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Current status of cancer immunotherapy.

To prove clinical benefits of cancer vaccine is currently difficult, except for one phase III trial has documented improved overall survival with the vaccine, Sipuleucel-T, although induction of anti-tumor immune responses through cancer vaccine is theoretically promising and would be straightforward. In contrast, immune checkpoint blockade with anti-CTLA4 mAb and anti-PD-1 mAb has demonstrated clear evidence of objective responses including improved overall survival and tumor shrinkage, driving renewed enthusiasm for cancer immunotherapy in multiple cancer types. In addition, there is a promi

Canine Cancer: Strategies in Experimental Therapeutics.

Cancer is the most common cause of death in adult dogs. Many features of spontaneously developing tumors in pet dogs contribute to their potential utility as a human disease model. These include similar environmental exposures, similar clonal evolution as it applies to important factors such as immune avoidance, a favorable body size for imaging and serial biopsy, and a relatively contracted time course of disease progression, which makes evaluation of temporal endpoints such as progression free or overall survival feasible in a comparatively short time frame. These criteria have been leverage

Геномическая архитектура циркулирующих уровней цитокина указывает на цели лечения иммунных заболеваний.

Циркуляция цитокинес оркестрирует иммунную реакцию и является перспективной целью для лечения иммунных и подстрекательских заболеваний. Изучение генетической архитектуры циркулирующих уровней цитокина могло бы дать ключевые знания о причинно-следственных посредниках в связи с человеческими заболеваниями. Здесь мы провели исследования по общегеномной ассоциации (GWAS) 40 циркуляции цитокинов в мета-анализах 74,783 Люди. Мы обнаружили 359 между уровнями цитокина и вариантами 169 независимых лоси, включая 150 Транс- и 19 Носящая ножи лоси. Интеграция с транскриптивомными данными указывает на ключ

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… An open-label pilot study of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor for the treatment of severe endoscopic postoperative recurrence in Crohn’s disease. Digestion 68 , 63–70 (2003). 57. Korzenik, J. R. & Dieckgraefe, B. K. … An open‐labelled study of granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor in the treatment of active Crohn’s disease. Aliment. Pharm. Ther. 21 , 391–400 (2005). 58. Tsioumpekou, M., Krijgsman, D., Leusen, J. H. W. & Olofsen, P. A. …

The effects of twenty-four nutrients and phytonutrients on immune system function and inflammation: A narrative review.

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Recently, optimal immune function has become a primary focus of worldwide attention not only in the prevention of chronic disease but also as one strategy to reduce the severity of acute illness. Inflammation, a process largely controlled by the immune system, has long been studied and recognized for its role in chronic disease. Optimizing immune function or managing inflammation using individual nutrients and phytonutrients is not well understood by the average person. Thus, this narrative literature review summarizes many of the more recent findings about how certain nutr

The progress and perspective of nanomedicine in modulating the tumor immune microenvironment.

The widespread application of nanomedicine in oncology is reshaping cancer treatment paradigms. Using the precise targeting mechanisms and the rapid advancements in nanoscale materials, nanomedicine is driving progress in cancer therapy, particularly within the complex landscape of the tumor immune microenvironment (TIM). This review provides a comprehensive overview of recent studies elucidating the critical role of nanomedicine in modulating the TIM, augmenting the efficacy of immunotherapies, and overcoming therapeutic resistance. Emphasis is placed on the significance of targeted drug deli

Treatment of oral mucositis in hematologic patients undergoing autologous or allogeneic transplantation of peripheral blood stem cells: a prospective, randomized study with a mouthwash containing camelia sinensis leaf extract.

Oral mucositis is an important side effect of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HCST), mainly due to toxicity of conditioning regimens. It produces significant pain and morbidity. The present study reports a prospective, randomized, non-blinded study testing the efficacy of a new mouthwash, called Baxidil Onco(®) (Sanitas Farmaceutici Srl, Tortona, Italy) in 60 hematologic patients undergoing HCST (28 autologous, 32 allogeneic). Baxidil Onco(®), used three times a day from Day -1 to Day +30, in addition to standard prophylactic schedules, was administered to 14 patients undergoing autol

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… General patient management All patients received granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (rhG-CSF) 5 mg/kg/day until white blood cell (WBC) count reached 0.5 x 10 9 /L starting on Day 5 after PBSC infusion; irradiated blood products were infused to maintain hemoglobin and platelet levels above 8 g/dL …

Toxicity and efficacy of four carmustine-substituted conditioning regimens followed by autologous stem cell transplantation in lymphoma: a real-world comparative study.

High-dose chemotherapy followed by autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) remains a key consolidation strategy for patients with relapsed/refractory (R/R) lymphoma. The BEAM regimen (carmustine, etoposide, cytarabine, melphalan) is the standard conditioning therapy, but clinical carmustine supply shortages have necessitated the search for alternatives. This study compared the toxicity and transplant outcomes of four carmustine-substituted conditioning regimens. We retrospectively analyzed 80 lymphoma patients who underwent ASCT between January 2018 and December 2023. Patients received one

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… Post-transplant management included the initiation of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) (5 µg/kg/day) from day 3 until neutrophil engraftment. Irradiated blood products were transfused to maintain hemoglobin levels above 60 g/L and platelet count above 20 × 10⁹/L. … , Martinelli V et al (2003) Spleen enlargement following recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor administration for peripheral blood stem cell mobilization. …

Molecular Mechanism and Prevention Strategy of Chemotherapy- and Radiotherapy-Induced Ovarian Damage.

Fertility preservation is an emerging discipline, which is of substantial clinical value in the care of young patients with cancer. Chemotherapy and radiation may induce ovarian damage in prepubertal girls and young women. Although many studies have explored the mechanisms implicated in ovarian toxicity during cancer treatment, its molecular pathophysiology is not fully understood. Chemotherapy may accelerate follicular apoptosis and follicle reservoir utilization and damage the ovarian stroma via multiple molecular reactions. Oxidative stress and the radiosensitivity of oocytes are the main c

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… Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) treatment significantly decreases the loss of PFs induced by chemotherapeutic agents, prevents damage to vascular structures, and reduces DNA damage in oocytes or growing follicles. … A novel neuroprotectant granulocyte-colony stimulating factor Stroke 2006 37 1123 1128 10.1161/01.STR.0000208205.26253.96 16514095 146. Rigsby C.K. Siegel M.J. CT appearance of pediatric ovaries and uterus J. Comput. Assist. Tomogr. 1994 18 72 76 10.1097/00004728-199401000-00016 8282889 147. …

Carbohydrate Targets for CAR T Cells in Solid Childhood Cancers.

Application of the CAR targeting strategy in solid tumors is challenged by the need for adequate target antigens. As a consequence of their tissue origin, embryonal cancers can aberrantly express membrane-anchored gangliosides. These are carbohydrate molecules consisting of a glycosphingolipid linked to sialic acids residues. The best-known example is the abundant expression of ganglioside GD2 on the cell surface of neuroblastomas which derive from GD2-positive neuroectoderm. Gangliosides are involved in various cellular functions, including signal transduction, cell proliferation, differentia

The Mushroom Agaricus blazei Murill Elicits Medicinal Effects on Tumor, Infection, Allergy, and Inflammation through Its Modulation of Innate Immunity and Amelioration of Th1/Th2 Imbalance and Inflammation.

The medicinal mushroom Agaricus blazei Murill from the Brazilian rain forest has been used in traditional medicine and as health food for the prevention of a range of diseases, including infection, allergy, and cancer. Other scientists and we have examined whether there is scientific evidence behind such postulations. Agaricus blazei M is rich in the immunomodulating polysaccharides, β-glucans, and has been shown to have antitumor, anti-infection, and antiallergic/-asthmatic properties in mouse models, in addition to anti-inflammatory effects in inflammatory bowel disease patients. These effec

Свежая (некриотечная) аутологическая трансплантация стволовых клеток в множестве миеломы: ускоренная пересадка и сокращение госпитализации.

Криопрезентативная автологичная трансплантация стволовых клеток с использованием диметила сульфооксида является стандартной в случае множественной миеломы, однако она связана с токсичностью, связанной с вливанием, и высокой стоимостью. Цель этого исследования заключалась в оценке осуществимости, безопасности и результатов аутологической трансплантации стволовых клеток без диметила сульфооксида, свежего (не криопехотного) аутоголита у нескольких пациентов, страдающих миеломой, в одном третичном центре. МЕТОДЫ: В период с 2023 по 2025 год в больнице Университета Докуза Эйлюля был проведен ретрос

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… Stem cell mobilization and collection Mobilization was performed using granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) at 10 µg/kg/day administered subcutaneously for five consecutive days, either alone or combined with plerixafor (0.24 mg/kg) in patients with predicted poor mobilization according to … HCT-CI: Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation Comorbidity Index; CD34: cluster of differentiation 34; LDH: lactate dehydrogenase; WBC: white blood cells; G-CSF: granulocyte colony-stimulating factor. …

The Mechanisms of Altered Blood-Brain Barrier Permeability in CD19 CAR T-Cell Recipients.

Cluster of differentiation 19 (CD19) chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells are a highly effective immunotherapy for relapsed and refractory B-cell malignancies, but their utility can be limited by the development of immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome (ICANS). The recent discovery of CD19 expression on the pericytes in the blood-brain barrier (BBB) suggests an important off-target mechanism for ICANS development. In addition, the release of systemic cytokines stimulated by the engagement of CD19 with the CAR T cells can cause endothelial activation and decreased expression

Biomarkers in individualized management of chimeric antigen receptor T cell therapy.

The development of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell immunotherapy has achieved promising results, both in clinical studies and in commercial products for patients with hematologic malignancies. Despite high remission rates of CAR-T cell therapy in previously untreatable, refractory and/or relapsed patients, several challenges in CAR-T therapy remain to be overcome, especially in integrating such therapies into personalized disease management approaches. Given the unique characteristics of CAR-T therapy, it is particularly urgent to identify biomarkers to maximize their clinical benefits.

Functional SARS-CoV-2-specific T cells of donor origin in allogeneic stem cell transplant recipients of a T-cell-replete infusion: A prospective observational study.

In the current post-pandemic era, recipients of an allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HCT) deserve special attention. In these vulnerable patients, vaccine effectiveness is reduced by post-transplant immune-suppressive therapy; consequently, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) disease (COVID-19) is often associated with elevated morbidity and mortality. Characterizing SARS-CoV-2 adaptive immunity transfer from immune donors to HCT recipients in the context of immunosuppression will help identify optimal timing and vaccination strategies that can provide ade

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… A total of 89 donors consented, and blood was drawn at least 30 days (d) before granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (GCSF) for peripheral blood CD34 + cell apheresis collection. All recipients consented and enrolled at COH, where they received a planned T-cell-replete allogeneic HCT. … In the x -axis, HCT D indicates the donor response in serum obtained at least 30 days before granulocyte colony-stimulating factor for peripheral blood CD34 + cell apheresis collection; time points 30, 60, 90, 120, and 180 indicate the days post-HCT in which recipient serum specimens were analyzed. …

Biologic Targeting: New and Effective Therapeutic Approaches against Severe Asthma.

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Воздействие лисий-барбарбарумного полисачарида на активацию патогенных CD4 + T клеток в модели мыши множественного склероза.

JOURNAL/nrgr/04.03/01300535-202606000-00071/ Рис. 1 v/2026-02-11T151048Z/r/image-tiff Multical sclerosis — серьезное аутоиммунное расстройство, которое в основном поддерживается патогенным скоплением CD4 + T подмножеств клеток. Несмотря на успехи в управлении множественным склерозом, крайне необходимо обеспечить более эффективное и безопасное лечение. В настоящем исследовании мы ввели лициум Барбарум гликопептид в модель мыши экспериментальной аутоиммунной энцефаломиэлит- животной модели множественного склероза- и оценили его воздействие на патогенную активацию клеток CD4 + T как в vivo, так и

Oncolytic herpes viruses, chemotherapeutics, and other cancer drugs.

Oncolytic viruses are emerging as a potential new way of treating cancers. They are selectively replication-competent viruses that propagate only in actively dividing tumor cells but not in normal cells and, as a result, destroy the tumor cells by consequence of lytic infection. At least six different oncolytic herpes simplex viruses (oHSVs) have undergone clinical trials worldwide to date, and they have demonstrated an excellent safety profile and intimations of efficacy. The first pivotal Phase III trial with an oHSV, talimogene laherparepvec (T-Vec [OncoVex(GM-CSF)]), is almost complete, wi

A circulating subpopulation of monocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells as an independent prognostic/predictive factor in untreated non-small lung cancer patients.

Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) represent a heterogeneous population of cells with immunosuppressive properties and might confer to worse prognosis in cancer patients. The presence of phenotypically newly described subpopulations of MDSCs and their association with the clinical outcome were investigated in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. The percentages and correlation between MDSCs and distinct immune cells in the peripheral blood of 110 chemotherapy-naive patients before treatment and healthy controls were investigated using flow cytometry. Two monocytic [CD14(+)CD15(-)

Neuroscience in peripheral cancers: tumors hijacking nerves and neuroimmune crosstalk.

Cancer neuroscience is an emerging field that investigates the intricate relationship between the nervous system and cancer, gaining increasing recognition for its importance. The central nervous system governs the development of the nervous system and directly affects brain tumors, and the peripheral nervous system (PNS) shapes the tumor microenvironment (TME) of peripheral tumors. Both systems are crucial in cancer initiation and progression, with recent studies revealing a more intricate role of the PNS within the TME. Tumors not only invade nerves but also persuade them through remodeling

Fluoroquinolone Prophylaxis Uncovers High Prevalence Rates of Fluoroquinolone-Resistant Enterobacterales Colonization in Multiple Myeloma Autologous Transplant Patients: A Prospective Cohort Study.

Background: Fluoroquinolone prophylaxis during autologous stem cell transplantation (aSCT) reduces the risk of fever but raises the risk of bloodstream infection (BSI) with fluoroquinolone-resistant Enterobacterales (FRE). We performed a prospective cohort study to detect the presence and potential gain or loss of colonic FRE colonization using serial sampling before and after aSCT in a uniform population of patients with a diagnosis of multiple myeloma. Methods: Eligible subjects underwent aSCT after conditioning with dose-intense melphalan, 200 mg/m2. Peri-anal swabs were obtained before aSC

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… colony-stimulating factor, MRSA = methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus . a,b,c Data are shown as (a) n (%), (b) median (IQR) or (c) mean (SD). … For cytokine mobilization, PBSCs were mobilized with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) 12 µg/kg actual body weight (ABW) by daily subcutaneous injection (SC), starting 4 days before the start of apheresis. Plerixafor 0.24 mg/kg SC daily could be added, also per physician discretion. …