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Unraveling the mechanisms of bone diseases: targeting dendritic cells in osteoimmunology for internal homeostasis balance.

Bone repair and regeneration is a complex spatiotemporal process recruiting a variety of cell types, which need to precisely mediated for effective healing post-damage. The concept of osteoimmunology emphasizes the extensive and intricate crosstalk between the bone and the immune system. Despite the significant advancements in understanding osteoimmunology, the precise role of dendritic cells (DCs) in this field remains under investigation. As key antigen-presenting cells, DCs are critical in orchestrating adaptive immune responses and maintaining tissue homeostasis. Recent researches have fur

Lenalidomide for the Treatment of Low- or Intermediate-1-Risk Myelodysplastic Syndromes Associated with Deletion 5q Cytogenetic Abnormality: An Evidence Review of the NICE Submission from Celgene.

The National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) invited the manufacturer of lenalidomide (Celgene) to submit evidence of the clinical and cost effectiveness of the drug for treating adults with myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) associated with deletion 5q cytogenetic abnormality, as part of the Institute's single technology appraisal (STA) process. Kleijnen Systematic Reviews Ltd (KSR), in collaboration with Erasmus University Rotterdam, was commissioned to act as the Evidence Review Group (ERG). This paper describes the company's submission, the ERG review, and the NICE's subsequen

Monitoring NK cell activity in patients with hematological malignancies.

Natural killer (NK) cells are lymphocytes of the innate immune system that can recognize and kill various types of malignant cells. Monitoring the activity of peripheral NK cells in patients affected by hematological malignancies may provide prognostic information or unveil ongoing tumor-specific immune responses. Moreover, further insights into the biology of NK cells might also promote the development of novel strategies for stimulating their anticancer activity. Here, we review the main methods to monitor phenotypic and functional NK cell properties in cancer patients, focusing on individua

Pre-Engraftment Syndrome After Autologous Stem Cell Transplantation in Relapsed or Refractory Hodgkin Lymphoma: An Association with Prior PD-1 Inhibitor Exposure.

Background and Objectives: Autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) remains the standard of care for relapsed or refractory Hodgkin lymphoma (R/R HL), and an increasing proportion of patients receive programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) inhibitors prior to transplantation. Engraftment syndrome (ES) is a noninfectious inflammatory complication classically associated with neutrophil recovery; however, early peri-transplant inflammatory manifestations remain poorly characterized and may mimic infectious complications. We aimed to evaluate peri-transplant inflammatory events after ASCT, with

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… In addition, the observed symptoms may reflect noninfectious inflammatory processes unrelated to classical ES, including drug-related toxicity (e.g., conditioning regimen-associated mucosal or pulmonary injury), granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF)-associated cytokine-mediated inflammatory reactions … Impact of Post-Autologous Peripheral Blood Stem Cell Transplant (ASCT)- Granulocyte Colony Stimulating Factor (G-CSF) on Toxicity Profiles in Hodgkin Lymphoma (HL) Patients Receiving Pre-ASCT Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors (ICI) Transplant. Cell. …

Immunologic tumor microenvironment modulators for turning cold tumors hot.

Tumors can be classified into distinct immunophenotypes based on the presence and arrangement of cytotoxic immune cells within the tumor microenvironment (TME). Hot tumors, characterized by heightened immune activity and responsiveness to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), stand in stark contrast to cold tumors, which lack immune infiltration and remain resistant to therapy. To overcome immune evasion mechanisms employed by tumor cells, novel immunologic modulators have emerged, particularly ICIs targeting cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4) and programmed cell death protein

Noninfectious pulmonary complications of haematopoietic stem cell transplantation.

Haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is an established treatment for a variety of malignant and nonmalignant conditions. Pulmonary complications, both infectious and noninfectious, are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in patients who undergo HSCT. Recent advances in prophylaxis and treatment of infectious complications has increased the significance of noninfectious pulmonary conditions. Acute lung injury associated with idiopathic pneumonia syndrome remains a major acute complication with high morbidity and mortality. On the other hand, bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome is

The Impact of an Embedded Oncology Pharmacist in an Outpatient Oncology Center in the Treatment of Hematologic Malignancies.

BackgroundThe growing demand for clinicians in the ambulatory oncology setting to reduce fragmentation of care and improve patient outcomes represents a need for oncology pharmacists as advanced practitioners in the provision of direct patient-centered care. These provisions can include supportive care management, drug-drug interaction evaluation, and selection of appropriate chemotherapy regimens to reduce physician workload in a cost-effective manner, while increasing physician and patient satisfaction. However, robust data are currently lacking to support the impact of pharmacists in the am

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… Pharmacist supportive care interventions were further divided into nine subcategories ( Figure 1 ): gastrointestinal (n = 46), anti-infective (n = 37), other (n = 30), immunization (n = 28), tumor lysis syndrome (n = 25), cancer-associated venous thromboembolism (n = 10), granulocyte colony-stimulating … SC = supportive care; OC = order clarification; NV = nausea and vomiting; G-CSF = granulocyte colony-stimulating factor; CA VTE = cancer-associated venous thromboembolism; TLS = tumor lysis syndrome. a diarrhea, constipation, mucositis, heartburn SC: NV | SC: GI a | SC: Anti-infective | SC: G-CSF related …

Antineoplastics : Lack of efficacy and infusion reaction: case report

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Novel Combinatorial Approaches to Tackle the Immunosuppressive Microenvironment of Prostate Cancer.

Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second-most common cancer in men worldwide and treatment options for patients with advanced or aggressive prostate cancer or recurrent disease continue to be of limited success and are rarely curative. Despite immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) efficacy in some melanoma, lung, kidney and breast cancers, immunotherapy efforts have been remarkably unsuccessful in PCa. One hypothesis behind this lack of efficacy is the generation of a distinctly immunosuppressive prostate tumor microenvironment (TME) by regulatory T cells, MDSCs, and type 2 macrophages which have been i

EHA evaluation of the ESMO-Magnitude of Clinical Benefit Scale version 1.1 (ESMO-MCBS v1.1) for haematological malignancies.

ObjectiveValue frameworks in oncology have not been validated for the assessment of treatments in haematological malignancies, but to avoid overlaps and duplications it appears reasonable to build up experience on existing value frameworks, such as the European Society for Medical Oncology-Magnitude of Clinical Benefit Scale (ESMO-MCBS).MethodsHere we present the results of the first feasibility testing of the ESMO-MCBS v1.1 for haematological malignancies based on the grading of 80 contemporary studies for acute leukaemia, chronic leukaemia, lymphoma, myeloma and myelodysplastic syndromes. Th

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… Treatment of myelodysplastic syndrome patients with erythropoietin with or without granulocyte colony-stimulating factor: results of a prospective randomized phase 3 trial by the eastern cooperative Oncology Group (E1996). Blood 2009;114:2393–400. 10.1182/blood-2009-03-211797 113. … Health, economic, and quality-of-life effects of erythropoietin and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor for the treatment of myelodysplastic syndromes: a randomized, controlled trial. Blood 2004;104:321–7. 10.1182/blood-2003-07-2252 114. Platzbecker U, Symeonidis A, Oliva EN, et al. …

Факторы риска, выходящие за рамки воздействия химиотерапии на вторичные миелоидные неоплазмы после рака гематологов: исследование на основе СЭЭУ.

UNLABELLED. По мере того, как показатели выживаемости лимфоидных магнатов продолжают улучшаться, для выживших людей все большее значение приобретает понимание поздних последствий после лечения, таких, как вторичные миелоидные новообразования (SMN). В этом крупномасштабном исследовании населения (SEER-Medicare) были изучены факторы риска и кумулятивная распространенность SMN у пациентов с диагнозом диффузной большой лимфомы B-клеток (DLBCL), фолликулярной лимфомы (FL) и множественной миеломы между 2000 и 2011, с последующими мерами 2015. Пациенты с ПЛ постоянно увеличивают совокупное число НРМ

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… Acute myeloid leukemia or myelodysplastic syndrome following use of granulocyte colony-stimulating factors during breast cancer adjuvant chemotherapy . J Natl Cancer Inst 2007 ; 99 : 196 – 205 . 17284714 10.1093/jnci/djk028 14. … Acute myeloid leukemia or myelodysplastic syndrome in randomized controlled clinical trials of cancer chemotherapy with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor: a systematic review . J Clin Oncol 2010 ; 28 : 2914 – 24 . 20385991 10.1200/JCO.2009.25.8723 15. Lyman GH , Dale DC . …

Radiation induced oral mucositis.

PATIENTS RECEIVING RADIOTHERAPY OR CHEMOTHERAPY WILL RECEIVE SOME DEGREE OF ORAL MUCOSITIS THE INCIDENCE OF ORAL MUCOSITIS WAS ESPECIALLY HIGH IN PATIENTS: (i) With primary tumors in the oral cavity, oropharynx, or nasopharynx; (ii) who also received concomitant chemotherapy; (iii) who received a total dose over 5,000 cGy; and (iv) who were treated with altered fractionation radiation schedules. Radiation-induced oral mucositis affects the quality of life of the patients and the family concerned. The present day management of oral mucositis is mostly palliative and or supportive care. The newe

Can Neutrophil/Lymphocyte Ratio be a Predictor for Bone Metastases of Solid Tumors?

Cancer-associated inflammation has been receiving increased attention due to its role in cancer development. It is known that tumors can cause an inflammatory reaction and inflammatory cells play an important role in neoplastic growth. In this study, we aimed to investigate any relationship between bone metastases and the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR). Patients who were referred for bone scintigraphy to investigate bone metastasis were enrolled in the study. Patients' hematological parameters were obtained from the hospital database retrospectively. Patients with a nonmetastatic bone sc

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… Tumor-related inflammation may cause direct or indirect increases in cytokines, inhibition of apoptosis, and increases in angiogenesis.[ 2 8 ] Tumor cells release granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (GCSF) that can trigger neutrophilia. …

Role of T cells and cytokines in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis.

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a long-term autoimmune disease. It causes persistent joint inflammation, aberrant tissue growth, and progressive joint deterioration. T cells have a key role in the onset of RA. They identify and trigger other immune cells, and produce inflammatory signals such as interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-17 (IL-17), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). Prolonged inflammation and tissue damage are caused by an imbalance between regulatory T cells (Tregs) and pro-inflammatory T helper 17 (Th17) cells. Additionally, the condition is exacerbated by uncontrolled cytokine netwo

Эффективность бортезомиба в сочетании с гипер-CVAD у взрослых с рецидивом острой лимфоболической лейкемии или положительными измеримыми остаточными заболеваниями; воздействие бортезомиба в лейкемии.

Несмотря на прогресс, достигнутый в лечении острой лимфоболической лейкемии (ОЛЛ), рецидив остается наиболее серьезной проблемой в деле улучшения прогнозирования. Оценка измеримых остаточных заболеваний (MRD) может спрогнозировать рецидив костного мозга на основе позитивности MRD. Поскольку доступ к инновационным методам лечения по-прежнему ограничен из-за высоких затрат, химиотерапия является широко используемым вариантом лечения. Об эффективности сочетания бортезомби и Hyper-CVAD сообщалось у пациентов с множественной миеломой; однако его эффективность еще не была подтверждена у пациентов, и

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… Toxicity and outcome All 43 patients who received treatment experienced grade 4 hematological toxicity requiring granulocyte colony-stimulating factor and transfusion support. Febrile neutropenia occurred in 62.8% (n = 27) patients, necessitating broad-spectrum antibiotic treatment. … Treatment of relapsed adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia with fludarabine and cytosine arabinoside followed by granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (FLAG-GCSF). Leuk Lymphoma. 1997;25(5–6):579–83. Available from: 10.3109/10428199709039047 24. Yavuz S, Paydas S, Disel U, Sahin B. …

Inflammatory Signaling Pathways in Preleukemic and Leukemic Stem Cells.

Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are a rare subset of bone marrow cells that usually exist in a quiescent state, only entering the cell cycle to replenish the blood compartment, thereby limiting the potential for errors in replication. Inflammatory signals that are released in response to environmental stressors, such as infection, trigger active cycling of HSCs. These inflammatory signals can also directly induce HSCs to release cytokines into the bone marrow environment, promoting myeloid differentiation. After stress myelopoiesis is triggered, HSCs require intracellular signaling programs to

Acute Respiratory Failure After Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation

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… Use of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) has been identified as a risk factor. Major criteria for diagnosis include fever without infectious etiology, rash involving more than 25% total body surface area and pulmonary edema. …

T1 Mapping in Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance-A Marker of Diffuse Myocardial Fibrosis in Patients Undergoing Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation.

Introduction: Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) recipients are at increased risk of cardiovascular diseases. In our study, we aimed to find subclinical changes in myocardial tissue after HSCT with the help of cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) tissue imaging techniques. Methods: The data of 44 patients undergoing autologous and allogeneic HSCT in the Hospital of Lithuanian University of Health Sciences Kaunas Clinics from October 2021 to February 2023 were analyzed. Bioethics approval for the prospective study was obtained (No BE-2-96). CMR was performed two times: before enr

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… HSC with properties of long-term hematopoietic reconstitution can be identified from bone marrow or chemotherapy and/or granulocyte colony-stimulating factors (G-CSF) mobilized peripheral blood or umbilical cord blood [ 5 , 6 , 7 ]. … Hematopoietic stem cell harvesting for autologous HSCT was performed with chemotherapy and granulocyte colony stimulating factors (G-CSF)—chemo-mobilization. …

Targeted antineoplastic therapy in critically ill cancer patients: a multicenter analysis of the iCHOP registry.

Approximately 20% of intensive care unit (ICU) patients have cancer, and their prognosis has markedly improved in recent years. In addition to improved treatment in the ICU, this is a result of advancements in cancer therapies, including the use of targeted therapies (TTs), such as antibodies and small-molecule kinase inhibitors. Despite the increasing use of TT, there are currently no comprehensive studies examining critically ill cancer patients receiving TT in the ICU. We studied the clinical characteristics of a multicenter cohort of cancer patients who received TT in the ICU. To this end,

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… colony-stimulating factor | Targeted therapy N = 106 a | No targeted therapy N = 1,656 a | Overall N = 1,762 a | p b Details of ICU admission, management and cancer therapy Reason for ICU admission | | | | 0.006 Respiratory | 34 (32%) | 564 (34%) | 598 (34%) | Shock | 9 (8.5%) | 272 (16%) | 281 … Abbreviations Body mass index Chemotherapy Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor Hazard ratio International Multicenter Working Group and Registry of Intensive Care Medicine in Hematologig and Oncologic Patients Intensive care unit Interquartile range Radiotherapy Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation …

Acute Myeloid Leukemia in Children: Emerging Paradigms in Genetics and New Approaches to Therapy.

Purpose of reviewAcute myeloid leukemia (AML) in children remains a challenging disease to cure with suboptimal outcomes particularly when compared to the more common lymphoid leukemias. Recent advances in the genetic characterization of AML have enhanced understanding of individualized patient risk, which has also led to the development of new therapeutic strategies. Here, we review key cytogenetic and molecular features of pediatric AML and how new therapies are being used to improve outcomes.Recent findingsRecent studies have revealed an increasing number of mutations, including WT1, CBFA2T