания тому, как Т клетки влияют на нейроинфламмацию и АД биомаркеры, такие как амилоидная бета и тау. На симпозиуме были также рассмотрены иммунотерапии АД, включая исследование валацикловирусного

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… Recent advances in genomic sequencing and bioinformatics have enabled researchers to characterize the virome and microbiome of the CNS with unprecedented depth and resolution. 30 , 31 Metagenomic sequencing of brain tissue and CSF samples has revealed the presence of diverse microbial communities …

NDP52 и его новая роль в патогенезе.

Автофагика - это процесс, способствующий выживанию, который регулирует деградацию и обновление клеточных компонентов, что делает его важнейшим механизмом для клеточного гомеостазиза. Существуют выборочные формы автофагии, характерные для ряда субстратов, таких, как патогены (бактерии или вирусы), белковые агрегаты или излишние/поврежденные органеллы. Эти процессы включают в себя в качестве ключевых игроков автофагичные рецепторы, которые связывают груз, подлежащий деградации, с автофагическим оборудованием. Среди них NDP52 (известный также как КАКПО2) был охарактеризован как «бридж» между авто

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… More studies are needed to understand what viruses make up a healthy human virome. Of note, the known causes of tauopathy are multiple, but they also include viral infections [ 134 ]. …

Understanding Autoimmunity: Mechanisms, Predisposing Factors, and Cytokine Therapies.

Autoimmunity refers to an organism's immune response against its own healthy cells, tissues, or components, potentially leading to irreversible damage to vital organs. Central and peripheral tolerance mechanisms play crucial roles in preventing autoimmunity by eliminating self-reactive T and B cells. The disruption of immunological tolerance, characterized by the failure of these mechanisms, results in the aberrant activation of autoreactive lymphocytes that target self-tissues, culminating in the pathogenesis of autoimmune disorders. Genetic predispositions, environmental exposures, and immun

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… Exogenous viruses and the virome—the genomes of all viruses inhabiting a host—interact with the gut microbiota and reside in commensal bacteria [ 134 , 135 ]. …

Antibodies against vaccine-preventable infections after CAR-T cell therapy for B cell malignancies.

BACKGROUNDLittle is known about pathogen-specific humoral immunity after chimeric antigen receptor-modified T (CAR-T) cell therapy for B cell malignancies.METHODSWe conducted a prospective cross-sectional study of CD19-targeted or B cell maturation antigen-targeted (BCMA-targeted) CAR-T cell therapy recipients at least 6 months posttreatment and in remission. We measured pathogen-specific IgG against 12 vaccine-preventable infections and the number of viral and bacterial epitopes to which IgG was detected ("epitope hits") using a serological profiling assay. The primary outcome was the proport

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… Comprehensive serological profiling of human populations using a synthetic human virome Science 2015 348 6239 aaa0698 10.1126/science.aaa0698 26045439 PMC4844011 61 Mina MJ et al Measles virus infection diminishes preexisting antibodies that offer protection from other pathogens Science 2019 366 6465 …

Острый инфекционный мононуклеоз порождает стойкие, функциональные антитела EBNA-1 с высокой поперечной реактивностью до альфа-кристаллической бета.

Мы исследуем масштаб, специфичность и функциональные свойства ядерного антигена 1 (EBNA-1) вируса Эпштейн-Барр (EBV) у молодых людей в ходе первичной инфекции. Обнаружены специфические связующие антитела EBNA-1, а также антитела, способные к осаждению клеточного фагоцитоза (ADCP) и дополняющего антитела (ADCD). Эти антитела в первую очередь направлены против региона EBNA-1, который, как известно, вызывает перекрестные антитела для нескольких самопептидов. У лиц, имеющих по крайней мере один аллеле HLA-DRB1*15:01, отмечаются высшие связующие и ADCD антитела EBNA-1. Альфакристалллин бета (КРИАБ)

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… disorders, most notably multiple sclerosis (MS) 2 , 3 ; for example, a history of symptomatic IM increases an individual’s risk of MS 2- to 3-fold. 4 Evidence supporting a direct causal relationship between EBV and MS was provided by a recent study that compared antibody responses to the entire human virome …

Cellular Senescence and Aging: Mechanisms, Disease Convergence, and Therapeutic Frontiers.

Cellular senescence, a stress-induced, irreversible cell cycle arrest coupled with a proinflammatory secretory phenotype, has emerged as both a central driver of aging and a tractable therapeutic target. Although acute senescence contributes beneficially to tumor suppression and wound healing, chronic accumulation of senescent cells sustains systemic inflammaging and accelerates organ dysfunction. This review synthesizes current progress in aging biology into a unified mechanistic and translational framework. We first examine how primary aging hallmarks, such as genomic instability and epigene

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… Gut dysbiosis disrupts the gut–brain axis, exacerbating neurodegenerative progression [ 109 ], while the gut virome promotes sulfur metabolism in ways that may further support intestinal resilience [ 110 ]. …

Potential Novel Biomarkers in Chronic Graft-Versus-Host Disease.

Prognostic, diagnostic or predictive biomarkers are urgently needed for assessment of chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGvHD), a major risk for patients undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. The main goal of this review generated within the COST Action EUROGRAFT "Integrated European Network on Chronic Graft Versus Host Disease" was to identify potential novel biomarkers for cGvHD besides the widely accepted molecular and cellular biomarkers. Thus, the focus was on cellular biomarkers, alloantibodies, glycomics, endothelial derived particles, extracellular vesicles, m

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… In addition, the impact of the virome on the pathophysiology of immune-mediated diseases and cGvHD should not be underestimated. For instance, cytomegalovirus seropositivity of the recipient and the donor prior to alloHSCT was observed as a risk factor for the development of cGvHD ( 131 ). …

Combination strategies of gut microbiota in cancer therapy through metabolic reprogramming and immune remodeling.

Over the past decade, there has been a qualitative improvement in the understanding of gut microbiota in cancer development and treatment. Gut microbiota regulates metabolic reprogramming that occurs in the competition between tumor cells and immune cells for essential nutrients in the tumor microenvironment (TME). Besides, gut microbiota dysbiosis is one of the key factors leading to the formation of aging environment, which has many similarities with the TME. Accumulating research findings have demonstrated that gut microbiota enhances the efficacy of cancer therapies by activating the immun

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… Vemuri R Shankar EM Chieppa M Eri R Kavanagh K Beyond Just Bacteria: Functional Biomes in the Gut Ecosystem Including Virome, Mycobiome Archaeome and Helminths Microorganisms 2020 8 483 10.3390/microorganisms8040483 32231141 PMC7232386 Vemuri R, Shankar EM, Chieppa M, Eri R, Kavanagh K. … Beyond Just Bacteria: Functional Biomes in the Gut Ecosystem Including Virome, Mycobiome. Archaeome and Helminths Microorganisms. 2020;8:483. 32231141 10.3390/microorganisms8040483 PMC7232386 2. Zhu R, Lang T, Yan W, Zhu X, Huang X, Yin Q, Li Y. …

Influence of B cell-lineage targeted CAR-T cell therapy on humoral immunity and vaccine-induced antibody response.

Humoral immune-related adverse events, including hypogammaglobulinemia and B cell depletion, pose long-term infection risks after chimeric antigen receptor T cell therapy (CARTx) for hematologic malignancies. This prospective study evaluates the kinetics of pathogen-specific humoral immunity prior to and up to a year after CARTx targeting CD19 and CD20 (B cells) or BCMA (plasma cells) in 100 and 28 individuals, respectively. Antibodies are tested for 12 vaccine-preventable pathogens and using comprehensive high-throughput antibody profiling. A subset of 72 participants are evaluated for post-C

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… Comprehensive serological profiling of human populations using a synthetic human virome. Science 348 , aaa0698 (2015). 60. Wilck, M. et al. …

Evaluation of Proteasome Inhibitors in the Treatment of Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis.

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is the most common form of idiopathic interstitial pneumonia, and it has a worse prognosis than non-small cell lung cancer. The pathomechanism of IPF is not fully understood, but it has been suggested that repeated microinjuries of epithelial cells induce a wound healing response, during which fibroblasts differentiate into myofibroblasts. These activated myofibroblasts express α smooth muscle actin and release extracellular matrix to promote matrix deposition and tissue remodeling. Under physiological conditions, the remodeling process stops once wound heal

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… The Role of Microbiome and Virome in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis. Biomed. 2021;9:442. doi: 10.3390/biomedicines9040442. 20. Molyneaux P.L., Cox M.J., Willis-Owen S.A., Mallia P., Russell K.E., Russell A.M., Murphy E., Johnston S.L., Schwartz D.A., Wells A.U., et al. …

A review of spontaneous bone metastases in domestic and laboratory animals.

Bone metastases cause significant morbidity and ultimately death in some human cancer patients. Although experimental animal models of skeletal metastases have been invaluable for investigating the molecular mechanisms of cancer progression and growth in bones, few of these models recapitulate the heterogeneous nature of bone metastases observed in humans. Animals with naturally occurring cancers have been proposed as ideal and unique models for human cancer research. From this, understanding the incidence, histologic features, clinical presentation, and response to therapy of spontaneous bone

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… A virome sequencing approach to feline oral squamous cell carcinoma to evaluate viral causative factors. Vet. Microbiol. 2020;240 doi: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2019.108491. 158. Jimi E., Shin M., Furuta H., Tada Y., Kusukawa J. …

Development and Clinical Translation of Approved Gene Therapy Products for Genetic Disorders.

The field of gene therapy is striving more than ever to define a path to the clinic and the market. Twenty gene therapy products have already been approved and over two thousand human gene therapy clinical trials have been reported worldwide. These advances raise great hope to treat devastating rare and inherited diseases as well as incurable illnesses. Understanding of the precise pathomechanisms of diseases as well as the development of efficient and specific gene targeting and delivery tools are revolutionizing the global market. Currently, human cancers and monogenic disorders are indicati

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… VM202 | ViroMed | DNA vehicle expressing two isoforms of hepatocyte growth factor, HGF728 and HGF723 | Painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy, Chronic nonhealing ischemic foot ulcer in diabetes, Critical limb ischemia, Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Acute myocardial infarction | NCT02563522 NCT02427464 …