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Diffusion basis spectrum imaging of white matter in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder.

Multiple studies point to the role of neuroinflammation in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia (SCZ), however, there have been few in vivo … several WM tracts. There were only minimal WM abnormalities noted in BPD, mainly in regions of the corpus callosum (increase in DTI-derived RD and extra-axonal water). DBSI metrics showed significant partial correlations with psychosis and mood symptoms across groups. Our findings suggest that SCZ involves generalized white matter neuroinflammation, decreased fi …

Fronto-limbic disconnection correlates with paroxysmal sympathetic hyperactivity following traumatic brain injury: An indirect disconnection-symptom mapping study.

Paroxysmal sympathetic hyperactivity (PSH) is a clinically important manifestation of dysautonomia following traumatic brain injury (TBI). W … ch also correlated with higher diagnosis likelihood: the right uncinate fasciculus and the anterior corpus callosum. Damaged parcels associated with PSH included left prefrontal regions of the default mode network and the ventral salience network. In summary, our work implicates disconnection of fronto-limbic components of the central autonomic network in the pat …

The hidden brain in cleft: Clinical presentation in patients with median cerebrofacial dysgenesis.

BACKGROUND: Median cerebrofacial dysgenesis (MCFD) is a rare subset of median cerebrofacial malformations, characterized by cleft, hypoplasi … centile for age and gender. Common brain anomalies included hypoplastic to absent septum pellucidum/corpus callosum, frontal lobe fusion, thalamic/basal ganglia fusion, and ventriculomegaly. Craniofacial findings included absent to hypoplastic prolabium/premaxilla, absent upper labial frenulum, nasal hypoplasia, and hypotelorism. Twelve patients survived with sev …

Subcortical and white matter alterations in canine ventriculomegaly: an observational volumetric and voxel-based-morphometry study.

OBJECTIVE: Ventriculomegaly and hydrocephalus are frequently found during routine clinical imaging, and hydrocephalus in dogs has been shown … alterations in cingulate cortex, caudate nucleus, thalamus, hippocampus, geniculate body as well as corpus callosum were observed in dogs of the ventriculomegaly group by both volumetry and VBM. Interestingly, ventriculomegaly affected only lateral ventricles, the 3rd ventricle, and the mesencephalic aqueduct but not the 4th ventricle. DISCUSSION: A clear distinc …

Fetal brain in fetal growth restriction: alterations in cortical morphometry and volume.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate fetal brain midline structures, cortical structures, and brain volume using sonography in cases of fetal growth restriction (FGR) and to compare these findings with those of fetuses demonstrating normal growth. METHODS: This prospective case-control study included 80 FGR cases and 80 fetuses with normal growth curves between 24 and 37 weeks of gestation. Multiplanar neurosonography was performed in all cases according to the International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology (ISUOG) guidelines. The corpus callosum (CC; length, thickness, and fastigium dis…

Intranasally delivered colostrum-derived small extracellular vesicles mitigate acute neuroinflammation in periventricular leukomalacia.

BACKGROUND: Periventricular leukomalacia (PVL) is a predominant white matter injury in preterm infants, leading to lifelong neurodevelopment … reafter. Brains were analyzed at P11. RESULTS: Labeled sEVs were detectable in the hippocampus and corpus callosum (CC) within 3 h of intranasal delivery. LPS increased microglial and astroglial markers (Iba1, GFAP) and reduced neuronal/Oligodendroglial markers (NeuN, Olig2), whereas sEVs treatment partially normalized these indices in both regions. CONCLUSIONS …

Development of a modified weight-drop apparatus for closed-skull, repetitive mild traumatic brain injuries in a mouse model.

Repetitive mild traumatic brain injury (rmTBI) is a major contributor to long-term neurological dysfunction, yet many preclinical models lac … pact models. Among the brain regions investigated, microglial activation was most pronounced in the corpus callosum, neocortex, and olfactory tubercle. These findings underscore the importance of including sex as a biological variable in rmTBI research and support the utility of this model for probing injury thresholds, regional vulnerability, and potential thera …

Neuroteratogenic mechanisms of Zika virus (ZIKV) infection: Insights into fetal brain development disruption and congenital Zika syndrome: A systematic review.

The Zika virus (ZIKV), a mosquito-borne Flavivirus, has emerged as a global health threat due to its severe neuroteratogenic effects, partic … ce and synaptic formation, contributing to cortical thinning, ventriculomegaly, and agenesis of the corpus callosum. Inflammatory responses further exacerbate tissue damage as ZIKV activates TLRs and inflammasomes, increasing proinflammatory cytokines and pyroptosis. Brain organoid and imaging studies highlight the virus's NPC tropism and capacity for lasting neu …

Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) extract promotes myelin restoration and reduces oxidative stress in cuprizone-induced demyelination in C57BL/6 mice.

This study investigated the neuroprotective potential of tomato extract against cuprizone-induced demyelination. Forty-two C57BL/6 male mice … on with hematoxylin and eosin staining of cerebral cortex and Luxol fast blue (LFB) staining of the corpus callosum (CC) And spinal cord, plus biochemical assessment of oxidative stress markers. Quantitative NMR spectroscopy revealed 0.08% lycopene in the extract. Histopathological examination showed significant Cup-induced demyelination in the CC and neuronal da …

Mechanical Characterisation of Grey, White, and Interface Behaviour in the Brain.

PURPOSE: Traumatic brain injury is a significant healthcare burden, mild traumatic brain injuries such as concussions comprising most of the … shear fracture. RESULTS: Grey and white matter differ between cortex/corona radiata and deep brain/corpus callosum, with additional corona radiata variance in shear. The stress relaxation magnitude of grey matter is not strain rate dependent long term; however, white matter relaxation is. Grey and white matter show asymmetric compressibility, with more volume ch …

Clinical Variation and Neuroimaging Patterns in Monozygotic Twins With Arrested X-Linked Adrenoleukodystrophy: A Case Report.

X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy (ALD) is a peroxisomal disorder leading to neural and adrenal tissue deposition of very long-chain fatty acids … ts. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain revealed T2 hyperintensity in the splenium of the corpus callosum in each subject. MRI of the spine revealed a normal signal in the cord; however, the thoracic segment was asymmetrically atrophied. No pathological enhancement was appreciated. Further testing revealed primary adrenal insufficiency and elevated hexa …

White matter degeneration precedes tau aggregation in rats with Alzheimer's-like tauopathy.

Tau pathology is increasingly recognized as a primary driver of white matter (WM) microstructural damage in tauopathies, particularly in Alz … f neurofibrillary aggregates and neuronal loss. Despite the absence of tau pathology in the WM, the corpus callosum exhibited significant atrophy, early axonal damage, and myelin fragmentation. These changes were accompanied by heightened glial activation, increased microglial phagocytic activity, and oligodendrocyte proliferation, without a net increase in total …

Clinical Diagnosis and Differential Diagnosis Between CSF1R- and AARS2-Related Leukoencephalopathy.

CSF1R-related leukoencephalopathy (CSF1R-L) and AARS2-related leukoencephalopathy (AARS2-L) were two disease entities sharing similar phenot … , similar features were found, including lateral ventricle-centered white matter lesions, involving corpus callosum, avoiding U fibers. The lesions showed persistent hyperintensity on DWI image and were not contrasted after gadolinium enhancement. In CSF1R-L, the lesions could be widespread confluent or patchy and spotted, extending to centrum semiovale and subco …

Abnormal white matter microstructure in the amygdala-related fiber tract pathways in patients with trigeminal neuralgia: A multivariate analysis.

Trigeminal neuralgia (TN) is characterized by recurrent, severe facial pain often accompanied by negative emotional states such as anxiety a … (p < 0.05) and higher mean diffusivity in these fiber tracts, mainly located at the splenium of the corpus callosum, bilateral anterior corona radiata, and bilateral external capsule. Correlation analysis revealed that higher PCS scores were significantly associated with increased PFPR scores (r = 0.56, p < 0.001). Furthermore, mediation analysis demonstrated tha …

Neurodevelopmental Disorder with Psychomotor Delay, Hearing Loss, and Spasticity Caused by Compound Heterozygous SPATA5L1 Variants-Expanding Phenotype.

Background:SPATA5L1-related neurodevelopmental disorder is a recently described condition characterized by psychomotor delay, sensorineural … al dysmorphism. Brain MRI showed cortical and white matter atrophy, delayed myelination, and a thin corpus callosum. Vojta neurodevelopmental assessment demonstrated an 11-month motor delay, abnormal responses in all seven Vojta postural reactions, and persistent primitive reflexes. Early EEG recordings were without significant changes, whereas abnormalities emer …

Longitudinally Extensive Transverse Myelitis and Vasculitis by Cryptococcosis in a Non-HIV Patient: A Case Report.

INTRODUCTION: Cryptococcosis is a fungal infection with frequent involvement of the central nervous system, particularly in patients immunoc … enous sinus thrombosis, and multiple cerebral infarcts involving the cerebellum, basal ganglia, and corpus callosum. Cerebrospinal fluid confirmed Cryptococcus fungal infection. Differential diagnoses (infectious, autoimmune, metabolic, demyelinating, and neoplastic) were excluded. Liposomal amphotericin and flucytosine treatment were started for 6 weeks, with pa …

Применение MR Pinger для печати позволило получить значения T1 и T2 в мозге взрослых: системный обзор.

ВВЕДЕНИЕ: Магнитная резонансная съемка (MRI) имеет важное значение для изображений мозга, однако традиционные методы основаны на качественном контрасте, являются трудоемкими и подвержены колебаниям. Магнитный резонансный отпечаток пальцев (MRF) устраняет эти ограничения, позволяя быстро и одновременно картировать свойства многочисленных тканей, таких как T1, T2. Используя динамические параметры приобретения и предварительно составленный словарь сигналов, МРФ обеспечивает надежные качественные карты, повышая диагностическую точность и расширяя применение клинических и исследовательских технолог

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
INTRODUCTION: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is essential for brain imaging, but conventional methods rely on qualitative contrast, are ti … brains, notable regional, sex, age, and hemispheric variations were identified, particularly in the corpus callosum and thalamus. MRF effectively differentiated meningioma subtypes, glioma grades, and IDH mutation status, with T2 values providing particularly predictive for glioma classification. In brain metastases, significant relaxometry differences were noted …

Blocking hippocampal voltage-gated potassium channel Kv1.3 by dalfampridine abrogates cognitive impairment in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis mouse model.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is devastating motor disorders accompanied by cognitive impairments. Dalfampridine (Dal), was approved for treating … tion task. These were accompanied by the reversal of hippocampal neuronal loss and demyelination in corpus callosum. Additionally, Dal inhibited Kv1.3 that enhanced survival signaling, viz; PI3K/Akt. Such activation abates neuroinflammatory markers, glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta (GSK-3β) and nuclear factor-κB levels with subsequent enhancement of BDNF. All thes …

Edaravone protects against cuprizone-induced demyelination in rats by modulating TNF-α/NF-ĸB/NLRP3 signaling and the kynurenine pathway.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a neurodegenerative disorder involving various pathways that affect disease progression and treatment. The kynurenine pathway (KP) has gained attention in MS studies, contributing to demyelination and disease progression. This study aimed to explore the pharmacological effects of edaravone (EDV) on the corpus callosum and the spinal cord in the cuprizone (CPZ) animal model of demyelination. Male Wistar rats were randomly divided into the control, CPZ, and CPZ-EDV groups. CPZ (500 mg/kg/day) was administered via oral gavage for eight weeks, and at the start of the 5th…

Paternal Prenatal and Lactation Exposure to a High-Calorie Diet Shapes Transgenerational Brain Macro- and Microstructure Defects, Impacting Anxiety-Like Behavior in Male Offspring Rats.

Prenatal exposure to high-energy diets (HED) increases the susceptibility to behavioral alterations in the male offspring. We addressed whet … nisotropy and axial diffusivity (AD) in the amygdala, greater apparent diffusion coefficient in the corpus callosum, and greater AD in the hippocampus with respect to the control. Our results suggest that prenatal and lactation exposure to HED programs the transgenerational inheritance of structural brain changes related to anxiety-like behavior in the male offsp …