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Обязательный экзамен по патологии: лишний или необходимый?

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Clinical impact of checkpoint inhibitors as novel cancer therapies.

Immune responses are tightly regulated via signaling through numerous co-stimulatory and co-inhibitory molecules. Exploitation of these immune checkpoint pathways is one of the mechanisms by which tumors evade and/or escape the immune system. A growing understanding of the biology of immune checkpoints and tumor immunology has led to the development of monoclonal antibodies designed to target co-stimulatory and co-inhibitory molecules in order to re-engage the immune system and restore antitumor immune responses. Anti-cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4) antibodies were among t

Proceedings from the First Onco Summit: LATAM Chapter, 19-20 May 2023, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

The Onco Summit 2023: The Latin American (LATAM) Chapter took place over two days, from 19-20 May 2023, in Brazil. The event aimed to share the latest updates across various oncology disciplines, address critical clinical challenges, and exchange best practices to ensure optimal patient treatment. More than 30 international and regional speakers and more than 300 oncology specialists participated in the Summit. The Summit discussions centered on common challenges and therapeutic advances in cancer care, with a specific focus on the unique obstacles faced in LATAM and examples of adaptable stra

Guideline "diagnosis and non interventional therapy of neuropathic pain" of the German Society of Neurology (deutsche Gesellschaft für Neurologie).

2019 the DGN (Deutsche Gesellschaft für Neurology) published a new guideline on the diagnosis and non-interventional therapy of neuropathic pain of any etiology excluding trigeminal neuralgia and CRPS (complex regional pain syndrome). Neuropathic pain occurs after lesion or damage of the somatosensory system. Besides clinical examination several diagnostic procedures are recommended to assess the function of nociceptive A-delta and C-Fibers (skin biopsy, quantitative sensory testing, Laser-evoked potentials, Pain-evoked potentials, corneal confocal microscopy, axon reflex testing). First line

Practical management of disease-related manifestations and drug toxicities in patients with multiple myeloma.

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a very heterogeneous disease with multiple symptoms and clinical manifestations. MM affects mainly elderly patients and is difficult to manage in the presence of comorbidities, polypharmacy, frailty and adverse events of disease-targeted drugs. The rapid changes in MM treatment resulting from constant innovations in this area, together with the introduction of numerous new drugs with distinct mechanisms of action and toxicity profiles, have led to an increased complexity in the therapeutic decision-making and patient management processes. The prolonged exposure to nove

Non-coding RNA/microRNA-modulatory dietary factors and natural products for improved cancer therapy and prevention: Alkaloids, organosulfur compounds, aliphatic carboxylic acids and water-soluble vitamins.

Non-coding small RNA molecules, the microRNAs (miRNAs), contribute decisively to the epigenetic regulation processes in cancer cells. Problematic pathogenic properties of cancer cells and the response of cancers towards anticancer drugs are highly influenced by miRNAs. Both increased drug activity and formation of tumor resistance are regulated by miRNAs. Further to this, the survival and proliferation of cancer cells and the formation of metastases is based on the modulated expression of certain miRNAs. In particular, drug-resistant cancer stem-like cells (CSCs) depend on the presence and abs

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… Several clinical trials of I3C and DIM have revealed that both I3Ca and DIM were well tolerable and further trials with DIM in prostate cancer patients, in patients with cervical dysplasia and as preventive agent in healthy non-smokers are ongoing [23] . …

Резюме: 31 Европейский конгресс патологии.

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Bone Disease in HIV: Need for Early Diagnosis and Prevention.

The transformation of HIV into a manageable chronic condition has unveiled new clinical challenges associated with aging-related pathologies, including bone disease. This review explores the intricate relationship between HIV, antiretroviral therapy (ART), and bone disease, highlighting the necessity of early diagnosis and preventative strategies to mitigate the increased risk of osteopenia, osteoporosis, and fractures in people living with HIV (PLWHIV). It synthesizes the current literature to elucidate the multifactorial etiology of bone pathology in this population, that includes direct vir

Current Overview of Treatment for Metastatic Bone Disease.

The number of patients with bone metastasis increases as medical management and surgery improve the overall survival of patients with cancer. Bone metastasis can cause skeletal complications, including bone pain, pathological fractures, spinal cord or nerve root compression, and hypercalcemia. Before initiation of treatment for bone metastasis, it is important to exclude primary bone malignancy, which would require a completely different therapeutic approach. It is essential to select surgical methods considering the patient's prognosis, quality of life, postoperative function, and risk of pos

Abstracts of the ICARE 2024 78th SIAARTI National Congress

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Evaluation of Proteasome Inhibitors in the Treatment of Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis.

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is the most common form of idiopathic interstitial pneumonia, and it has a worse prognosis than non-small cell lung cancer. The pathomechanism of IPF is not fully understood, but it has been suggested that repeated microinjuries of epithelial cells induce a wound healing response, during which fibroblasts differentiate into myofibroblasts. These activated myofibroblasts express α smooth muscle actin and release extracellular matrix to promote matrix deposition and tissue remodeling. Under physiological conditions, the remodeling process stops once wound heal

Cannabis, One Health, and Veterinary Medicine: Cannabinoids' Role in Public Health, Food Safety, and Translational Medicine.

Public health is connected to cannabis with regard to food, animal feed (feed), and pharmaceuticals. Therefore, the use of phytocannabinoids should be examined from a One Health perspective. Current knowledge on medical cannabis treatment (MCT) does not address sufficiently diseases which are of epidemiological and of zoonotic concern. The use of cannabinoids in veterinary medicine is illegal in most countries, mostly due to lack of evidence-based medicine. To answer the growing need of scientific evidence-based applicable medicine in both human and veterinary medicine, a new approach for the

New Insights into the Relationship between Gut Microbiota and Radiotherapy for Cancer.

Cancer is the second most common cause of death among humans in the world, and the threat that it presents to human health is becoming more and more serious. The mechanisms of cancer development have not yet been fully elucidated, and new therapies are changing with each passing day. Evidence from the literature has validated the finding that the composition and modification of gut microbiota play an important role in the development of many different types of cancer. The results also demonstrate that there is a bidirectional interaction between the gut microbiota and radiotherapy treatments f

P941 – P1197

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ESCP 36th European Symposium on Clinical Pharmacy ‘Implementing Clinical Pharmacy in Community and Hospital Settings: Sharing the Experience’, Istanbul, Turkey 25–27 October 2007; Abstracts

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Molecular Mechanisms Leading from Periodontal Disease to Cancer.

Periodontitis is prevalent in half of the adult population and raises critical health concerns as it has been recently associated with an increased risk of cancer. While information about the topic remains somewhat scarce, a deeper understanding of the underlying mechanistic pathways promoting neoplasia in periodontitis patients is of fundamental importance. This manuscript presents the literature as well as a panel of tables and figures on the molecular mechanisms of Porphyromonas gingivalis and Fusobacterium nucleatum, two main oral pathogens in periodontitis pathology, involved in instigati

Current Management and the New Paradigm for ALK+ NSCLC After CROWN.

The 7-year update of the phase 3 CROWN study is the most impressive milestone in anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK)+ non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) since the discovery of the oncogene 20 years ago and inaugurates an entire new paradigm. The progression-free survival (PFS) plateau at a high level > 50%, with an estimated very low annual progression rate < 2% after the third year, suggests that lorlatinib can inactivate the disease in most patients. The complete abrogation of on-target resistance abolishes ALK tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) sequencing and will seriously impact future drug dev

Воздействие нефтеперерабатывающих и биотопливных заводов на здоровье человека: карта систематических доказательств и обзор скопирования.

ЦЕЛЬ ОБЗОРА: Нефтеперерабатывающие заводы являются важными источниками выбросов токсичных загрязнителей во всем мире, которые угрожают здоровью работников нефтеперерабатывающих предприятий и близлежащего населения. Мы провели обзор эпидемиологических данных об остром и хроническом воздействии нефтеперерабатывающих и биотопливных заводов на здоровье окружающих общин. Мы провели оценку доказательств с использованием оценок риска предубеждений и зафиксировали полученные результаты на карте доказательств для выявления пробелов в литературе. Мы систематически искали исследования, опубликованные к а

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… . | △ Asthma prevalence △ Asthma-COPD Overlap (ACO) prevalence Reddy et al., 2020 [ 46 ] | India, 2019 | Male non-smokers in villages within 5 km of one refinery, compared to controls matched by age and sex living 80 km away from the same refinery. …

Anti-Inflammatory Drugs as Anticancer Agents.

Inflammation is strictly associated with cancer and plays a key role in tumor development and progression. Several epidemiological studies have demonstrated that inflammation can predispose to tumors, therefore targeting inflammation and the molecules involved in the inflammatory process could represent a good strategy for cancer prevention and therapy. In the past, several clinical studies have demonstrated that many anti-inflammatory agents, including non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), are able to interfere with the tumor microenvironment by reducing cell migration and increasin

A novel method for handling pre-existing conditions in multivariate prediction model development for COVID-19 death in the Department of Veterans Affairs.

Many mathematical models have been proposed to predict death following the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19); all started with comorbidity subsets for this still-little understood disease. Thus, we derived a novel predicted probability of death model (PDeathDx) upon all diagnostic codes documented in the Department of Veterans Affairs. We present the conceptual underpinnings and analytic approach in estimating the independent contribution of pre-existing conditions. This is the largest study to-date following patients with COVID-19 to predict mortality. Cases were identified with at least on