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Non-invasive detection of corneal sub-basal nerve plexus changes in multiple myeloma patients by confocal laser scanning microscopy.

PURPOSE: Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) is a non-invasive technique for cellular in vivo imaging of the human cornea. CLSM screening was evaluated for early detection of corneal nerve morphology changes and neuropathogenic events in different stage multiple myeloma (MM) patients. As MM patients show disease as well as therapy-related neuropathological symptoms, CLSM potentially provides a tool for non-invasive early detection of neuropathogenic events. CLSM findings were compared with the severity of peripheral neuropathic (PNP) symptoms. METHODS: The study enrolled 25 MM patients

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… Abnormal enlargement of these bulb structures with a diameter of up to 24 µm were described in corneal buttons of patients with advanced keratoconus and in bullous keratopathy [ 15 , 16 ]. … Al-Aqaba M.A., Faraj L., Fares U., Otri A.M. and Dua H.S. (2011) The morphologic characteristics of corneal nerves in advanced keratoconus as evaluated by acetylcholinesterase technique. Am. J. Ophthalmol. 152, 364.e1–376.e1 10.1016/j.ajo.2011.03.006 17. …

Topical Losartan for Treating Corneal Haze After Ultraviolet-A/Riboflavin Collagen Cross-Linking.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to report our first clinical experience using topical losartan for the treatment of severe corneal haze after epithelium-off corneal cross-linking (CXL). METHODS: A 20-year-old man presented with clinically significant corneal haze in the right eye 1 month following Ultraviolet-A/Riboflavin Epithelium-off Collagen CXL. Haze progressed to a deep stromal scar, and vision was 20/150 with no improvement on refraction, 60 days after CXL. After unsuccessful treatment with topical corticosteroids, the patient elected to start off-label treatment with topical lo

Low light visual function after accelerated corneal Cross-Linking Protocols: 18 mW/cm2 vs. 9 mW/cm2.

Objective. To compare one-year results of vision, corneal aberrometry and contrast sensitivity (CS) in low light conditions between 5- and 10-minute accelerated cross-linking (CXL) protocols. Methods. Thirty eyes were evaluated in each studied group. Uncorrected (UDVA) and corrected (CDVA) distance visual acuity by the SC-2000 Snellen chart, corneal higher order aberrations using the OPD Scan III and CS using MonCv3System was tested under mesopic (20 lux) and scotopic (0.5 lux) light conditions at pre-CXL and 6 and 12 months post-CXL. Results. At 12 months, a mean improvement of 0.06±0.22 (22.

Burden of ophthalmologic disorders in obstructive sleep apnea.

BACKGROUND: Although the impact of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSA) on cardiovascular morbidity is well documented, ocular complicatio … s been identified as a significant risk factor for various eye conditions, including glaucoma (GC), keratoconus, and diabetic retinopathy (DR). The prevalence of these conditions among patients with OSA is higher than in the general population. Although some studies suggest a link between OSA and ophthalmologic disorders, others dispute this association, as t …

Assessing the possibility of using large language models in ocular surface diseases.

AIM: To assess the possibility of using different large language models (LLMs) in ocular surface diseases by selecting five different LLMS t … m questions. The exam includes questions on the following topics: keratitis disease (20 questions), keratoconus, keratomalaciac, corneal dystrophy, corneal degeneration, erosive corneal ulcers, and corneal lesions associated with systemic diseases (20 questions), conjunctivitis disease (20 questions), trachoma, pterygoid and conjunctival tumor diseases (20 qu …

Systemic immuno-inflammatory index in patients with pseudoexfoliation syndrome and pseudoexfoliative glaucoma.

BACKGROUND: In recent years, the role of some hematological parameters used as chronic inflammation markers in the pathogenesis of many ocular and systemic diseases has been investigated. For ocular diseases such as uveitis, keratoconus, and retinal vein occlusion, the neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and systemic immune-inflammatory index (SII) have been reported to be useful inflammatory biomarkers. It has also been reported that low-grade chronic inflammation plays a role in the formation of pseudoexfoliation. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the NLR, SII, and platelet-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) in pat…

Case Report: Gonio-endoscopy: a novel approach to minimally invasive glaucoma surgery in a glaucomatous eye.

BACKGROUND: The gonio-endoscope is a novel device for use during minimally invasive glaucoma surgery (MIGS) to treat glaucomatous eyes with … is and allergic conjunctivitis. His left eye had a cloudy cornea after penetrating keratoplasty for keratoconus with severe corneal residual scarring after prior resolved corneal hydrops. When the intraocular pressure (IOP) in his left eye increased to 41 mmHg despite the maximum use of anti-glaucoma eyedrops, he was referred to our hospital. Anterior-segment …

Tear Lipocalin and Lipocalin-Interacting Membrane Receptor.

Tear lipocalin is a primate protein that was recognized as a lipocalin from the homology of the primary sequence. The protein is most concen … diseases including breast cancer, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, diabetic retinopathy, and keratoconus. The functional possibilities of tear lipocalin dramatically expanded when a putative receptor, lipocalin-interacting membrane receptor was identified. However, opposing studies claim that lipocalin-interacting membrane receptor is not specific for …

Identification of the novel SDR42E1 gene that affects steroid biosynthesis associated with the oculocutaneous genital syndrome.

Hereditary connective tissue diseases form a heterogeneous group of disorders that affect collagen and extracellular matrix components. The … examinations showed that the two affected boys presented with thinning of the cornea, blue sclera, keratoconus, hyperelasticity of the skin, joint hypermobility, muscle weakness, hearing loss and dental abnormalities that are compatible with the diagnosis of BCS disease. They showed however additional clinical signs including micropenis, hypospadias and cryp …

Floppy Eyelid Syndrome: An Unfamiliar Entity for Plastic Surgeons.

BACKGROUND: Floppy eyelid syndrome (FES) is typically characterized by chronic eye irritation and an increased laxity of the upper eyelid th … often associated with both ocular and systemic morbidities, most notably papillary conjunctivitis, keratoconus, and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Decades of research into the pathogenesis has lent further recognition linking the eyelid floppiness with a loss of elastic fibers, an increased expression of matrix metalloproteinases, and possible collagen gene …

High-resolution quantitative imaging of cornea elasticity using supersonic shear imaging.

The noninvasive estimation of in vivo mechanical properties of cornea is envisioned to find several applications in ophthalmology. Such high-resolution measurements of local cornea stiffness could lead to a better anticipation and understanding of corneal pathologies such as Keratoconus. It could also provide a quantitative evaluation of corneal biomechanical response after corneal refractive surgeries and a tool for evaluating the efficacy of new cornea treatments such as cornea transplant using femtosecond laser or therapy based on Riboflavin/UltraViolet-A Corneal Cross Linking (UVA CXL). In…

Indications for and outcomes of repeat penetrating keratoplasty, 1989-1995.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the indications for and outcomes of repeat penetrating keratoplasty over a 7-year period and compare them to a simila … t (20%, 44 of 223), Fuchs' dystrophy (11%, 24 of 223), aphakic bullous keratopathy (9%, 21 of 223), keratoconus (8%, 17 of 223), and herpes simplex keratitis (6%, 14 of 223). Compared with the prior study period of 1983 to 1988, an increase was revealed in the incidence of failed graft (11% to 20%, P = 0.03), and a decrease was revealed in the incidence of ap …

The spatial organization of apical junctional complex-associated proteins in feline and human corneal endothelium.

PURPOSE: Previous studies suggest that proteins associated with the apical junctional complex (AJC) play essential roles in the development, maintenance and regulation of barrier function in transport epithelium and vascular endothelium. The goal of this study is to identify and determine the spatial organization of several major AJC-associated proteins in normal human and feline corneal endothelium. METHODS: Fresh corneal tissue was obtained from 4 recipient buttons removed during penetrating keratoplasty (two from keratoconus patients, and two from patients with post-traumatic stromal scarr…

Revisiting the Safety of the Corneal Collagen Crosslinking Procedure: Evaluation of the Effect of Ultraviolet A Radiation on Retinal Function and Structure.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effect of ultraviolet A radiation on retinal function and structure after the corneal collagen crosslinking procedure. METHODS: In the present prospective, single-center cohort study 17 eyes of 17 patients who underwent collagen crosslinking (Dresden protocol) for the treatment of corneal ectasia were examined preoperatively and at 2 and 6 weeks postoperatively with multifocal electroretinogram and optical coherence tomography. The P1 amplitude density (P1-AD) of the central retinal response was documented in 5 concentric rings, with ring 1 (R1) representing the fovea

Phospho-valproic acid (MDC-1112) reduces pancreatic cancer growth in patient-derived tumor xenografts and KPC mice: enhanced efficacy when combined with gemcitabine.

New chemotherapeutic agents are needed for pancreatic cancer (PC). We have previously shown that phospho-valproic acid (MDC-1112) is effective in cell-line xenografts of PC. Here, we explored whether MDC-1112 is effective in additional clinically relevant animal models of PC and whether MDC-1112 enhances the anticancer effect of clinically used chemotherapeutic agents. MDC-1112 alone strongly reduced patient-derived pancreatic tumor xenograft growth, and extended survival of LSL-KrasG12D/+; LSL-Trp53R172H/+; Pdx1-Cre (KPC) mice. In both models, MDC-1112 inhibited STAT3 activation and its downs

Intrastromal corneal ring segment implantation for ectasia after refractive surgery.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the clinical outcomes of intrastromal corneal ring segment (ICRS) implantation to correct ectasia in eyes with prior refractive surgery. METHODS: Forty-one eyes of 25 patients (13 men, 12 women; mean age, 28.66 years) with ectasia after refractive surgery [photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) or laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK)] were included in a nonrandomized, retrospective, observational case series. Corneal tunnels were created by mechanical dissection in all eyes. Main outcome measures included uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA), best spectacle-corrected visual acuity

Distribution of radii of curvature of anterior and posterior best fit sphere in a normal population: the Tehran Eye Study.

PURPOSE: To determine the distribution and determinants of the radii of curvature of the anterior and posterior best fit spheres (ABFS and PBFS) of the cornea in a sample from the general normal population of Tehran. METHODS: A stratified random cluster sampling was used to select samples from the first 4 districts of Tehran proportionate to the population of each stratum. We examined the distribution of the ABFS and PBFS, as measured with the Orbscan II in different groups of age, sex, and refractive error, and determined their relationship with other variables by using both univariate and m

Diagnosis of steroid-induced elevated intraocular pressure and associated lamellar keratitis after laser in situ keratomileusis using optical coherence tomography.

A 52-year-old man had laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) for treatment of a post-keratoplasty refractive error. At the 6-week postoperative visit, haziness was noted in the donor cornea and Snellen visual acuity had decreased to 20/400. Goldmann applanation tonometry revealed an intraocular pressure (IOP) of 2 mm Hg at the center of the cornea but an elevated IOP at the periphery. Visante optical coherence tomography (OCT) and corneal topography were performed, and steroid-induced lamellar keratitis (SILK) was diagnosed. Topical antiglaucoma medications were started, and steroid treatment wa

Complication and failure rates after corneal crosslinking.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the complication rate of corneal crosslinking (CXL) for primary keratectasia and to develop recommendations for avoiding complications. SETTING: Institut für Refraktive und Ophthalmo-Chirurgie, Zurich, Switzerland. METHODS: In a prospective study, eyes with verified progressive keratectasia had standard CXL. Preoperative and 6- and 12-month postoperative examinations included corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA), slitlamp evaluation, applanation tonometry, and Scheimpflug imaging (Pentacam). Statistical analysis included analysis of variance and the Mann-Whitney U tes