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Advances and prospects in cell therapy for cancer: explorations from T cells to stem cells.

The increasing global burden of cancer necessitates innovative therapeutic strategies. Cell therapy represents a major breakthrough in oncology, evolving rapidly from the successful application of chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cells in hematologic malignancies to a multiplatform landscape characterized by the concurrent development of diverse strategies. Current research focuses on T cell receptor-engineered T (TCR-T) cells, tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), gamma delta (γδ) T cells, CAR-natural killer (CAR-NK) cells, CAR-macrophages (CAR-Ms), and various strategies based on dendrit

Circadian clock and cancer.

Circadian rhythms play a critical role in regulating physiological and behavioral processes, such as the sleep-wake cycle, hormone secretion, and metabolism. These rhythms are controlled by endogenous biological clocks, which are synchronized with environmental cues, primarily the light-dark cycle. Notably, disruption or reprogramming of circadian rhythms is closely associated with cancer initiation, progression, and treatment response. At the molecular level, the dysregulation of core clock genes can disturb normal cellular rhythms, leading to aberrant cell proliferation, impaired DNA repair,

Pathogenesis and kidney prognosis of renal amyloidosis.

Light chain (AL), serum amyloid A (AA), transthyretin (ATTR), leukocyte cell derived chemotaxin 2 (ALECT2), and fibrinogen Aa (AFib) amyloidosis are some of the most common types of protein-deposition disorders involving the kidney. Each amyloidogenic protein differs in its origin and little is known about the exact mechanisms that govern renal tropism and tissue injury for each amyloid subtype. While amyloidogenic precursor protein is different in each subtype of amyloidosis, its aggregation into fibrils depositing in target organs and leading to disruption of tissue architecture and progress

Pyoderma gangrenosum: pathogenetic mechanisms and their implications for treatment.

Pyoderma gangrenosum (PG) is a rare inflammatory skin disease belonging to the group of neutrophilic dermatoses. The pathogenesis of PG involves a predisposing genetic background that facilitates a dysregulated innate and adaptive immune response, with an imbalance between pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory mediators, leading to neutrophil-driven inflammatory damage. Several immunosuppressants and immunomodulatory drugs are currently available for the treatment of PG, in combination with topical therapies, wound management and pain control strategies. Systemic corticosteroids and cyclospor

Изучение точных методов лечения иммунизированных подстрекательских заболеваний: использование бесконечного потенциала доставки нуклеиновой кислоты.

Неизлечимые подстрекательские заболевания (ИМИД) создают неизмеримое бремя для отдельных лиц и общества. В то время как традиционное использование иммунодепрессантов и лекарственных средств для борьбы с заболеваниями обеспечивает частичную помощь и контроль, их неизбежные побочные эффекты и ограниченная эффективность ставят под сомнение возможность найти лекарство. Перспективные лекарства от нуклеиновой кислоты продемонстрировали способность оказывать точное воздействие на молекулярном уровне, при этом различные классы нуклеиновых кислот выполняют регулирующие функции с помощью различных механ

Dissecting the Crosstalk Between Nrf2 and NF-κB Response Pathways in Drug-Induced Toxicity.

Nrf2 and NF-κB are important regulators of the response to oxidative stress and inflammation in the body. Previous pharmacological and genetic studies have confirmed crosstalk between the two. The deficiency of Nrf2 elevates the expression of NF-κB, leading to increased production of inflammatory factors, while NF-κB can affect the expression of downstream target genes by regulating the transcription and activity of Nrf2. At the same time, many therapeutic drug-induced organ toxicities, including hepatotoxicity, nephrotoxicity, cardiotoxicity, pulmonary toxicity, dermal toxicity, and neurotoxi

A Systematic Review of Glioblastoma-Targeted Therapies in Phases II, III, IV Clinical Trials.

Glioblastoma (GBM), the most frequent and aggressive glial tumor, is currently treated as first line by the Stupp protocol, which combines, after surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy. For recurrent GBM, in absence of standard treatment or available clinical trials, various protocols including cytotoxic drugs and/or bevacizumab are currently applied. Despite these heavy treatments, the mean overall survival of patients is under 18 months. Many clinical studies are underway. Based on clinicaltrials.org and conducted up to 1 April 2020, this review lists, not only main, but all targeted therapi

Mechanisms of Chemotherapy-Induced Neurotoxicity.

Since the first clinical trials conducted after World War II, chemotherapeutic drugs have been extensively used in the clinic as the main cancer treatment either alone or as an adjuvant therapy before and after surgery. Although the use of chemotherapeutic drugs improved the survival of cancer patients, these drugs are notorious for causing many severe side effects that significantly reduce the efficacy of anti-cancer treatment and patients' quality of life. Many widely used chemotherapy drugs including platinum-based agents, taxanes, vinca alkaloids, proteasome inhibitors, and thalidomide ana

Прогресс в оказании поддержки в проведении обзора по множественным болезням, связанным с миеломой.

Множественная миелома (ММ) — неизлечимая порча плазменных клеток, характеризующаяся увеличением производства моноклонального иммуноглобулина. Пациенты с ММ подвержены высокому риску возникновения осложнений, связанных с заболеваниями. Остеолитическая болезнь костей one - из наиболее распространенных осложнений, связанных с заболеваниями, которые приводят к хронической боли и патологии скелета, что в значительной степени способствует высоким уровням заболеваемости и смертности среди пациентов с ОМ. Помимо стандартной антиММ-терапии, для улучшения качества жизни пациентов, страдающих ММ, необход

Nanoparticles for Targeted Drug Delivery to Cancer Stem Cells: A Review of Recent Advances.

Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are a subpopulation of cells that can initiate, self-renew, and sustain tumor growth. CSCs are responsible for tumor metastasis, recurrence, and drug resistance in cancer therapy. CSCs reside within a niche maintained by multiple unique factors in the microenvironment. These factors include hypoxia, excessive levels of angiogenesis, a change of mitochondrial activity from aerobic aspiration to aerobic glycolysis, an upregulated expression of CSC biomarkers and stem cell signaling, and an elevated synthesis of the cytochromes P450 family of enzymes responsible for drug

Eternal Youth: A Comprehensive Exploration of Gene, Cellular, and Pharmacological Anti-Aging Strategies.

The improvement of human living conditions has led to an increase in average life expectancy, creating a new social and medical problem-aging, which diminishes the overall quality of human life. The aging process of the body begins with the activation of effector signaling pathways of aging in cells, resulting in the loss of their normal functions and deleterious effects on the microenvironment. This, in turn, leads to chronic inflammation and similar transformations in neighboring cells. The cumulative retention of these senescent cells over a prolonged period results in the deterioration of

Anti-cancer mechanisms of action of therapeutic alternating electric fields (tumor treating fields [TTFields]).

Despite improved survival outcomes across many cancer types, the prognosis remains grim for certain solid organ cancers including glioblastoma and pancreatic cancer. Invariably in these cancers, the control achieved by time-limited interventions such as traditional surgical resection, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy is short-lived. A new form of anti-cancer therapy called therapeutic alternating electric fields (AEFs) or tumor treating fields (TTFields) has been shown, either by itself or in combination with chemotherapy, to have anti-cancer effects that translate to improved survival outc

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… TTFields suppressed angiogenesis by downregulating matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP2), MMP9, vascular endothelial growth factor, and hypoxia-inducible factor 1 genes that are known to promote tumor growth, angiogenesis, and metastasis ( Kim et al., 2016 ; Oh et al., 2020 ). …

Proceedings 27th Symposium ESVN‐ECVN

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Natural Products as Anticancer Agents: Current Status and Future Perspectives.

Natural products have been an invaluable and useful source of anticancer agents over the years. Several compounds have been synthesized from natural products by modifying their structures or by using naturally occurring compounds as building blocks in the synthesis of these compounds for various purposes in different fields, such as biology, medicine, and engineering. Multiple modern and costly treatments have been applied to combat cancer and limit its lethality, but the results are not significantly refreshing. Natural products, which are a significant source of new therapeutic drugs, are cu

Bispecific Antibodies for Multiple Myeloma: A Review of Targets, Drugs, Clinical Trials, and Future Directions.

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a plasma cell malignancy and the second most common hematological neoplasm in adults, comprising 1.8% of all cancers. With an annual incidence of ~30,770 cases in the United States, MM has a high mortality rate, leading to 12,770 deaths per year. MM is a genetically complex, highly heterogeneous malignancy, with significant inter- and intra-patient clonal variability. Recent years have witnessed dramatic improvements in the diagnostics, classification, and treatment of MM. However, patients with high-risk disease have not yet benefited from therapeutic advances. High-r

Tumour Immunotherapy and Applications of Immunological Products: A Review of Literature.

Malignant tumors, characterized by uncontrolled cell proliferation, are a leading global health challenge, responsible for over 9.7 million deaths in 2022, with new cases expected to rise to 35 million annually by 2050. Immunotherapy is preferred to other cancer therapies, offering precise targeting of malignant cells while simultaneously strengthening the immune system's complex responses. Advances in this novel field of science have been closely linked to a deeper knowledge of tumor biology, particularly the intricate interplay between tumor cells, the immune system, and the tumor microenvir

The sirtuin family in health and disease.

Sirtuins (SIRTs) are nicotine adenine dinucleotide(+)-dependent histone deacetylases regulating critical signaling pathways in prokaryotes and eukaryotes, and are involved in numerous biological processes. Currently, seven mammalian homologs of yeast Sir2 named SIRT1 to SIRT7 have been identified. Increasing evidence has suggested the vital roles of seven members of the SIRT family in health and disease conditions. Notably, this protein family plays a variety of important roles in cellular biology such as inflammation, metabolism, oxidative stress, and apoptosis, etc., thus, it is considered a

Novel therapeutic approaches for pulmonary fibrosis.

Pulmonary fibrosis represents the end stage of a number of heterogeneous conditions and is, to a greater or lesser degree, the hallmark of the interstitial lung diseases. It is characterized by the excessive deposition of extracellular matrix proteins within the pulmonary interstitium leading to the obliteration of functional alveolar units and in many cases, respiratory failure. While a small number of interstitial lung diseases have known aetiologies, most are idiopathic in nature, and of these, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is the most common and carries with it an appalling prognosis - med

Clinical antitumor application and pharmacological mechanisms of Dahuang Zhechong Pill.

Cancer still has elevated morbidity and mortality, which undoubtedly impacts the life quality of affected individuals. Remarkable advances have been made in cancer therapy, although the toxicities of traditional therapies remain an obvious challenge. Dahuang Zhechong Pill (DHZCP), developed by Zhongjing Zhang in the Synopsis of the Golden Chamber, represents an effective anticancer traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). In this review, it was found that DHZCP is therapeutically utilized in liver, lung, gastric, pancreatic and other cancers in clinic. Pharmacological evidence showed that its anti-

Dietary acrylamide intake and the risk of lymphatic malignancies: the Netherlands Cohort Study on diet and cancer.

BackgroundAcrylamide, a probable human carcinogen, is present in many everyday foods. Since the finding of its presence in foods in 2002, epidemiological studies have found some suggestive associations between dietary acrylamide exposure and the risk of various cancers. The aim of this prospective study is to investigate for the first time the association between dietary acrylamide intake and the risk of several histological subtypes of lymphatic malignancies.MethodsThe Netherlands Cohort Study on diet and cancer includes 120,852 men and women followed-up since September 1986. The number of pe