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Association between metabolic and hormonal profile, proinflammatory cytokines in saliva and gingival health in adolescent females with polycystic ovary syndrome.

BACKGROUND: Research studies indicate that polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) may increase susceptibility to periodontal disease. The mechanisms that link both conditions are not entirely understood. Thus, the study aimed to investigate the impact of hormonal and metabolic disturbances on the gingival health and salivary levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), interleukin 1β (IL1-β), and interleukin 6 (IL-6) in adolescent girls with PCOS. METHODS: Thirty-one patients with PCOS and twenty-eight healthy age-mates (as the control group) were enrolled in the study. Individuals with PCOS underwent

[175 years of anesthesia and narcosis-Towards a "human right to unconsciousness"].

The Ether Day, a key moment in the history of mankind, commemorates its 175th anniversary on 16 October 2021. On that day the dentist William T. G. Morton successfully gave the first public ether anesthesia in Boston. From then on it was possible to save people from pain with justifiable risk and at the same time to protect them from psychological damage by inducing unconsciousness. The German philosopher Peter Sloterdijk, one of the most renowned and effective philosophers of our times, deduced that from then on humans, to some extent, had a right to unconsciousness when in psychophysical dis

Professional oral care in end-of-life patients with advanced cancers in a hospice ward: improvement of oral conditions.

BackgroundIn end-of-life patients with advanced cancers, oral examination, oral care, and oral re-examination are crucial. Although oral symptoms are among the major complaints of end-of-life patients, few studies have focused on oral care in these patients. In this study, the association between oral symptoms and oral dryness among end-of-life patients was examined, and improvement of oral conditions after oral care interventions by a professional dentist was quantified.MethodsThis prospective intervention study included 27 terminally ill patients with advanced cancers in a hospice ward. Prof

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… Calibration of professional dentists The examiner had excellent agreement with the senior dentist in the reference standard judgement method. … Each patient was examined and accepted oral care by a professional dentist once a day in the morning. After the intervention period, oral care was provided by their caregivers, who were trained by the same dentist. …

The burden of Diabetes, Its Oral Complications and Their Prevention and Management.

BACKGROUND: Diabetes mellitus (DM), chronic disease, is a public health problem that affects 8.5% adult population worldwide. The number of adults with DM has risen sharply from 108 million in 1980 to 422 million in 2014. In 2012, 1.5 million individuals died because of DM and an additional 2.2 million deaths occurred because of high blood glucose level resulting in cardiovascular and other systemic diseases. DM brings huge economic loss to patients, their families, and healthcare systems. Globally, the cost of DM was US$1•31 trillion in 2015. AIM: This review article utilised the prevalence

What do antenatal care providers understand and do about oral health care during pregnancy: a cross-sectional survey in New South Wales, Australia.

BACKGROUND: There is mounting evidence to support the lack of awareness among pregnant women about health consequences and long term risks associated with poor oral hygiene during pregnancy. A recognised and important point of influence is their interaction with health professionals, particularly when receiving Antenatal Care. However, there is limited evidence about the perceptions of ANC providers in Australia toward the provision of perinatal oral healthcare. This study was undertaken to explore the knowledge, attitudes and practices of Antenatal Care (ANC) providers in New South Wales (NSW

Unexplained somatic comorbidities in patients with burning mouth syndrome: a controlled clinical study.

AIMS: To evaluate the prevalence of unexplained extraoral symptoms in a group of patients with burning mouth syndrome (BMS) and compare the prevalence with that in patients with oral lichen planus (OLP) and age- and gender-matched controls. METHODS: The occurrence of extraoral symptoms was analyzed in a group of 124 BMS patients, a group of 112 oral lichen planus (OLP) patients, and a group of 102 healthy patients. Oral symptoms were collected by a specialist in oral medicine and a general dentist, while data concerning unexplained extraoral symptoms were gathered by each specialist ward, ie,

In vivo evaluation of noncarious cervical lesions in sleep bruxism subjects.

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM: Occlusal load has frequently been suggested to be involved in the development of a noncarious cervical lesion (NCL). However, there is a lack of clinical studies evaluating NCLs and occlusal parameters in sleep bruxism (SB) subjects. PURPOSE: The purpose of this clinical study was to assess the frequency of NCLs and determine potential occlusal differences between SB subjects and healthy control subjects. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 91 volunteers, 58 women and 33 men, with a mean (SD) age of 28.37 (4.89) years (range of 20 to 39 years), participated in this investi

Long-term locomotor training for gait and balance in a patient with mixed progressive supranuclear palsy and corticobasal degeneration.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) and corticobasal degeneration (CBD) are slowly progressive tauopathies characterized by impaired balance, disturbances in gait, and frequent falls, among other features. Wheelchair dependence is an inevitable outcome in people with these disorders. Insufficient evidence exists regarding the effectiveness of exercise in the management of people with these disorders. This case report describes a program of exercise and long-term locomotor training, using a treadmill (both with and without body-weight support), to reduce falls and impro

Avascular mandibular osteonecrosis in association with bisphosphonate therapy: a report on four patients.

UNLABELLED: Over the past three years, several reports have been published on jaw osteonecrosis possibly being associated with the administration of bisphosphonates. Bisphosphonates are highly active inhibitors of osteoclasts. These drugs are used for the treatment of multiple myeloma, bone resorption in the case of metastatic malignant diseases, tumor-associated hypercalcaemia, and in the treatment of osteoporosis. Due to the importance of this presumed side-effect of bisphosphonates for the dentist and the maxillofacial surgeon, we report four cases. CASE REPORTS: Four patients (two women a

Sedation of anxious children undergoing dental treatment.

BACKGROUND: Anxiety about dental treatment or behaviour management problems can be a barrier to its uptake in children. Sedation can be used to relieve anxiety and manage behaviour, unfortunately it is difficult to determine from published research which agents, dosages and techniques are effective. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the relative efficacy of the various conscious sedation techniques and dosages for behaviour management in paediatric dentistry. SEARCH STRATEGY: Computerised: MEDLINE, PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Dissertation Abstracts, SIGLE, the World

Periodontal risk assessment, diagnosis and treatment planning.

The prevention and treatment of the periodontal diseases is based on accurate diagnosis, reduction or elimination of causative agents, risk management and correction of the harmful effects of disease. Prominent and confirmed risk factors or risk predictors for periodontitis in adults include smoking, diabetes, race, P. gingivalis, P. intermedia, low education, infrequent dental attendance and genetic influences. Several other specific periodontal bacteria, herpesviruses, increased age, male, sex, depression, race, traumatic occlusion and female osteoporosis in the presence of heavy dental calc

Comparison of Australian and American orthodontic clinical approaches towards root resorption.

AIMS: As part of The Rocky Mountain Travelling Fellowship, a pilot survey was conducted to assess current diagnostic and clinical approaches to the management of orthodontic patients in relation to root resorption. METHODS: Groups comprising Australians (Sydney, New South Wales) and North Americans (Los Angeles, California), in two stages of their orthodontic careers (post-graduate orthodontic students from the University of Sydney and University of Southern California and qualified practising orthodontists) were asked to complete a questionnaire. The questions examined diagnosis and manageme

Perception of gingival bleeding by Nigerians.

Two hundred and seventy-five (275) subjects were seen to assess their perception of gingival bleeding and relate it to their periodontal status, sex, and age. Only about a quarter of the subjects claimed to bleed from the gingivae during routine oral prophylaxis. Unfortunately, about the same number admitted to having gum disease, whereas during clinical oral examination it was discovered that all these subjects had gingival bleeding. Also this study showed that more of the subjects who claimed to bleed from the gums thought it was normal compared to those who claimed not to bleed from the gum

Use of polymer materials in dental clinics, case study.

Dentistry uses a variety of different polymer materials. Dental polymer materials are based on methacrylate, its polymer, and polyelectrolytes. The setting of restorative materials and adhesives is initiated chemically by mixing two components or by light. In both cases, polymerisation is incomplete and monomers, not reacted, release. Studies have documented that monomers may cause a wide range of adverse health effects such as irritation to skin, eyes or mucous membranes, allergic dermatitis, asthma, parenthesise in the fingers, and disturbances from central nervous system such as; headache,

The association between parental oral health literacy, socio-demographic characteristic, patient factors and caries status of paediateric cancer patient: a cross-sectional study.

BACKGROUND: Paediatric cancer patients (PCPs) are reported to experience poorer dental health compared to their healthy peers. Contributing factors include low parental oral health literacy (OHL), suboptimal oral health behaviours among PCPs, and various clinical factors. However, there is limited data on the caries status of PCPs in Malaysia, and the relationship between caries status and parental OHL remains unexplored. This study aimed to evaluate PCPs' caries status, assess parental OHL, and identify other factors influencing caries status in this population. METHODS: A cross-sectional st

Association between personality traits, dental caries, and oral health-related behaviors among underserved Egyptian adults: a cross-sectional study.

BACKGROUND: The Big Five personality traits comprise five broad dimensions of personality namely openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism which may influence oral health. Examining these influences in underserved communities helps inform the design of tailored oral disease prevention strategies. This study assessed the association between personality traits on one hand and dental caries as well as oral health behaviors on the other hand, among underserved Egyptian adults. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted in three governorates (Alexa

Awareness and attitudes of parents towards pediatric dentistry and children's oral health: a cross-sectional study.

INTRODUCTION: Parents play a pivotal role in shaping children's oral health behaviors and practices. This study aimed to assess parental awareness and attitudes regarding children's oral health and pediatric dental care, and to evaluate the influence of socioeconomic factors on these parameters. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional questionnaire-based study was conducted from June to December 2025 among parents of children aged below 10 years. Participants were recruited using convenience sampling from the Departments of Pediatrics and Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry at Yenepoya Univer

Employability of Mothers and its Impact on Body Mass Index and Dental Caries of their Preschool Children: A Cross-sectional Study.

AIM AND BACKGROUND: Employment can affect a mother's role, as working mothers may have less time to oversee oral hygiene and diet, potentially leading to higher rates of dental caries. In contrast, non-working mothers often have more time for health routines and nutritious meal preparation, resulting in better dental outcomes. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This comparative cross-sectional study evaluates body mass index (BMI), dental caries, and sugar consumption among 3-5-year-old schoolchildren with working and non-working mothers in Mysuru city. The study included 75 children of working mothers a

Oral Health Challenges and Hygiene Practices in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Cross-sectional Study from Tunisia.

AIM: This study aimed to assess oral hygiene practices, dental conditions, and access to dental care among children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in Tunisia. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This descriptive cross-sectional study included 48 children diagnosed with ASD. Data were obtained through a structured questionnaire completed by caregivers and a clinical oral examination. The questionnaire comprised 25 items divided into three domains: (1) Knowledge (awareness of oral hygiene importance, fluoride use, recognition of dental caries, and regular dental checkups); (2) Attitude (motivation for

Assessment of Occlusal Contacts Recorded with the Medit Intraoral Scanner vs. Exocad Software.

Background/Objectives: Occlusal analysis is an important component of oral rehabilitation with a determining role in the prognosis of restorations. Over time, several qualitative and quantitative occlusal analysis methods have been proposed, starting with occlusion wax up to the most advanced digital systems. The objective of the present study was to evaluate and compare the data obtained through dental occlusion analysis using the Medit i700 and Exocad Elefsina v3.2 in a group of subjects, in order to establish the reliability or compatibility between the two occlusal analysis systems. Method