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Multiple pathways to tumor immunity and concomitant autoimmunity.

The immune repertoire contains T cells and B cells that can recognize autologous cancer cells. This repertoire is directed against self, and in some cases altered self (mutations). Priming immune responses against self antigens can be difficult. Strategies are presented using altered self to elicit immunity against self in poorly immunogenic tumor models. Mechanisms underlying immunity to self antigens on cancer cells show that the immune system can use diverse strategies for cancer immunity, in both the immunization and the effector phases. CD4+ T cells are typically, but not always, required

Вторичные аутоиммунные дерматологические расстройства, вызываемые агентами по биологическому иммунотерапии с множественным склерозом: систематический обзор сообщений о случаях.

ONTEXT: Множественный склероз (MS) является разрушительным аутоиммунным нейродегенеративным заболеванием, в связи с которым лекарственные средства для лечения заболеваний (DMD) ассоциируются с вторичными аутоиммунными дерматологическими расстройствами. ЦЕЛИ: Данный систематический обзор докладов по конкретным делам направлен на изучение документально подтвержденных сообщений о случаях применения биологических препаратов при борьбе с нападениями с применением НР и распространением заболеваний, которые коррелируют с такими дерматологическими осложнениями. ИСТОЧНИКИ: Был проведен систематический

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… , 10 months after 2nd infusion | NM | NM | A 31 year-old woman | 2016/Germany | RRMS Ruck et al., 2018 ( 26 ) | Vitiligo | MS Since 2001, fingolimod | 18 months after initiation (6 month after the 2nd dose) | NM | NM | A 34 year-old A man | 2017/Germany | MS Ruck et al., 2018 ( 26 ) | Vitiligo | MS since … Immune thrombocytopenia, hemolytic anemia, hepatitis, encephalitis, myasthenia gravis, Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome, sarcoidosis, vitiligo, alopecia, myositis, and type 1 diabetes are additional autoimmune sequelae of this therapeutic agent ( 39 ). …

Cutaneous Skin Toxicities of Oncological Targeted Therapies: Comprehensive Overview of Mechanisms, Management, and Research Gaps-A Narrative Review.

Targeted therapies in oncology have become a mainstay in therapy of numerous types of cancers. They work by targeting and utilizing (activating, inhibiting, or modulating) molecular pathways that are crucial in pathogenesis of certain cancers and can be divided into numerous classes according to their mechanism. However, since the antigens and molecules they target can take part in homeostasis of the skin and the integument, cutaneous toxicities are a common occurrence. The frequency of certain cutaneous adverse events (CAEs) depends on the causal drug and varies even between drugs of the same

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… Vitiligo-like lesions can also be observed [ 65 ]. Anti-CD3 and GPRC5D Bispecific antibodies target two antigens simultaneously. … Vitiligo Most cases of CDK4/6-associated vitiligo-like AEs are mild and very rarely a reason for treatment discontinuation [ 80 ]. Treatment guidelines are summarized in Table 11 . …

Полиаутоимунитет и множественные аутоиммунные синдромы: забытая клиническая проблема.

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… The coexistence of two autoimmune diseases is relatively common, with prevalence rates exceeding 30% in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), type 1 diabetes mellitus, Sjögren’s syndrome, and systemic sclerosis, and to a lesser extent in vitiligo, multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, and myasthenia … From my own experience in the Iranian clinical settings, I have encountered several patients with MAS involving combinations such as SLE, autoimmune thyroiditis, and vitiligo. These cases often present with atypical symptom progression and require nuanced diagnostic strategies. …

Association between lichen sclerosus and thyroid diseases: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background Lichen sclerosus (LS) is a chronic inflammatory dermatosis characterised by ivory-white patches to plaques. Evidence suggests an autoimmune aetiology for LS, given its association with various autoimmune conditions, such as autoimmune thyroiditis, alopecia areata (AA), and vitiligo. However, the association between LS and thyroid diseases remained controversial. Aim We aimed to investigate the association between LS and thyroid diseases. Methods We performed a systematic review of studies on the association between LS and thyroid diseases. We searched CENTRAL, MEDLINE, and Embase fr…

Large Intragenic Deletion in DSTYK Underlies Autosomal-Recessive Complicated Spastic Paraparesis, SPG23.

SPG23 is an autosomal-recessive neurodegenerative subtype of lower limb spastic paraparesis with additional diffuse skin and hair dyspigmentation at birth followed by further patchy pigment loss during childhood. Previously, genome-wide linkage in an Arab-Israeli pedigree mapped the gene to an approximately 25 cM locus on chromosome 1q24-q32. By using whole-exome sequencing in a further Palestinian-Jordanian SPG23 pedigree, we identified a complex homozygous 4-kb deletion/20-bp insertion in DSTYK (dual serine-threonine and tyrosine protein kinase) in all four affected family members. DSTYK is

Inflammasome-mediated autoinflammatory disorders.

The nucleotide-binding domain leucine-rich repeat containing (NLR) family of receptors are members of the innate immune system, and have a critical role in host defense. These molecules are key to driving inflammatory responses to abnormal cellular conditions. Many NLRs serve this role on activation by forming a multiprotein complex called an inflammasome. The inflammasome drives the processing and release of cytokines, such as the proinflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18. Recently, the important function of NLR molecules in autoinflammatory disorders has been recognized, in par

Предлагаемые причинно-следственные связи между 17 аутоиммунные заболевания и панкреатит: A two- Выбрать менделианское исследование случайности.

В ходе эпидемиологических исследований сообщалось о взаимосвязи между различными аутоиммунными заболеваниями (АД) и панкреатитом. В ходе этого исследования систематически проводилось изучение причинно-следственного воздействия факторов АД на панкреатит с использованием менделийской случайности (МС). Мы выбрали 17 Обычные АД как воздействие из самого крупного набора данных исследований в рамках всей ассоциации геномов в Европе. К числу результирующих переменных относятся острый панкреатит (АП), хронический панкреатит (CP), острый панкреатит, вызванный алкоголем, и хронический панкреатит, вызван

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… In addition, datasets for each AD were obtained from the GWAS and Finngen datasets open to IEU as exposures, including RA, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), Eczema, Psoriasis, Vitiligo, multiple sclerosis (MS), myasthenia gravis (MG), narcolepsy, type 1 diabetes (T1D), graves’ disease (GD), hashimoto … For connective tissue diseases (RA, SLE, psoriasis, eczema, and vitiligo), [ 28 ] however, we did not observe genetic causality with pancreatitis. …

Rhododenol-induced leukoderma in a mouse model mimicking Japanese skin.

BACKGROUND: Rhododendrol, 4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-butanol, Rhododenol(®) (RD), a naturally occurring phenolic compound, was developed as a tyrosinase inhibitor for skin-lightening/whitening cosmetics. In 2013, skin depigmentation was reported in consumers using RD-containing skin-brightening cosmetics; this condition is called RD-induced leukoderma. OBJECTIVE: The etiology of RD-induced leukoderma is still largely unknown. Here, to assess the depigmentation potential of RD, we developed a new mouse model of leukoderma by topically applying RD. METHODS: Hairless hk14-SCF Tg mice with melanocyte

CTLA-4 in autoimmune diseases--a general susceptibility gene to autoimmunity?

For most autoimmune disorders, the pattern of inheritance is very complex. The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) gene complex has been implicated as the major genetic component in the predisposition to these diseases but other genes are likely to be involved. Based on function and experimental data, the gene encoding cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA4) has been suggested as a candidate gene for conferring susceptibility to autoimmunity. In this review, we critically evaluate the evidence for pathogenetical involvement of CTLA-4 in the different autoimmune diseases with foc

[Data mining and toxicity profile analysis of immune checkpoint inhibitor-related skin toxicity events based on FAERS].

OBJECTIVES: The widespread use of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) has led to breakthrough advances for patients with various advanced so … ors pembrolizumab and nivolumab had higher numbers of reported cases of immune-mediated dermatitis, vitiligo, psoriasis, and other skin toxicity events than other ICIs. Comparison of outcomes of skin toxicity reactions caused by different drugs revealed that nivolumab-related cases had the highest numbers of reports of hospitalization, death, and life-thre …

Trends in the prevalence of autoimmune diseases during pregnancy in the UK, 2000-21: a retrospective cohort study.

BACKGROUND: Autoimmune diseases are increasingly prevalent worldwide and disproportionately affect women of reproductive age, including duri … c arthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, Sjögren's disease, SLE, systemic sclerosis, type 1 diabetes, and vitiligo) in pregnancies among women of reproductive age (15-49 years) from Jan 1, 2000, to Dec 31, 2021. Logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios, describing the relationship between women's characteristics (age, ethnicity, deprivation, BMI, smo …

Towards standard setting for patient-reported outcomes in the NHS homeopathic hospitals.

INTRODUCTION: We report findings from a pilot data collection study within a programme of quality assurance, improvement and development acr … ; allergy (unspecified); fibromyalgia; migraine; premenstrual syndrome; chronic rhinitis; headache; vitiligo; seasonal allergic rhinitis; chronic intractable pain; insomnia; ulcerative colitis; acne; psoriatic arthropathy; urticaria; ovarian cancer; attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD); epilepsy; sinusitis. The proportion of patients with import …

Epidemiology and estimated population burden of selected autoimmune diseases in the United States.

Autoimmune diseases cause significant and chronic morbidity and disability. The actual number of persons in the United States that are affec … rates were Graves'/hyperthyroidism, IDDM, pernicious anemia, rheumatoid arthritis, thyroiditis, and vitiligo, comprising an estimated 7,939, 280 people or 93% of the total number estimated. Glomerulonephritis, MS, and SLE added an estimated 323,232 people. The prevalence of the other diseases reviewed were rare, less than 5.14/100,000. Most diseases were m …

Skin manifestations associated with systemic diseases - Part II.

The skin, by reflecting internal processes, externalizes what happens inside the body in many diseases. Thus, the skin, as an organ, extrapolates its functions of protection, barrier and signals the existence of systemic diseases, expanding the importance of the dermatologist beyond the skin surface. Thus, the dermatologist investigates diagnostic hypotheses for conditions related to all systems and refers patients to the appropriate specialty. Combined with examination by a trained eye, the skin, due to its easy access, is still the ideal place for performing biopsies, which often clarify the

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… Additionally, drug-induced cases have been reported. 1 Vitiligo: it is an autoimmune disease which often occurs concomitantly with other autoimmune diseases, such as insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and thyroid disease. … Vitiligo: may be associated with melanoma, especially if it appears after the 4 th decade of life. Hormone Secretory Syndromes Carcinoid syndrome: see the topic on cardiovascular diseases above. …

Oncolytic virus therapy in the elderly: immune frailty, challenges, and perspectives.

With global aging accelerating, cancer incidence among older adults is rapidly increasing. Individuals aged ≥65 years now represent 64% of new cancer cases and 71.3% of cancer-related deaths worldwide. This population exhibits a distinct immune imbalance-driven by tumor-induced immunosuppression, immunosenescence, and inflammaging-which contributes to poor tolerance of standard therapies and suboptimal outcomes with PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors. As an emerging immunotherapeutic strategy, oncolytic viruses (OVs) selectively infect tumor cells, induce immunogenic cell death (ICD), and activate the cGAS

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… As a result, OV therapy has been associated with various immune-related adverse events (irAEs), including vitiligo, lupus vasculitis, psoriasis, pneumonitis, and encephalitis ( 25 ). … , psoriasis, pneumonitis) | High proportion of elderly in melanoma cohort highlights the presence of "manageable but real" autoimmune risk | ( 131 ) Case series: T-VEC–induced vitiligo | Associated with durable responses | Case series (melanoma) | Reports of vitiligo-like lesions following injection, …

Множественная склерозовая диагностика и дифференциальное диагностирование пациентов с типом four "Зерковный шаблон" Олиголональные группы CSF.

КОЛИЧЕСТВО: Присутствие олигоклонных полос (ОСБ), ограниченных цереброспинной жидкостью, характеризует большинство пациентов с множественным склерозом (МС). Имеется мало данных о частоте диагностирования MS и основных альтернативных диагнозах у пациентов с демиелинизирующим событием в центральной нервной системе (CNS) и схемой CSF IV, так называемой " зеркальной модели " . МЕТОДЫ: Seventy-six В это исследование были включены пациенты, имеющие ОХБ IV-го образца после клинического атаки, наводящего на мысль о демиелинации CNS. - диагностический анализ, включая анализ крови, анализ кров

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… Thyroid pathology (5 Hypothyroidism): 5 (9.8%) Rheumatologic disorders: (5 ANA + , 1 FR +): 6 (11.8%) Monoclonal gammopathy: 2 (3.9%) Breast cancer: 2 (3.9%) Ovarian cancer: 2 (3.9%) Migraine: 2 (3.9%) Crohn’s disease: 1 (2%) Type 1 diabetes mellitus: 1 (2%) Celiac disease: 1 (2%) Colon cancer: 1 (2%) Vitiligo … Thyroid pathology (5 Hypothyroidism): 5 (9.8%) Rheumatologic disorders: (5 ANA + , 1 FR +): 6 (11.8%) Monoclonal gammopathy: 2 (3.9%) Breast cancer: 2 (3.9%) Ovarian cancer: 2 (3.9%) Migraine: 2 (3.9%) Crohn’s disease: 1 (2%) Type 1 diabetes mellitus: 1 (2%) Celiac disease: 1 (2%) Colon cancer: 1 (2%) Vitiligo …

Rhododendrol, a depigmentation-inducing phenolic compound, exerts melanocyte cytotoxicity via a tyrosinase-dependent mechanism.

Rhododendrol, an inhibitor of melanin synthesis developed for lightening/whitening cosmetics, was recently reported to induce a depigmentary disorder principally at the sites of repeated chemical contact. Rhododendrol competitively inhibited mushroom tyrosinase and served as a good substrate, while it also showed cytotoxicity against cultured human melanocytes at high concentrations sufficient for inhibiting tyrosinase. The cytotoxicity was abolished by phenylthiourea, a chelator of the copper ions at the active site, and by specific knockdown of tyrosinase with siRNA. Hence, the cytotoxicity

Mutations at the mouse microphthalmia locus are associated with defects in a gene encoding a novel basic-helix-loop-helix-zipper protein.

Mice with mutations at the microphthalmia (mi) locus have some or all of the following defects: loss of pigmentation, reduced eye size, failure of secondary bone resorption, reduced numbers of mast cells, and early onset of deafness. Using a transgenic insertional mutation at this locus, we have identified a gene whose expression is disrupted in transgenic animals. This gene encodes a novel member of the basic-helix-loop-helix-leucine zipper (bHLH-ZIP) protein family of transcription factors, is altered in mice carrying two independent mi alleles (mi and miws), and is expressed in the developi