Результаты поиска

Critically Ill Immunosuppressed Host

Аннотация не предоставлена источником. Откройте карточку для перехода к публикации.

Antibody-Drug Conjugates for Cancer Therapy.

Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) are novel drugs that exploit the specificity of a monoclonal antibody (mAb) to reach target antigens expressed on cancer cells for the delivery of a potent cytotoxic payload. ADCs provide a unique opportunity to deliver drugs to tumor cells while minimizing toxicity to normal tissue, achieving wider therapeutic windows and enhanced pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic properties. To date, nine ADCs have been approved by the FDA and more than 80 ADCs are under clinical development worldwide. In this paper, we provide an overview of the biology and chemistry of each co

YKL-40-A Protein in the Field of Translational Medicine: A Role as a Biomarker in Cancer Patients?

YKL-40 is a 40 kDa glycoprotein produced by cancer cells, inflammatory cells and stem cells. It probably has a role in cell proliferation and differentiation, inflammation, protection against apoptosis, stimulation of angiogenesis, and regulation of extracellular tissue remodelling. Plasma levels of YKL-40 are often elevated in patients with localized or advanced cancer compared to age-matched healthy subjects. Several studies have demonstrated that high plasma YKL-40 is an independent prognostic biomarker of short survival in patients with different types of cancer. However, there is not yet

HMMR in human cancers: regulatory mechanism and biological function.

Hyaluronan-mediated motility receptor (HMMR), also referred to as RHAMM or CD168, has gained recognition as a multifunctional protein that mediates the transmission of extracellular matrix-derived hyaluronan (HA) signals to intracellular pathways regulating tumor growth, migration, and mitosis. Overexpression of HMMR is observed in various cancers, including head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, breast cancer, lung cancer, and prostate cancer, as well as several hematologic malignancies. This elevated expression correlates with poor prognosis, rendering it a valuable marker for survival predi

Epigenetic profiling reveals key super-enhancer networks driving oncogenesis in HPV-positive HNSCC.

Human papillomavirus-positive (HPV+) head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is a growing subset of cancer cases distinct from HPV-negative by fewer genetic mutations and prevalent epigenetic dysregulation. We mapped H3K27ac-marked super-enhancers (SEs) via ChIP-seq in HPV+ patient-derived xenografts (PDXs) and normal oropharyngeal mucosa, identifying tumor-specific SE domains (T-SEDs) enriched for transcription factors (TFs) including TP63, FOSL1, and JUND. These SE-associated TFs regulate key oncogenic pathways and are downregulated by BRD4 inhibition with JQ1, highlighting sensitivity

Multiple Facets of Autophagy and the Emerging Role of Alkylphosphocholines as Autophagy Modulators.

Autophagy is a highly conserved multistep process and functions as passage for degrading and recycling protein aggregates and defective organelles in eukaryotic cells. Based on the nature of these materials, their size and degradation rate, four types of autophagy have been described, i.e. chaperone mediated autophagy, microautophagy, macroautophagy, and selective autophagy. One of the major regulators of this process is mTOR, which inhibits the downstream pathway of autophagy following the activation of its complex 1 (mTORC1). Alkylphosphocholine (APC) derivatives represent a novel class of a

Osteocytes in the Metastatic Bone Niche: Mechanistic Pathways and Therapeutic Targets.

Osteocytes, once viewed mainly as passive bone-embedded cells, are now recognized as active regulators of the metastatic bone niche. Emerging evidence indicates that these cells integrate mechanical, inflammatory, and tumor-derived cues to influence metastatic seeding, dormancy, reactivation, and lesion progression in bone. This review synthesizes current understanding of osteocyte contributions to skeletal metastasis. We discuss core signaling axes, including osteocyte-derived RANKL/OPG balance, Wnt antagonists (sclerostin/DKK1), mechanotransduction pathways (Piezo1 signaling and connexin-43

The Multifaceted Nature of GLP-1: Molecular Mechanisms and Signaling Pathways in Metabolic and Neurodegenerative Diseases.

The aim of this article is to present the current state of knowledge regarding the use of GLP-1 agonists in the treatment of type 2 diabetes, obesity, and other potential clinical indications, including neurodegenerative conditions. The article describes the characteristics of the diseases discussed, with particular emphasis on the pathophysiological mechanisms and the impact of metabolic disorders on the course of the diseases. In addition, the specific role of GLP-1 receptor agonists and their mechanisms of action leading to improved clinical outcomes were discussed, including their impact o

Infectious Complications of Antibody-Drug Conjugates: A Review of Safety Data from FDA-Approved Agents.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: With fifteen agents now FDA-approved and indications expanding into earlier treatment lines, antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) represent a rapidly growing class of targeted cancer therapeutics. Despite their selective mechanism of action, infectious complications are clinically significant and have been flagged as a disproportionate safety signal in post-marketing surveillance. This review characterizes the infection risk profiles of all fifteen FDA-approved ADCs through systematic extraction of prescribing information and pivotal trial safety data, and examines the pathophysi

Human Cancers Derived from Either Genetic or Lifestyle Factors Are Initiated by Impaired Estrogen Signaling.

BackgroundGenetic studies have found that a germline BRCA1 gene mutation is the origin of highly increased cancer risk. Clinical studies have suggested that increased cancer risk in type-2 diabetes may be attributed to unhealthy lifestyle factors and bad habits.PurposePatients with either BRCA1 gene mutation or type-2 diabetes similarly exhibit increased cancer risk, insulin resistance, and fertility disorders. It was suggested that these three alterations derive from a common genomic failure, and its recognition may shed light on the unsolved secret of cancer.Results(1) Germline mutations on

Potential Protective Role Exerted by Secoiridoids from Olea europaea L. in Cancer, Cardiovascular, Neurodegenerative, Aging-Related, and Immunoinflammatory Diseases.

Iridoids, which have beneficial health properties, include a wide group of cyclopentane [c] pyran monoterpenoids present in plants and insects. The cleavage of the cyclopentane ring leads to secoiridoids. Mainly, secoiridoids have shown a variety of pharmacological effects including anti-diabetic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, immunosuppressive, neuroprotective, anti-cancer, and anti-obesity, which increase the interest of studying these types of bioactive compounds in depth. Secoiridoids are thoroughly distributed in several families of plants such as Oleaceae, Valerianaceae, Gentianaceae a

Совпадение в полном тексте источника
… Structural modifications occur via conjugation in small intestinal epithelial cells or in liver, after transport through the portal system. Metabolites reach the general blood circle, from which they are excreted in the urine [ 55 ]. …

E-Posters

Аннотация не предоставлена источником. Откройте карточку для перехода к публикации.

Bone targeted nano-drug and nano-delivery.

There are currently no targeted delivery systems to satisfactorily treat bone-related disorders. Many clinical drugs consisting of small organic molecules have a short circulation half-life and do not effectively reach the diseased tissue site. This coupled with repeatedly high dose usage that leads to severe side effects. With the advance in nanotechnology, drugs contained within a nano-delivery device or drugs aggregated into nanoparticles (nano-drugs) have shown promises in targeted drug delivery. The ability to design nanoparticles to target bone has attracted many researchers to develop n

Lenalidomide in multiple myeloma: an evidence-based review of its role in therapy.

INTRODUCTION: Multiple myeloma (MM) is a relatively common and incurable hematological malignancy. Currently, there is no single standard therapy, with choice of treatment dependent on individual patient factors. Lenalidomide is an immunomodulatory drug with potent antitumor, antiangiogenic, immunomodulatory, and proapoptotic activity in MM. AIMS: To evaluate the evidence for the use of lenalidomide in its current indication in relapsed or refractory MM, and additionally its investigational use for the treatment of newly diagnosed MM. EVIDENCE REVIEW: In patients with relapsed and refractory

Chemokines and their receptors in oral squamous cell carcinoma: mechanisms, clinical significance, and therapeutic implications.

Chemokines, a category of cytokines exhibiting chemotactic properties, have been thoroughly investigated as targets in cancer treatment in recent decades. In oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), a prevalent and high-risk malignancy of the head and neck, chemokines interact with their specific receptors to initiate downstream signaling pathways. This signaling influences not only tumor cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and metastasis of oral cancer cells but also angiogenesis and vascular maturation. Furthermore, they modulate the tumor microenvironment (TME), which consists of diverse c

Cancer status in the Occupied Palestinian Territories: types; incidence; mortality; sex, age, and geography distribution; and possible causes.

Cancer is a disease in which some cells of the body grow uncontrollably and occasionally spread to other parts of the body. With a group of more than 100 different types, cancer can start almost anywhere in the body. Defective cells may form a mass called a tumor which can be cancerous (malignant), which grows and spreads to other parts of the body, or benign that can grow but not spread throughout the body. In 2021, more than 10 million people died of cancer worldwide (1 out of 6 deaths). This paper has thoroughly investigated the cancer status in the Occupied Palestinian Territories (OPT), i

Salmonella enterica and outer membrane vesicles are current and future options for cancer treatment.

Conventional cancer therapies have many limitations. In the last decade, it has been suggested that bacteria-mediated immunotherapy may circumvent the restrictions of traditional treatments. For example, Salmonella enterica is the most promising bacteria for treating cancer due to its intrinsic abilities, such as killing tumor cells, targeting, penetrating, and proliferating into the tumor. S. enterica has been genetically modified to ensure safety and increase its intrinsic antitumor efficacy. This bacterium has been used as a vector for delivering anticancer agents and as a combination thera

Infectious Diseases

Аннотация не предоставлена источником. Откройте карточку для перехода к публикации.

Classical Hodgkin Lymphoma: From Past to Future-A Comprehensive Review of Pathophysiology and Therapeutic Advances.

Hodgkin lymphoma, a hematological malignancy of lymphoid origin that typically arises from germinal-center B cells, has an excellent overall prognosis. However, the treatment of patients who relapse or develop resistant disease still poses a substantial clinical and research challenge, even though current risk-adapted and response-based treatment techniques produce overall survival rates of over 95%. The appearance of late malignancies after the successful cure of primary or relapsed disease continues to be a major concern, mostly because of high survival rates. Particularly in pediatric HL pa

Homocysteine and Multiple Health Outcomes: An Outcome-Wide Umbrella Review of Meta-analyses and Mendelian Randomization Studies.

Elevated levels of homocysteine (Hcy) are associated with various health outcomes. We aimed to systematically assess the credibility and certainty of evidence of associations of Hcy and Hcy-lowering therapies with various health outcomes. We retrieved observational meta-analyses examining the associations between Hcy and health outcomes, interventional meta-analyses investigating health outcomes related to Hcy-lowering treatments, and Mendelian randomization (MR) studies exploring the causal associations of Hcy with health outcomes to perform an umbrella review. A total of 135 observational me