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2021 ACMT Annual Scientific Meeting Abstracts-Virtual.

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A review of sitaxsentan sodium in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension.

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a life threatening, progressive condition which eventually leads to fatal right heart failure. Endothelin-1 (ET-1), a potent vasoconstrictor peptide, is increased in the pulmonary arteries of patients with pulmonary hypertension. Endothelin-1 acts through the stimulation of 2 subtypes of receptors (endothelin receptor subtypes A [ET(A)] and B [ET(B)]). In PAH patients, ETRAs block the deleterious vasoconstrictor effects of ET-1, and ETRA treatment in PAH patients has been shown to be safe and efficacious. Sitaxsentan is an orally active, highly ET(A) se

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… Due to the effect of sitaxsentan on inhibition of the CYP2C9, an 80% reduction in the warfarin dose for sitaxsentan patients was recommended at baseline for sitaxsentan-treated patients, with adjustment made as needed to maintain international normalized ratio (INR). …

Investigation of the Underlying Mechanism of Sclerosteosis Expression in Muscle Tissue in Multiple Myeloma with Sarcopenia.

ObjectiveTo explore the role of sclerosteosis (SOST) gene expression in the occurrence and development of multiple myeloma (MM) complicated with sarcopenia.MethodsAnalysis of the SOST expression in skeletal muscle tissue of patients with MM using high-throughput sequencing combined with transcriptomics; observation of morphological changes of the mouse C2C12 myoblasts co-cultured with SP2/0 myeloma cells in Transwell; observation of the SOST expression in the C2C12 myoblasts using the immunofluorescence labeling method; and assessment of the changes in exercise capacity of mice with MM using e

A multidisciplinary perspective on the complex interactions between sleep, circadian, and metabolic disruption in cancer patients.

Sleep is a basic need that is frequently set aside in modern societies. This leads to profound but complex physiological maladaptations in the body commonly referred to as circadian disruption, which recently has been characterized as a carcinogenic factor and reason for poor treatment outcomes, shortened survival, and reduced quality of life in cancer patients. As sleep and circadian physiology in cancer patients spans several disciplines including nursing science, neurology, oncology, molecular biology and medical technology, there is a lack of comprehensive and integrated approaches to deal

Окисляющий/нетрозирующий стресс, апоптоз и сигнализация " Redox " : основные игроки в нейродегенеративных заболеваниях.

Нейродегенеративные заболевания представляют собой серьезную проблему для здоровья, которая оказывает глубокое воздействие на качество и продолжительность жизни миллионов людей. Эти заболевания характеризуются патологическими изменениями в различных областях мозга, конкретными генетическими мутациями, связанными с болезнью, залежами аномальных белков и дегенерацией неврологических клеток. Поскольку нейродегенеративные расстройства различаются по своим эпидемиологическим характеристикам и степени уязвимости нейронов, лечение этих заболеваний обычно направлено на замедление развития заболеваний.

Targeting Oncoproteins for Molecular Cancer Therapy

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Targeting translation initiation in breast cancer.

Over the past 20 years, a better understanding of cancer biology, screening for early detection, improved adjuvant treatment, and targeted therapies have decreased the rate of breast cancer deaths. However, resistance to treatment is common, and new approaches are needed. Deregulation of translation initiation is associated with the commencement and progression of cancer. Often, translation initiation factors are overexpressed and the related signaling pathways activated in human tumors. Recently, a significant number of inhibitors that target translation factors and pathways have become avail

Hematological malignancies in the Northwest Ethiopia.

BackgroundThe effect of malignant diseases is increasing globally, particularly in developing countries as shown by recent cancer statistics from the world health organization reports. It is anticipated that with an increase in life expectancy consequent upon the improved standard of living and increasing urbanization, the burden of hematological malignancies in sub-Saharan Africa particularly in Ethiopia is likely to increase recently. Therefore, this study was aimed to determine the incidence and trend of hematological malignancy in Northwest Ethiopia.MethodsA facility-based retrospective st

Platycodon grandiflorum, as a medicinal and food homologous plant: a comprehensive review of anti-tumor components, mechanisms, modern applications, and preventive healthcare.

Platycodon grandiflorum (Jacq.) A. D C. (P. grandiflorum), as a medicinal and edible plant, is widely distributed in China. In terms of Chinese medical theories, Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) believes that the root of P. grandiflorum has the functions of relieving sore throat, eliminating phlegm, and draining pus, and is widely used in lung diseases and respiratory system disorders. Modern pharmacological studies have shown that Platycodon grandiflorum saponin, flavonoids, polysaccharides, and phenolic acids are the main active components of P. grandiflorum, which have significant antitus

Epoetin beta for the treatment of chemotherapy-induced anemia: an update.

Epoetin beta belongs to the class of erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESAs) that are currently available to treat anemic patients receiving chemotherapy. Chemotherapy-induced anemia affects a high percentage of cancer patients and, due to its negative effects on disease outcome and the patient's quality of life, should be treated when first diagnosed. Initial trials with ESAs have shown efficacy in improving quality of life and reducing the need for blood transfusions in patients with chemotherapy-induced anemia. However, recent meta-analyses have provided conflicting data on the impact of E

Concurrent evolution of cancer cachexia and heart failure: bilateral effects exist.

Cancer cachexia is defined as a multifactorial syndrome of involuntary weight loss characterized by an ongoing loss of skeletal muscle mass and progressive functional impairment. It is postulated that cardiac dysfunction/atrophy parallels skeletal muscle atrophy in cancer cachexia. Cardiotoxic chemotherapy may additionally result in cardiac dysfunction and heart failure in some cancer patients. Heart failure thus may be a consequence of either ongoing cachexia or chemotherapy-induced cardiotoxicity; at the same time, heart failure can result in cachexia, especially muscle wasting. Therefore, t

Multiple Facets of Autophagy and the Emerging Role of Alkylphosphocholines as Autophagy Modulators.

Autophagy is a highly conserved multistep process and functions as passage for degrading and recycling protein aggregates and defective organelles in eukaryotic cells. Based on the nature of these materials, their size and degradation rate, four types of autophagy have been described, i.e. chaperone mediated autophagy, microautophagy, macroautophagy, and selective autophagy. One of the major regulators of this process is mTOR, which inhibits the downstream pathway of autophagy following the activation of its complex 1 (mTORC1). Alkylphosphocholine (APC) derivatives represent a novel class of a

Rediscovering hemostasis abnormalities in multiple myeloma: The new era.

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a malignancy arisen from the abnormal proliferation of clonal plasma cells. It has a high risk of developing bleeding and thrombotic complications, which are related to poor prognosis and decreased survival. Multiple factors are involved in the breaking of the hemostasis balance, including disease specific factors, patient-specific factors, and drug factors that change pro-and anticoagulant and fibrinolysis. Recently, with the introduction of new treatments such as monoclonal antibodies, chimeric antigen receptor modified T-cell therapy, antibody-drug conjugates direct

A Literature Review on the Impact of the Gut Microbiome on Cancer Treatment Efficacy, Disease Evolution and Toxicity: The Implications for Hematological Malignancies.

The gut microbiome plays a crucial role in modulating the efficacy and toxicity of cancer therapies, particularly in hematological malignancies. This review examines the dynamic interplay between gut microbiota and cancer treatments, such as chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Disruptions in the gut microbiome, known as dysbiosis, are associated with adverse effects like gastrointestinal toxicity, neutropenia and cardiotoxicity during chemotherapy. Conversely, the supplementation of probiotics has shown potential in mitigating these side effects by

European guidance for the diagnosis and management of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women.

UnlabelledGuidance is provided in a European setting on the assessment and treatment of postmenopausal women at risk of fractures due to osteoporosis.IntroductionThe International Osteoporosis Foundation and European Society for Clinical and Economic Aspects of Osteoporosis and Osteoarthritis published guidance for the diagnosis and management of osteoporosis in 2008. This manuscript updates these in a European setting.MethodsSystematic literature reviews.ResultsThe following areas are reviewed: the role of bone mineral density measurement for the diagnosis of osteoporosis and assessment of fr

Imiglucerase in the treatment of Gaucher disease: a history and perspective.

The scientific and therapeutic development of imiglucerase (Cerezyme(®)) by the Genzyme Corporation is a paradigm case for a critical examination of current trends in biotechnology. In this article the authors argue that contemporary interest in treatments for rare diseases by major pharmaceutical companies stems in large part from an exception among rarities: the astonishing commercial success of Cerezyme. The fortunes of the Genzyme Corporation, latterly acquired by global giant Sanofi SA, were founded on the evolution of a blockbuster therapy for a single but, as it turns out, propitious ul

Rituximab-Induced Interstitial Lung Disease: A Possible Underestimated Complication-A Systematic Review.

Background: Rituximab, a monoclonal antibody targeting CD20, has revolutionized the management of B-cell lymphoproliferative disorders and some immune conditions, significantly improving disease control and patient survival. Beyond its indisputable therapeutic benefits, rituximab can cause serious pulmonary adverse events, particularly interstitial lung disease (R-ILD). Diagnosing R-ILD is challenging due to nonspecific clinical and imagistic features, and its true incidence is possibly underestimated. Methods: We conducted a systematic review to synthesize current evidence on R-ILD, focusing

Clinical applications of antibody-drug conjugates in advanced non-small cell lung cancer.

Lung cancer remains the leading cause of cancer-related incidence and mortality worldwide, with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) constituting the majority of cases. Current treatment modalities are constrained by significant limitations: conventional chemotherapy exhibits poor tumor selectivity and systemic toxicity, while monoclonal antibodies frequently demonstrate inadequate therapeutic efficacy. Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs)-engineered biotherapeutics comprising tumor-targeting antibodies conjugated to potent cytotoxic agents through optimized linkers-have emerged as a transformative s

Venous thromboembolism in cancer patients: an underestimated major health problem.

Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a major health problem among patients with cancer, its incidence in this particular population is widely increasing. Although VTE is associated with high rates of mortality and morbidity in cancer patients, its severity is still underestimated by many oncologists. Thromboprophylaxis of VTE now considered as a standard of care is still not prescribed in many institutions; the appropriate treatment of an established VTE is not yet well known by many physicians and nurses in the cancer field. Patients are also not well informed about VTE and its consequences. Many

Post-transplant cyclophosphamide-induced cardiotoxicity: A comprehensive review.

Cyclophosphamide-induced cardiotoxicity, associated with its toxic metabolite acrolein, is a significant concern and unresolved issue, especially when cyclophosphamide is administrated in high doses. However, cardiotoxicity following low-dose cyclophosphamide has been also documented, especially in post-hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (post-HSCT) settings. Despite the involvement of multiple signaling pathways in cyclophosphamide-induced cardiomyopathy, the exact underlying mechanisms remain to be fully elucidated. This review outlines the current challenges of cyclophosphamide therapy