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Insulin therapy in type 2 diabetes.

OBJECTIVE: To review the increasingly common use of insulin therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes and the practical aspects of initiating insulin therapy in these patients. DATA SOURCES: Recent scientific and clinical literature identified through MEDLINE searches for the years 1995-2001 using the terms oral agents, type 2 diabetes, insulin therapy, glycemic control and diabetic complications, glucose toxicity, insulin lispro, insulin aspart, and insulin glargine. STUDY SECTION: Reports of key large (1,000 patients or more) and significant smaller, randomized, controlled clinical trials we

Intravenous immunoglobulins: clinical experience and viral safety.

OBJECTIVES: To discuss the current procedures and processes by which viral safety is ensured for intravenous immunoglobulins (IVIGs), to place in context the current increase in clinical indications for IVIGs, and to describe the safety issues that have led to product shortages. DATA SOURCES: Articles on viral safety retrieved from MEDLINE using the search terms gamma globulin, intravenous, adverse reaction, and infection and information from the manufacturers' literature and Food and Drug Administration package inserts. STUDY SELECTION AND DATA EXTRACTION: Studies that specifically addresse

Prevention and management of colorectal cancer in women.

OBJECTIVE: To review prevention and management strategies for colorectal cancer, with an emphasis on studies pertaining to women. DATA SOURCES: Articles published from January 1990 through February 2001 identified through a MEDLINE search using the term colorectal cancer and the additional terms screening, prevention, and treatment. Additional references were identified from the bibliographies of the retrieved articles. DATA SYNTHESIS: Colorectal cancer is the third most common non-skin cancer in women, after breast and lung cancers. Many women underestimate their risk of colorectal cancer,

Endometriosis: an overview of the disease and its treatment.

OBJECTIVE: To review endometriosis, its etiology, clinical presentation, and current management options. DATA SOURCES: Published articles identified through MEDLINE (1966-2000) using the search term "endometriosis" and the additional terms "etiology" and "treatment." Additional articles were identified from the bibliographies of the retrieved articles. DATA SYNTHESIS: Endometriosis, a disease that affects the physical health and emotional well-being of many women of reproductive age, is defined as the presence of endometrial tissue outside its normal location in the uterus. The disease range

New drugs of 1999.

OBJECTIVE: To provide information regarding the most important properties of the new therapeutic agents marketed in 1999. DATA SOURCES: Published studies, drug information reference sources, and product labeling. DATA SYNTHESIS: In 1999, 28 new therapeutic agents were marketed. The indications and information on dosage and administration for each new agent are reviewed, as are the most important pharmacokinetic properties, adverse events, drug interactions, and other precautions. Practical considerations for the use of the new agents are also discussed. Where possible, the properties of the

Eating disorders: current concepts.

OBJECTIVE: To review for the community pharmacist common eating disorders and suggest strategies for pharmacist-directed patient education. DATA SOURCES: Current literature. DATA SYNTHESIS: Women are much more likely than men to develop eating disorders, and Western culture's emphasis on thinness contributes to the prevalence of eating disorders in the United States. Regardless of the type, all eating disorders are rooted in emotions, often traced to problems during adolescence. Anorexia nervosa patients continually set and strive to obtain lower goal weights to the point that their general

New drugs of 1998.

OBJECTIVE: To provide information regarding the most important properties of the new therapeutic agents marketed in 1998. DATA SOURCES: Published studies, drug information reference sources, and product labeling. DATA SYNTHESIS: In 1998, 44 new therapeutic agents were marketed. The indications and information on dosage and administration for each new agent are reviewed, as are the most important pharmacokinetic properties, adverse events, drug interactions, and other precautions. Practical considerations for the use of the new agents are also discussed. Where possible, the properties of the

Treatment of vaginal infections: candidiasis, bacterial vaginosis, and trichomoniasis.

OBJECTIVE: To describe the signs and symptoms of and recommend treatments for Candida vulvovaginitis, bacterial vaginosis, and Trichomonas vaginitis. DATA SOURCES: Current clinical literature. DATA SYNTHESIS: Patients with candidal vulvovaginitis often present with itching, burning, white discharge, vulvar or vaginal erythema, painful intercourse, and stinging on urination. It is treated with oral or topical antifungal agents. Bacterial vaginosis is characterized by a musty or fishy vaginal odor and a thin, white vaginal discharge. It is treated with oral or topical metronidazole or clindamy

Extemporaneous preparation of antibiotic ophthalmic solutions.

Until the introduction of ocular ciprofloxacin, the standard of practice in treating bacterial corneal ulcers required topical antibiotic ophthalmic solutions that were either not commercially available or not available in the higher concentrations needed. A survey was mailed to 125 hospital pharmacies and 125 community pharmacies in Oklahoma to determine the availability of extemporaneously prepared antibiotic ophthalmic solutions. Of 72 hospital pharmacies and 60 community pharmacies that responded, 17 hospital and 2 community pharmacies reported that they do compound these solutions. The ma

Thalidomide for refractory gastrointestinal bleeding from vascular malformations in patients with significant comorbidities.

BackgroundRefractory gastrointestinal bleeding (GIB) secondary to gastrointestinal vascular malformations (GIVM) such as gastrointestinal angiodysplasia (GIAD) and gastric antral vascular ectasia (GAVE) remains challenging to treat when endoscopic therapy fails. Recently thalidomide has been suggested as a treatment option for refractory GIB.AimTo determine the outcome of patients treated with thalidomide for refractory GIB due to GIVM.MethodsIRB approved, single center, retrospective review of electronic medical records from January 2012 to November 2018. Patients age > 18 years old, who had

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… The institutional review board at Washington University in St. Louis, Missouri approved the study. … Chien-Huan Chen, Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States. chen330@wustl.edu. References 1. Junquera F, Saperas E, de Torres I, Vidal MT, Malagelada JR. …

Дифференцирование патологии острого рассеянного энцефаломиэлита от множественного склероза у детей с использованием диффузных магнитно-резонансных биомаркеров.

ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ патологических различий у пациентов с педиатрическим множественным склерозом (POMS) и острым распространением энцефаломиелита (ADEM) с использованием диффузных снимков на основе ДИИ и спектральной съемки на основе диффузии (DBSI). МЕТОДЫ: Пятнадцать детей с ПОМС и восемь детей с АДЕМ прошли курс ДТИ и ДБСИ. Сопоставление показателей диффузности DTI и DBSI для POMS (31 сканирование) и ADEM (17 сканирование) было проведено в качестве группового сопоставления и объединения с течением времени. РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ: В ходе однократного анализа средних показателей БДСИ и ДТИ с течением времени до

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… Materials and Methods Human subjects Procedures were approved by the Institutional Review Board of Washington University. We obtained consents from a parent/guardian and assents from children who were older than seven years. … DTI/DBSI metric maps were computed using an in-house MATLAB software developed at the Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology of Washington University in St. …

Risk and Outcome of Breakthrough COVID-19 Infections in Vaccinated Patients With Cancer: Real-World Evidence From the National COVID Cohort Collaborative.

PurposeTo provide real-world evidence on risks and outcomes of breakthrough COVID-19 infections in vaccinated patients with cancer using the largest national cohort of COVID-19 cases and controls.MethodsWe used the National COVID Cohort Collaborative (N3C) to identify breakthrough infections between December 1, 2020, and May 31, 2021. We included patients partially or fully vaccinated with mRNA COVID-19 vaccines with no prior SARS-CoV-2 infection record. Risks for breakthrough infection and severe outcomes were analyzed using logistic regression.ResultsA total of 6,860 breakthrough cases were

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… Medications with major immunosuppressive effects were identified through cross-referencing Physicians' Cancer Chemotherapy Drug Manual 2021 (ISBN 1284230139) and The Washington Manual Hematology and Oncology Subspecialty Consult (ISBN 1496328086). … : Institute of Translational Health Sciences • Washington University in St Louis—UL1TR002345: Institute of Clinical and Translational Sciences • Oregon Health & Science University—UL1TR002369: Oregon Clinical and Translational Research Institute • University of Wisconsin-Madison—UL1TR002373: UW Institute …

Preferences and Priorities for Relapsed Multiple Myeloma Treatments Among Patients and Caregivers in the United States.

Introduction/backgroundThis study aimed to describe patient and caregiver preferences for treatments of relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma (MM).Materials and methodsA survey including discrete-choice experiment (DCE) and best-worst scaling (BWS) exercises was conducted among US patients with relapsed or refractory MM and their caregivers. The DCE included six attributes with varying levels including progression-free survival (PFS), toxicity, and mode and frequency of administration. In addition, the impact of treatment cost was assessed using a fixed-choice question. The BWS exercise incl

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… The first 20 patients and 9 caregivers were recruited through Hackensack University Medical Center, Virginia Cancer Specialists, and the Washington University School of Medicine. Final pretests with 11 patients and 15 caregivers were recruited through L&E Research. … | I am caring for my spouse or significant other | 25 (78.1%) Other | 7 (21.9%) Recruitment site | CoMMpass Patient Support Center | 2 (6.3%) Virginia Cancer Specialists | 8 (25.0%) Washington University School of Medicine | 9 (28.1%) Mount Sinai Hospital | 9 (28.1%) Hackensack University Medical Center …

Guidelines for the use of survivorship care plans: a systematic quality appraisal using the AGREE II instrument.

BackgroundSurvivorship care plans (SCPs) are written treatment summaries and follow-up care plans that are intended to facilitate communication and coordination of care among survivors, cancer care providers, and primary care providers. A growing number of guidelines for the use of SCPs exist, yet SCP use in the United States remains limited. Limited use of SCPs may be due to poor quality of these guidelines. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the quality of guidelines for SCP use, tools that are intended to promote evidence-based medicine.MethodsWe conducted a comprehensive search of th

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… Washington D.C: National Academies Press; 2007. 26. Blaseg K, Kile M, Salner A. Survivorship & palliative care: a comprehensive approach to a survivorship care plan. Oncology Issues. 2011;May/June:26. 27. … American Cancer Society National Cancer Survivorship Resource Center systems policy and practice: clinical survivorship care overview 2011 Washington, D.C. The George Washington Cancer Institute 29. The Livestrong Essential Elements of Survivorship Care. …

Непрозрачная онтология: нейроимAGING классификация групп диагнозов ICD-10 в UK Biobank.

Фон. Использование машинного обучения для классификации диагностических случаев по сравнению с контролем, определенным на основе диагностических онтологий, таких как десятая редакция Международной классификации болезней (ICD-10), на основе нейровизуальных признаков, сейчас является распространенной практикой в широком спектре диагностических областей. Однако сравнения, которые пересекают диагностику (transdiagnostic), таких классификаций отсутствуют. Такие трансдиагностические сравнения важны для определения специфичности классификационных моделей, установления бенчмарков и оценки ценности диа

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… Contributor Information Ty Easley, Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri 63110, USA. Xiaoke Luo, Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri 63110, USA. … Kayla Hannon, Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri 63110, USA. Petra Lenzini, Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri 63110, USA. …

Библиометрический анализ исследований по проблемам инвалидности в Саудовской Аравии: меняющиеся тенденции, тематическое картирование и пробелы.

ЦЕЛИ: Определение ключевых тенденций и влиятельных авторов и учреждений, составление тематических карт и определение последних изменений и пробелов в исследованиях по проблемам инвалидности в Саудовской Аравии. МЕТОДЫ: Исследование было начато в июне 2024 года, и данные были проанализированы в июле 2024 года в Аль-Ахсе, Саудовская Аравия. В ходе анализа использовались библиометрические методы, такие, как библиометрическое сцепление и тематическое картирование с использованием VOSviewer и RStudio с пакетом Bibliometrix. Результаты: Библиометрический анализ выявил в общей сложности 3080 публикац

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… Prominent countries include the United States, Iran, Australia, and Saudi Arabia, with leading institutions like King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, and the University of Washington, Washington, United States. … aligned with Saudi Arabia’s Vision 2030, which emphasizes community participation and the well-being of individuals with disabilities. 19 , 20 A Sankey diagram and co-authorship analyses revealed that institutions such as King Saud University, King Faisal Specialist Hospital, and the University of Washington …

Sclerotic prostate cancer bone metastasis: woven bone lesions with a twist.

Bone metastases are the most severe and prevalent consequences of prostate cancer (PC), affecting more than 80% of patients with advanced PC. PCBMs generate pain, pathological fractures, and paralysis. As modern therapies increase survival, more patients are suffering from these catastrophic consequences. Radiographically, PCBMs are predominantly osteosclerotic, but the mechanisms of abnormal bone formation and how this pathological increase in bone density is related to fractures are unclear. In this study, we conducted a comprehensive analysis on a cohort of 76 cadaveric PCBM specimens and 1

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… Materials and methods Cadaveric vertebral metastasis of PC samples All described procedures were approved by the institutional review boards at University of Washington (2341) and University of British Columbia (H21-02668). … All patients provided written informed consent for a rapid autopsy to be performed ideally within 4 h of death, under the Prostate Cancer Donor Program at the University of Washington Medical Center. 16 As control samples, we obtained 12 vertebrae from 4 age-matched male donors from the University of …

Acid sphingomyelinase deficiency in France: a retrospective survival study.

BACKGROUND: Acid sphingomyelinase deficiency (ASMD) or Niemann-Pick disease types A, A/B, and B is a progressive, life-limiting, autosomal recessive disorder caused by sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase 1 (SMPD1) gene mutations. There is a need to increase the understanding of morbidity and mortality across children to adults diagnosed with ASMD. METHODS: This observational retrospective survey analysed medical records of patients with ASMD with retrievable data from 27 hospitals in France, diagnosed/followed up between 1st January 1990 and 31st December 2020. Eligible records were abstracted to

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… Seattle (WA): University of Washington, Seattle Copyright © 1993–2022, University of Washington, Seattle 2021 GeneReviews is a registered trademark of the University of Washington, Seattle. All rights reserved. Wasserstein MP, Schuchman EH. Acid sphingomyelinase deficiency. … Seattle (WA): University of Washington, Seattle Copyright © 1993–2022, University of Washington, Seattle. GeneReviews is a registered trademark of the University of Washington, Seattle. All rights reserved.; 2021. 14. …