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Сероэпидемиологическое обследование Буньявириды и некоторых других арбовирусов в Пакистане.

В 372 образцах (157 грызунов, 172 домашних животных, 43 человека) из Пакистана были изучены дополнительные фикционные реакции на следующие вирусы: Буньявиридае, Флебовирус: Флеботомус лихорадка Сицилиан (ПФС), Флеботомус лихорадка Неаполь (ПФН), Каримабад (КАР), Салехабад (САЛ); Найровирус: геморрагическая лихорадка Крыма-Конго (КФГ), Хазара (ХАЗ), Дера Гази Хан (ДГК), Дхори (ДХО); Укувирус: Манава (МВА); "Возможные члены": Бакау (БАК), Бханья (БХА). Ревиридае, Орбивирус: Вад Медани (WM). Неклассифицированные: Вановри (ВАН). Четыре из этих вирусов трансмиссивы Phlebotomus (PFS, PFN, KAR, SAL).

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Complement fixation test reactions to the following viruses were studied in 372 samples (157 rodents, 172 domestic animals, 43 persons) from Pakistan: Bunyaviridae, Phlebovirus: Phlebotomus fever Sicilian (PFS), Phlebotomus fever Naples (PFN), Karimabad (KAR), Salehabad (SAL); Nairovirus: Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever (CCHF), Hazara (HAZ), Dera Ghazi Khan…

Coxsackieviruses in human disease.

The outstanding feature of this group of viruses is the wide spectrum of disease it produces in man. Type B viruses have been associated with gastroenteritis, pleurodynia, pharyngitis, meningoencephalitis, aseptic meningitis, pericarditis, myocarditis and respiratory infections. Type A viruses are associated with herpangina, hand, foot and mouth disease, conjunctivitis, meningoencephalitis and respiratory infections. The diagnostic virology laboratory is developing rapid methods of identification.

Advancements and Challenges in Addressing Zoonotic Viral Infections with Epidemic and Pandemic Threats.

Zoonotic viruses have significant pandemic potential, as evidenced by the coronavirus pandemic, which underscores that zoonotic infections have historically caused numerous outbreaks and millions of deaths over centuries. Zoonotic viruses induce numerous types of illnesses in their natural hosts. These viruses are transmitted to humans via biological vectors, direct contact with infected animals or their bites, and aerosols. Zoonotic viruses continuously evolve and adapt to human hosts, resulting in devastating consequences. It is very important to understand pathogenesis pathways associated w…

Early apoptosis of porcine alveolar macrophages limits avian influenza virus replication and pro-inflammatory dysregulation.

Pigs are evidently more resistant to avian than swine influenza A viruses, mediated in part through frontline epithelial cells and alveolar macrophages (AM). Although porcine AM (PAM) are crucial in influenza virus control, their mode of control is unclear. To gain insight into the possible role of PAM in the mediation of avian influenza virus resistance, we compared the host effects and replication of two avian (H2N3 and H6N1) and three mammalian (swine H1N1, human H1N1 and pandemic H1N1) influenza viruses in PAM. We found that PAM were readily susceptible to initial infection with all five a…

Mechanisms of replication of alpha- and betaherpesviruses and their pathogenesis.

The diseases caused by herpes simplex virus (HSV) and human cytomegalovirus (CMV) differ and distinct differences in biological properties of these viruses can be noticed at laboratory work. Despite of this, the structure of DNA and the replication cycle of both viruses shows remarkably common features. Analogous proteins encoded by both viruses, act at initiation of viral DNA transcription, at viral DNA synthesis, at nucleocapsid formation and envelopment. On other hand, considerable differences occur during maturation of virions and at their egress from infected cells. Both viruses in questi…

Replacement of loop II of VP1 of the DA strain with loop II of the GDVII strain of Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus alters neurovirulence, viral persistence, and demyelination.

Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis viruses, which are murine picornaviruses, can cause central nervous system inflammatory disease. To study the role of loop II in capsid protein VP1, two mutant viruses of strain DA in which DA loop II amino acids were replaced with strain GDVII amino acids were constructed. Infection of mice with the two mutant viruses led to dramatically different patterns of disease.

Host-virus relationships: a sum of many battles.

The spread of pathogenic viruses implies host infection, replication, and virus dissemination. In each step, viruses have to overcome the host defenses designed to neutralize the threat they pose. The host-virus relationship represents a constant multistage battle for power as the host/cell does not voluntarily give in to the viral enemy. Upon infection, cells recognize viral pathogen-associated molecular patterns, activating the innate antiviral defenses. As such, during most of the replication cycle, the virus has to deal with the cellular antiviral response. At this point, it should not be …

[The importance of the vertical transmission of enteroviruses in the epidemiology of congenital viral infections].

A total of 814 newborns were examined using a highly sensitive method of indication of viral antigens. A high incidence of congenital viral infection was revealed: 450 per 1000 live-born children. Enteroviral infections (mainly Coxsackie) ranked first in prevalence. These infections in the newborns are mainly caused by the vertical transmission of enteroviruses from mothers with persistent forms of infections. Virtually all the other viruses (influenza viruses, cytomegalovirus, herpes simplex virus, parainfluenza, measles, and rubella viruses) are detected in the newborns included in the group…

Understanding and controlling pandemic influenza.

Influenza A virus infection is a zoonosis. The natural reservoirs of the viruses are migratory water birds, particularly ducks. Through a process of reassortment of the genomes of avian and human influenza viruses, novel virus strains may arise to which humans are not immune. Such a virus can spread rapidly throughout populations as a pandemic, usually with serious consequences. Effective preparedness for future influenza pandemics depends on robust global surveillance of avian, swine, mammalian, and human influenza and continuous updating of our Library of Influenza Viruses from these hosts t…

Innate immune control of influenza virus interspecies adaptation via IFITM3.

Influenza virus pandemics are caused by viruses from animal reservoirs that adapt to efficiently infect and replicate in human hosts. Here, we investigate whether Interferon-Induced Transmembrane Protein 3 (IFITM3), a host antiviral factor with known human deficiencies, plays a role in interspecies virus infection and adaptation. We find that IFITM3-deficient mice and human cells can be infected with low doses of avian influenza viruses that fail to infect WT counterparts, identifying a new role for IFITM3 in controlling the minimum infectious virus dose threshold. Remarkably, influenza viruse…

Vaccine development for mosquito-borne viral diseases.

Mosquito-borne viral diseases are a group of viral illnesses that are predominantly transmitted by mosquitoes, including viruses from the Togaviridae and Flaviviridae families. In recent years, outbreaks caused by Dengue and Zika viruses from the Flaviviridae family, and Chikungunya virus from the Togaviridae family, have raised significant concerns for public health. However, there are currently no safe and effective vaccines available for these viruses, except for CYD-TDV, which has been licensed for Dengue virus. Efforts to control the transmission of COVID-19, such as home quarantine and t…

Updating the influenza virus library at Hokkaido University -It's potential for the use of pandemic vaccine strain candidates and diagnosis.

Genetic reassortment of influenza A viruses through cross-species transmission contributes to the generation of pandemic influenza viruses. To provide information on the ecology of influenza viruses, we have been conducting a global surveillance of zoonotic influenza and establishing an influenza virus library. Of 4580 influenza virus strains in the library, 3891 have been isolated from over 70 different bird species. The remaining 689 strains were isolated from humans, pigs, horses, seal, whale, and the environment. Phylogenetic analyses of the HA genes of the library isolates demonstrate tha…