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[Prediction of mechanism of ginger-processed Anemarrhenae Rhizoma in intervening in cough due to cold and dampness in lung based on network pharmacology].

This study employed network pharmacology, molecular docking, and animal experiments to investigate the mechanism of ginger-processed Anemarrhenae Rhizoma in treating cough due to cold and dampness in lung, aiming to provide a modern pharmacological basis for this therapy. The active ingredients of ginger-processed Anemarrhenae Rhizoma were retrieved from the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform(TCMSP) with the oral bioavailability(OB≥30%) and drug likeness(DL≥0.18) as the screening conditions and from the relevant literature. A library of the active

Trastuzumab-TKI combination in HER2-Positive tumors: a FAERS-Based safety profile and multimodal analysis of Tanespimycin's role in enhancing targeting of the HSP90AA1-PI3K-Akt-mTOR axis.

BACKGROUND: This study addresses the safety profiles and molecular mechanisms of trastuzumab monotherapy and its combination with lapatinib, neratinib, and tucatinib for treating HER2-positive tumors. METHODS: The research integrates a multi-platform approach, including data from the US Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS), network pharmacology, molecular docking, molecular dynamics simulations, and in vitro experiments. Specifically, 38,300 FAERS reports were screened, alongside a series of in silico modeling and laboratory assays to systematically evaluate dru

RNA Therapies in Cardio-Kidney-Metabolic Syndrome: Advancing Disease Management.

Cardio-Kidney-Metabolic (CKM) Syndrome involves metabolic, kidney, and cardiovascular dysfunction, disproportionately affecting disadvantaged groups. Its staging (0-4) highlights the importance of early intervention. While current management targets hypertension, heart failure, dyslipidemia, and diabetes, RNA-based therapies offer innovative solutions by addressing molecular mechanisms of CKM Syndrome. Emerging RNA treatments, including antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) and small interfering RNAs (siRNAs), show promise in slowing disease progression across CKM stages. For example, ASOs and siR

Rechallenge Therapy: New Dimensions in Cancer Therapy.

INTRODUCTION: The evolution of resistance to different types of cancer therapies has become a significant challenge in oncology research, leading to disease progression and limited treatment options. Rechallenge therapy, where a previously used treatment is reintroduced after a period of discontinuation, has emerged as a potential strategy to overcome resistance. METHODS: This review synthesizes current knowledge on rechallenge therapy by analyzing data from clinical trials, retrospective studies, and case reports. A comprehensive examination was conducted across multiple cancer types and the

Brain Metastases from Biliary Tract Cancer: Case Series and Clinicogenomic Analysis.

BACKGROUND: Limited data from small series have suggested that brain metastases from biliary tract cancers (BrM-BTC) affect ≤2% of patients with BTC. We sought to review our experience with patients with BrM-BTC and to identify associations of tumor-related molecular alterations with outcomes. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective review of patients with BTC seen at a tertiary referral center from 2005 to 2021 was performed; patients with BrM-BTC were identified, and clinical and molecular data were collected. RESULTS: Twenty-one of 823 patients with BTC (2.6%) developed BrM. For patients w

Deciphering Pharmacological Targets of Plumbagin in Cisplatin-resistant Ovarian Cancer Model using in vitro and in silico Approaches.

INTRODUCTION: Ovarian cancer (OC) is a malignancy of the female reproductive system for which cisplatin chemotherapy is one of the first-line treatments. Despite the initial response to chemotherapy, such patients eventually develop resistance, which poses a major obstacle to treatment, along with potential side effects. Phytochemicals function as chemosensitizers, offering novel therapies in OC patients by targeting drug resistance, and are perceived to be less toxic. Plumbagin has emerged as an anticancer compound, with some findings suggesting its anti-ovarian cancer activity. However, ther

Biomarker Integration in the Perioperative Management of Early-Stage Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer.

The concept of personalized medicine has tremendous appeal-tailoring diagnosis and treatment to an individual, rather than a "one-size-fits-all" approach. The management of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has rapidly evolved toward strategies increasingly guided by tumor biology and precision oncology. The safety and significant efficacy of biomarker-directed therapies in metastatic disease have fueled interest in applying precision oncology to early-stage, operable NSCLC. Advances in molecular profiling have revealed that a substantial proportion of resected NSCLC harbor actionable driver

Cellular subpopulation remodeling and biphasic molecular dynamics in glioma recurrence: a multi-omics analysis and diagnostic markers screening using liquid biopsy samples.

OBJECTIVE: Glioblastoma (GBM) is a highly aggressive brain tumor with a median survival of about 15 months and frequent recurrence. Liquid biopsy of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and plasma enables minimally invasive detection of tumor-associated molecular signals and may improve early diagnosis of recurrence. This study aims to elucidate the distinct molecular landscapes of cerebrospinal fluid and plasma in glioblastoma, and to identify recurrence-associated biomarkers through an integrated multi-omics framework. METHODS: Using integrated bioinformatic frameworks, gene set enrichment analysis, a

Elacestrant in metastatic breast cancer: current advancements and future perspectives.

INTRODUCTION: Hormone receptor-positive and HER2-negative advanced breast cancer is the most prevalent subtype and poses therapeutic challenges. While endocrine therapy remains the cornerstone of management, acquired resistance, particularly stemming from ESR1 mutations, limits long-term efficacy. Consequently, novel endocrine agents with enhanced potency, oral bioavailability, and favorable tolerability are crucial for overcoming resistance and improving patient outcomes. AREAS COVERED: This review provides a comprehensive evaluation of elacestrant, an orally active selective estrogen recept

Effective treatment of psoriasis with narrow-band UVB phototherapy is linked to suppression of the IFN and Th17 pathways.

Narrow-band ultraviolet-B (NB-UVB) phototherapy is an effective treatment for psoriasis. The molecular mechanisms underlying its efficacy are incompletely understood. To identify NB-UVB-induced molecular pathways that may account for its anti-inflammatory efficacy, gene expression profiling was performed using epidermal RNA from lesional and nonlesional skin from patients with psoriasis undergoing NB-UVB therapy. Downregulation of Th17 signaling pathway was observed during NB-UVB therapy in psoriatic epidermis. Strong inhibition of the Th17 pathway by UVB was confirmed in an ex vivo organ cult

Advances in Gene Therapy for Osteoarthritis: A Review of the Literature.

This review examines advances in gene therapy as a potential disease-modifying treatment for osteoarthritis (OA), a common and multifactorial joint disorder influenced by genetic, mechanical, inflammatory, and metabolic factors. Current therapies, including medications and joint replacement, primarily address symptoms and often yield incomplete patient satisfaction. Improved understanding of cartilage biology and OA pathophysiology has revealed key molecular targets, such as cytokines, transcription factors, and microRNAs, that regulate inflammation and cartilage degradation. Gene therapy aims

Therapy of neurological disorders in systemic vasculitis.

Significant progress has been made in our understanding of the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms associated with vasculitis. Simultaneous involvement of the nervous system and systemic organs points to shared antigenic targets or immune mechanisms operative at both sites. Although specific immunotherapy is not available, the old and new immunomodulatory therapies have been instrumental in providing effective therapy in most of these chronic autoimmune disorders. The treatment of giant cell arteritis, neurosarcoidosis, Wegener's granulomatosis, systemic lupus erythematosus, polyarter

Dual-magnetically driven nanozymes for glioblastoma immunotherapy via magnetothermal and NIR-amplified ferroptosis and apoptosis.

The hindrance posed by the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and the unique characteristics of the tumor microenvironment (TME) remain major challenges in glioblastoma (GBM) therapy. Here, we developed a dual-magnetically driven ultrasmall Mo0.2Fe2.8O4@CeOx/FA (MFCF) nanozyme exhibiting multienzyme catalytic activities for targeted synergistic therapy of GBM. This nanozyme demonstrated dual responsiveness to alternating magnetic fields (AMF) and static magnetic fields, synergized with folic acid (FA)-mediated molecular targeting to enhance BBB penetration and achieve high-precision GBM localization. U

Clinical applications of circulating tumor DNA in indolent B-cell lymphomas.

Indolent B-cell lymphomas are generally incurable with standard therapy and most patients have a prolonged disease course that includes multiple treatments and periods of time in which they do not require therapy. Currently available tools to monitor disease burden and define response to treatment rely heavily on imaging scans that lack tumor specificity are unable to detect disease at the molecular level. Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) is a versatile and promising biomarker being developed across multiple lymphoma subtypes. Advantages of ctDNA include high tumor specificity and limits of detec

Novel Biological Insights and New Developments in Management of Burkitt Lymphoma and High-Grade B-Cell Lymphoma.

Burkitt lymphoma (BL) is highly curable, and prompt institution of therapy is critical to achieving optimal outcomes. Although current "standard" approaches are very effective in disease eradication, treatment-related toxicity makes optimal delivery of curative therapy a challenge, especially in older and immunocompromised individuals. Reduced intensity approaches with fewer toxic complications have been the focus of some recent studies. A critical question is if they can replace "standard" approaches by maintaining high curability with improved tolerability. Additionally, new molecular insigh

New therapeutic strategies for high-risk acute myeloid leukemia.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Treatments for acute myeloid leukemia (AML) had remained essentially unchanged for several years; however, the advent of molecular testing has generated insight into the biology of this disease which is now being translated into clinical practice. New treatment strategies which improve drug delivery and exploit cellular targets are changing the landscape of how we treat this disease. RECENT FINDINGS: Induction therapy is in the process of changing for several patient populations. The introduction of CPX-351 offers a novel strategy for treating patients with therapy-related

Research Progress of Immunotherapy for Gastric Cancer.

Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common gastrointestinal tract cancers worldwide, which has high incidence and mortality rates and poor prognosis. Although multidisciplinary comprehensive therapies consisting of surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and targeted therapy have made great progress in GC treatment, a satisfactory curative effect still cannot be achieved in many circumstances, and the 5-year survival of patients with GC remains to be very low. In China, about 75% of patients with GC are diagnosed in the advanced stage and thus miss the opportunity of surgical resection. Althou

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… Conclusion Collectively, the current treatment methods of GC mainly include surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and molecular targeted therapy, among which medical therapy remains the mainstay for the treatment of advanced GC. …

Optimal first-line treatment strategies of systemic therapy for unresectable gastrointestinal neuroendocrine tumors based on the opinions of Japanese experts.

There are several options for systemic therapy of gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (GEP-NEN), including somatostatin analogues (SSA), molecular-targeted agents, cytotoxic agents, and peptide receptor radionuclide therapy. However, the effectiveness of each agent varies according to the primary site. Although SSA and everolimus are key drugs used for systemic therapy of neuroendocrine tumors arising from the gastrointestinal tract (GI-NET), the optimal strategy for selecting among these modalities remains unexplored. Japanese experts on GI-NET discussed and determined optimal fir

Oxidative stress in neurodegeneration: from a simple insult to a dynamic regulator.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the central role of oxidative stress in neurodegenerative diseases, and to explore its dynamic regulatory features, underlying signaling pathways, and molecular mechanisms, as well as advanced technological strategies for antioxidant intervention. METHODS: This review comprehensively evaluated existing literature on oxidative stress in neurodegenerative diseases. It analyzed key regulatory pathways (Nrf2, Keap1, AMPK, mTOR) and molecular processes, including ferroptosis, NETosis, and mitochondrial quality control systems, along with oxidative damage to DNA, lipids, and

Shaoyao Gancao decoction ameliorates vascular dementia by modulating neuroinflammation and oxidative stress pathways.

BACKGROUND: Vascular dementia (VaD) is a prevalent neurodegenerative disorder for which effective disease-modifying therapies are currently lacking. Shaoyao Gancao Decoction (SGD), a traditional Chinese herbal formula, has demonstrated neuroprotective effects in modern pharmacological studies, suggesting its potential therapeutic value in VaD. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this research was not only to evaluate the therapeutic potential of SGD for VaD but also to decipher its mechanistic basis. METHODS: The prototype components of SGD that enter the brain were identified via UPLC-MS technology