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Clinically useful applications of evoked potentials in adult neurology.

Recent advances in the field of sensory evoked potentials (EPs) have allowed assessment of function in regions of the nervous system that were previously inaccessible to noninvasive electrophysiologic study. Pattern visual and brainstem auditory EPs, respectively, are more sensitive to certain optic nerve or posterior fossa lesions than either clinical or laboratory tests. Short-latency somatosensory EPs from the upper and lower extremities are sensitive to pathology at cervicomedullary and thoracolumbar levels of the neuraxis as well as to suprasegmental lesions. This article reviews the deve

Prediction of apolipoprotein A-I and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in the neurological impairment and relapse of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder (NMOSD) is a rare inflammatory demyelinating disorder of the central nervous … ed HDL-C (OR = 0.082, 95% CI: 0.008-0.847, p = 0.036), clinical phenotype-specifically, compared to optic neuritis, myelitis (OR = 0.130, 95% CI: 0.037-0.458, p = 0.002), brainstem/cerebral syndrome (OR = 0.070, 95% CI: 0.007-0.731, p = 0.026), and mixed phenotypes (OR = 0.107, 95% CI: 0.018-0.642, p = 0.014) -as well as the use of subsequent monoclonal antibody …

Case 341: Infratentorial Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome Associated with Interferon-β in Relapsing Multiple Sclerosis.

A 36-year-old man with known history of relapsing multiple sclerosis (RMS) of 13-year duration who was undergoing continuous treatment with … hthalmologic evaluation with fundoscopy showed bilateral hypertensive retinopathy, without signs of optic neuritis. Laboratory analysis revealed known increased liver enzyme levels due to INF-β treatment (aspartate aminotransferase level, 123 U/L [2.05 µkat/L]; normal range, 11-34 U/L [0.18-0.57 µkat/L]; alanine aminotransferase level, 179 U/L [2.99 µkat/L]; nor …

Клинический спектр приобретенных синдромов демилинизации у детей: опыт третичной больницы.

ВВЕДЕНИЕ: Хотя приобретенные синдромы демиелионации (САР) редки у детей, распространенность и распространенность САД в различных странах мира являются неодинаковыми. Поскольку данные о педиатрической АДС в Саудовской Аравии ограничены, цель этого исследования заключалась в том, чтобы описать клинический спектр педиатрической АДС, его клинические характеристики и варианты управления в третичной больнице в Саудовской Аравии. МЕТОДЫ: В период с января в медицинском центре им. короля Абдель Азиза (КАМС) и специализированном детском госпитале им. короля Абдаллы (КАШХ) в Эр-Рияде, Саудовская Аравия,

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
INTRODUCTION: Although acquired demyelinating syndromes (ADS) are rare in children, the incidence and prevalence of ADS vary internationally … ant differences were also observed in the type of initial central nervous system (CNS) attack, with optic neuritis being more common in MS and transverse myelitis in CIS (p < 0.0001). Laboratory results revealed a higher incidence of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) oligoclonal bands in patients with MS, which was statistically significant (p =  0.04), and MOG antibodi …

Risk factors and prognosis of orotracheal intubation in aquaporin-4-IgG neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder attacks.

BACKGROUND: Aquaporin-4 immunoglobulin G Neuro Myelitis Optica spectrum disorders attacks (NMOSD-AQP4-IgG+ attacks) can cause respiratory fa … d NMOSD-AQP4-IgG+ attacks at the Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital (Jan 2010-Jan 2021), excluding isolated optic neuritis. The primary outcome was the need for OTI due to neurological dysfunction an attack (OTI-attack). The secondary outcome was attack's poor recovery after 12 months, defined as a modified Rankin score (mRS) > 2 in patients with an initial mRS ≤ 2, or …

In Vivo Corneal Confocal Microscopy in Multiple Sclerosis: Can it Differentiate Disease Relapse in Multiple Sclerosis?

PURPOSE: This study aims to investigate the role of in vivo corneal confocal microscopy (IVCCM) in the detection of corneal inflammatory activity and subbasal nerve alterations in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) and to further determine whether IVCCM can be used to detect (acute) disease relapse. DESIGN: Prospective cross-sectional study, with a subgroup follow-up. METHODS: This single-center study included 58 patients with MS (MS-Relapse group [n = 27] and MS-Remission group [n = 31]), and 30 age- and sex-matched healthy control subjects. Patients with a history of optic neuritis or t…

Serum Biomarker Profiles Discriminate AQP4 Seropositive and Double Seronegative Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and neurofilament light chain (NfL) serum levels are useful to define dise … most common syndromes at sampling in both AQP4+NMOSD and DS-NMOSD were myelitis (56% vs 38.5%) and optic neuritis (34.6% vs 32%), with no statistical differences (p = 0.716). Median EDSS at sampling was 3.2 (interquartile range [IQR] 2-7.7) in the AQP4+NMOSD group and 4 (IQR [3-6]) in the DS-NMOSD group (p = 0.974). Serum GFAP, tau, and UCH-L1 levels were highe …

Therapeutic response to rituximab in seropositive neuromyelitis optica: Experience from a tertiary care center in South India.

OBJECTIVES: Neuromyelitis optica (NMO) is a severe central nervous system demyelinating disease caused by autoantibodies to anti-aquaporin-4 … ed. The mean (± SD) age was 36 ± 17.9 years and 73.3% were females. Transverse myelitis followed by optic neuritis was the most common presentations. Rituximab was initiated after a median period of 19-weeks from the disease onset. The mean number of rituximab doses received was 6.4 ± 2.3. After a mean follow-up duration of 107 ± 74.7 weeks from the first dose o …

Increased Intracranial Pressure in Pediatric Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein Antibody-Associated Disease.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Elevated intracranial pressure (ICP) in myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) antibody-associated disease (MO … D phenotypes were: 30.0 (22.8-41.6) (acute disseminated encephalomyelitis, ADEM), 20.5 (16.1-23.6) (optic neuritis), 17.0 (17.0-22.5) (myelitis), and 19.5 (16.5-29.3) (other) cm H20. Overall, 20.9% had increased ICP based on an OP > 28 cm H2O, of whom 77.8% presented with ADEM. In a subgroup analysis of those presenting with ADEM, those with an elevated ICP had …

Clinical and radiological profile of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders in an Ecuadorian cohort.

BACKGROUND: Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) is a complex disease characterized by a severe inflammation of the central nervous system (CNS). This disease typically manifests with recurrent optic neuritis (ON) and acute transverse myelitis (ATM). The clinical and radiological spectrum of NMOSD is little known in Latin America (LATAM) and few reports have been published in the literature so far. In Ecuador, no reports on NMOSD have been published. For this reason we aimed to assess the demographic, clinical and imaging characteristics of patients with NMOSD from third level hospit…

Standardized method for the detection of antibodies to aquaporin-4 based on a highly sensitive immunofluorescence assay employing recombinant target antigen.

BACKGROUND: Recently, a highly specific serum autoantibody was discovered in patients with neuromyelitis optica, called NMO-IgG, and aquaporin-4, the most abundant water channel in the CNS, was identified as the target antigen. Several assays for the detection of NMO-IgG/AQP4-Ab have been described. Tests based on recombinant human AQP4 have been repeatedly demonstrated to be more sensitive than the previous gold standard assay, i.e. immunohistochemistry (IHC) on mouse brain tissue. However, the sophisticated techniques applied restrict their availability to few laboratories worldwide. OBJECT

[Clinical characteristics of Cuban epidemic neuropathy].

INTRODUCTION: At the beginning of 1992 an epidemic neuropathy was seen in Cuba. MATERIAL AND METHODS: To determine the clinical characteristics we studied the clinical and neurological features, cerebrospinal fluid, and did neurophysiological investigations and sural nerve biopsies. RESULTS: Sixty patients were studied. Of these, 42 (70%) had polyneuropathy which was predominantly peripheral and 18 (30%) had combined forms. Most patients had asthenia and weight loss. The polyneuropathic effects were mainly in the legs. In 33.3% of the patients there were distal autonomic effects and sphincte

The use of a system analysis approach to electrodiagnostic (ERG and VEP) assessment.

To evaluate the integrity of a biological system and its constituent functional units, a systematic study of input-output relations adopted from engineering has proven appropriate. With such an approach, sequential analysis can be implemented to probe the various parameter extractions along, for example, the visual system. The a priori assumption in this approach is that the visual world is processed along functionally separate pathways yielding distinct percepts such as contrast and motion. This so-called channel approach has proven useful not only to basic vision research but also for clinic

Neurological complications of swine influenza vaccination.

The emphasis upon the remarkably large number of cases of Guillain-Barre syndrome which resulted from the 1976 National Swine Influenza immunization program in the U.S.A. has obscured the fact that other neurological complications, involving the central nervous system also occurred. The anatomical distribution of lesions is almost identical with that seen following other types of vaccination: involvement of the brain, cerebellum, optic nerve, cranial nerves and spinal cord occurred with approximately the same frequency. 5 instances of the very rare subacute or chronic, progressive, post-vaccin

Epstein-Barr Virus-Associated Smooth Muscle Tumor of the Spine After Bone Marrow Transplant: Case Report and Review of Literature.

BACKGROUND: Epstein-Barr virus-associated smooth muscle tumors (SMTs) are rare neoplasms that have been found to develop in immunocompromised patients. Three distinct groups of affected patients have been described: (1) human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients, (2) post-transplant patients, and (3) patients with congenital immunodeficiency. The tumors can develop anywhere in the body, with 17 reported cases occurring in the spinal canal, all in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection. CASE DESCRIPTION: We report the first case of Epstein-Barr virus-associated SMT affecting