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Topical steroids for nasal polyps.

BACKGROUND: Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) represents inflammatory changes throughout the nose and sinuses from a group of disorders which all lead to swelling and overgrowth of the nasal mucosa. Topical corticosteroids have been the most widely used treatment, with each clinician using different regimes, at different doses, in different settings and with or without sinus surgery. CRSwNP requires ongoing medical management to prevent recurrence. OBJECTIVES: To assess the effects of topical corticosteroids on CRSwNP and to analyse various subgroups, including patients who ha…

Diagnostic benefits of platelet-to-lymphocyte, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte, and albumin-to-globulin ratios in dogs with nasal cavity diseases.

BACKGROUND: A multimodal approach for diagnostic tests under anesthesia is required to diagnose nasal cavity pathology (NP) reliably in dogs. Blood test results may provide clues to the suspected NP. METHODS: This prospective blinded study assessed 72 dogs with chronic nasal discharge due to NPs, and 10 healthy dogs as the control group (CG). NPs were diagnosed using whole-body computed tomography (CT), upper airway endoscopy, examination of nasal mucosal swabs by bacterial and fungal culture, and histopathological examination of nasal mucosa biopsies. The exclusion criteria were the presence

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… In contrast to the diagnosis in human medicine, in which nasal polyps can be part of chronic rhinosinusitis, the etiopathogenesis of hamartomas in the setting of chronic rhinosinusitis in dogs is suspected but not proven. Therefore; dogs with benign nasal mucosal tumors were considered separately. … Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract. 2016;4(4):565–72. doi: 10.1016/j.jaip.2016.04.012. 32. Nguyen DT, Gauchotte G, Arous F, Vignaud JM, Jankowski R. Respiratory epithelial adenomatoid hamartoma of the nose: an updated review. …

Six-year experience with GM test in hematological patients in a public Brazilian tertiary hospital.

Invasive fungal infection (IFI) is frequent in patients with hematologic malignancies or submitted hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT).ObjectivesTo evaluate the role of the GM (galactomannan) test in prescribing therapeutic antifungals; to determine invasive aspergillosis (IA) frequency, the factors associated with positive GM test, and the in-hospital mortality.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective observational study including patients aged 18 or over with hematological malignancy or submitted to HSCT. GM test was measured twice weekly. The hypothesis of IFI was considered in patien

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… Lung abnormalities on HRCT were identified in 76 (45.8 %), and Invasive Rhinosinusitis (RSI) in 35 (7.1 %) ( Table 3 ). … IFI, Invasive Fungal Infection; IA, Invasive Aspergillosis; HSTC, Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation; IRS, Invasive Rhinosinusitis; HRCT, High-Resolution Chest Tomography. a Six patients had more than one IFI. …

Respiratory and Thoracic Medicine

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… Lymphocytic–plasmacytic, eosinophilic, and idiopathic rhinosinusitis are a constellation of diagnoses obtained by way of histopathology that are collectively referred to as chronic rhinosinusitis. … FIGURE 30-8 Mucopurulent nasal discharge is common with chronic rhinosinusitis. FIGURE 30-8 Mucopurulent nasal discharge is common with chronic rhinosinusitis. …

Pelargonium sidoides extract for treating acute respiratory tract infections.

BACKGROUND: Pelargonium sidoides (P. sidoides), also known as Umckaloabo, is a herbal remedy thought to be effective in the treatment of acu … were serious. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: P. sidoides may be effective in alleviating symptoms of acute rhinosinusitis and the common cold in adults, but doubt exists. It may be effective in relieving symptoms in acute bronchitis in adults and children, and sinusitis in adults. The overall quality of the evidence was considered low for main outcomes in acute bronchi …

[Rhinitis in adults].

Rhinitis is a very common disorder caused by inflammation or irritation of nasal mucosa. Dominant symptoms are nasal obstruction; however, i … nt to differentiate between infectious, allergic, non-allergic non-infectious rhinitis, and chronic rhinosinusitis. Itch and ocular symptoms are more common in allergic rhinitis, while other symptoms like nasal obstruction, rhinorrhea and sneezing may affect patients with allergic and non-allergic rhinitis. Patients with allergic rhinitis often have symptoms aft …

[Hypoxic stimulation leads to the changes of inflammatory factors in mucosal epithelial cells of nasal polyps].

Objective: To investigate the roles of hypoxic stimulation in the pathogenesis of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) by comparing the variation and differences of inflammatory factors secreted from epithelial cells of nasal polyps and normal nasal mucosa under hypoxic stimulation. Methods: Sixty-eight patients who were diagnosed with CRSwNP from June 2015 to January 2018 at China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University were analyzed, including 36 males and 32 females, aged (45.2±12.5) years. Nasal polyps mucosa was included in CRS-NP group and inferior turbinate mucosa was incl…

The effect of switching on compliance and persistence: the case of statin treatment.

Allergic rhinitis significantly affects the quality of life, it contributes to missed or unproductive time at school or work, disturbed slee … y of life and elevated IgE level. Patients with drug induced & hormonal causes of rhinitis, chronic rhinosinusitis and any anatomical feature which precipitates to rhinitis such as deviated nasal septum, hypertrophied turbinates, blocked osteomeatal unit, polypoidal nasal mucosa and sinonasal polyposis were excluded from the study. During our study period from m …

Harnessing the Potential of Enzymes as Inhaled Therapeutics in Respiratory Tract Diseases: A Review of the Literature.

Respiratory tract diseases (RTDs) are a global cause of mortality and affect patient well-being and quality of life. Specifically, there is a high unmet need concerning respiratory tract infections (RTIs) due to limitations of vaccines and increased antibiotic resistance. Enzyme therapeutics, and in particular plant-based enzymes, represent an underutilised resource in drug development warranting further attention. This literature review aims to summarise the current state of enzyme therapeutics in medical applications, with a focus on their potential to improve outcomes in RTDs, including RTI

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… In the respiratory setting, bromelain has demonstrated good distribution to serum and rhinosinusal tissues when administered as a tablet in people with chronic rhinosinusitis showing relief of symptoms [ 68 , 69 ]. … Bromelain’s penetration into the blood and sinonasal mucosa in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis. Acta Otorhinolaryngol. Ital. 2018;38:225–228. doi: 10.14639/0392-100X-1693. 70. Braun J.M., Schneider B., Beuth H.J. …

The Glasgow Benefit Inventory: a systematic review of the use and value of an otorhinolaryngological generic patient-recorded outcome measure.

BACKGROUND: The Glasgow Benefit Inventory (GBI) is a validated, generic patient-recorded outcome measure widely used in otolaryngology to re … l factor of number of episodes of sore throat was not predictive. The other was surgery for chronic rhinosinusitis where those with polyps on univariate analysis had greater benefit than those without. Forty-three papers had a response rate of >50% and gave sufficient Glasgow Benefit Inventory total and subscales for meta-analysis. For five of the 11 operation c …

Resveratrol ameliorates abnormalities of fluid and electrolyte secretion in a hypoxia-Induced model of acquired CFTR deficiency.

OBJECTIVE/HYPOTHESIS: Ineffective mucociliary clearance (MCC) is a common pathophysiologic process that underlies airway inflammation and in … airway disease. This exciting new strategy bears further testing in non-CF individuals with chronic rhinosinusitis. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: N/A. Laryngoscope, 125:S1-S13, 2015.

A review on clinical cases of rare mold infections and their antifungal treatment strategies.

In recent years, with the growing population of immunocompromised individuals, infections caused by rare environmental molds have become increasingly prevalent and clinically significant. Due to frequent misdiagnosis and difficult clinical management, the overall disease burden of such infections poses a major challenge in clinical practice. This article aims to fill the knowledge gap by reviewing cases of rare mold infections from January 2020 to February 2026, analyzing the susceptible populations, identification techniques, antifungal susceptibility testing, and antifungal treatment strateg

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… A case of invasive rhinosinusitis caused by Penicillium brasilianum. Med. Mycol. J . 65, 111–115. doi: 10.3314/mmj.24-00015 , with permission from the Japanese Society for Medical Mycology. (IV) Microscopic morphology of P. chrysogenum in a sinus specimen ( Bhavsar et al., 2022 ). … In 2024, invasive fungal rhinosinusitis due to P. brasilianum was diagnosed in a type 2 diabetic woman, with the pathogen confirmed by β-tubulin gene sequencing of sinus tissue. …

IgE-expressing long-lived plasma cells in persistent sensitization.

Persistent allergies affect the quality of life of patients and increase economic burdens. Many clinical observations indicate the presence of IgE+ long-lived plasma cells (LLPCs), which account for the persistent secretion of specific IgE; however, the characteristics of the IgE+ LLPCs have yet to be identified clearly. In this review, we summarized the generation of IgE+ PCs, discussed the prosurvival factors in the microenvironment, and reviewed the unique IgE-BCR signaling, which may bring insights into understanding the survival mechanisms of IgE+ LLPCs.

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… Nasal fluid cytology and cytokine profiles of eosinophilic and non-eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps. Rhinology. (2020) 58:314–22. 10.4193/Rhin19.275 45. Lou Y, Ke Q, Cui H, Shang Y, Yang C. … Cytokine signature and involvement in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps. Int J Mol Sci. (2022) 23:417. 10.3390/ijms23010417 48. Turqueti-Neves A, Otte M, Schwartz C, Schmitt MER, Lindner C, Pabst O, et al. …

Yellow nail syndrome: a review.

Yellow nail syndrome (YNS; OMIM 153300, ORPHA662) is a very rare disorder that almost always occurs after 50 years of age but a juvenile or familial form has also been observed. YNS is diagnosed based on a triad associating yellow nail discoloration, pulmonary manifestations (chronic cough, bronchiectasia, pleural effusion) and lower limb lymphedema. Chronic sinusitis is frequently associated with the triad. YNS etiology remains unknown but a role of lymphatic impairment is usually evoked. YNS is more frequently isolated but may be associated in rare cases with autoimmune diseases, other clini

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… DeCastro A Mims L Hueston WJ Rhinosinusitis Prim Care 2014 41 47 61 10.1016/j.pop.2013.10.006 24439880 115. Rudmik L Soler ZM Medical therapies for adult chronic sinusitis: a systematic review JAMA 2015 314 926 39 10.1001/jama.2015.7544 26325561 116. … Khalil HS Nunez DA Functional endoscopic sinus surgery for chronic rhinosinusitis Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2006 3 CD004458 10.1002/14651858.CD004458.pub2 PMC13048826 16856048 …

Recombinant Human Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor (rhu GM-CSF) as Adjuvant Therapy for Invasive Fungal Diseases.

BackgroundSargramostim (yeast-derived, glycosylated recombinant human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor [rhu GM-CSF]) augments innate and adaptive immune responses and accelerates hematopoietic recovery of chemotherapy-induced neutropenia. However, considerably less is known about its efficacy as adjunctive immunotherapy against invasive fungal diseases (IFDs).MethodsThe clinical courses of 15 patients with pediatric malignancies and IFDs treated adjunctively with sargramostim at a single institution were analyzed in a retrospective cohort review. Further, a systematic review of

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… Remains in remission 3 y later. 3 yo M | B-cell ALL | Fungal rhinosinusitis and pneumonia ( Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus flavus, Rhizopus species) | No | Yes | Sargramostim 100 µg/m 2 /dose TIW x3 mo | Micafungin, LAmB, voriconazole, posaconazole, HBOT | Patient developed fungal rhinosinusitis … , acetazolamide, IFN-γ, flucytosine | Combination of rhu GM-CSF, IFN-γ, and LAmB dose escalation helped to resolve extensive invasive fungal rhinosinusitis with cerebral and orbital involvement. …

Лекарства, модифицирующие течение болезни, связаны с улучшением обонятельной функции через взаимодействие клеток NK и микробиоты при множественной склерозе.

ЦЕЛЬ: изучение связей носовой микробиоты с терапией, изменяющей заболевания (ДМТ), подмножеством лимфоцитов и функцией обоняния в множестве склерозов (МС). МЕТОДЫ: Thirty больные с синдромом MS и 30 Были приняты меры по контролю за здоровым здоровьем (ЗП) в разбивке по возрасту и полу. Пациенты были отнесены к категории пациентов, проходящих лечение по линии ДМТ (MS[DMT+]), или к категории пациентов, не прошедших лечение (MS[DMT-). Оличественная функция оценивалась с помощью теста на идентификацию запаха Пенсильванского университета (UPSIT). Подмножества лимфоцитов измерялись с помощью цитомет

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… Proteobacteria has been shown to significantly increase in nasal inflammatory diseases such as chronic rhinosinusitis ( 24 ). … Rare constituents of the nasal microbiome contribute to the acute exacerbation of chronic rhinosinusitis. Inflammation Res Off J Eur Histamine Res Soc [et al]. (2025) 74:14. doi: 10.1007/s00011-025-01995-9 28. Özçam M, Lynch SV. The gut-airway microbiome axis in health and respiratory diseases. …

LAPTM proteins in neurological disorders - Autophagy-lysosome dysfunction and therapeutic targets: A review.

Lysosomal-associated protein transmembrane (LAPTM) family members-LAPTM4A, LAPTM4B, and LAPTM5-regulate lysosomal integrity, autophagy-lysosome flux, lipid homeostasis, and immune signaling, pathways increasingly implicated in neurological disease. This review synthesizes structure-function evidence for LAPTM proteins and examines how their dysregulation contributes to Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease, ischemia-reperfusion injury, and gliomas. Based on a targeted narrative analysis of primary and translational studies, we highlight that LAPTM proteins influence lysosomal acidification and m

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… Beyond cancer, LAPTM5 accelerates tubular senescence and fibrosis in kidney injury via WWP2/Notch1 signaling [ 53 ], activates autophagy in immune and inflammatory contexts [ 5 ], and marks M2 macrophage signatures in chronic rhinosinusitis [ 54 ]. … These mechanisms have practical implications: LAPTM5-CD1e partnerships modulate antigen presentation to resolve post-ischemic inflammation, and parallels with chronic rhinosinusitis M2 signatures suggest potential for resolution. …

[Medical clinical diagnostics for indoor mould exposure - Update 2023 (AWMF Register No. 161/001)].

This article is an abridged version of the updated AWMF mould guideline "Medical clinical diagnostics in case of indoor mould exposure - Upd … ce exposure], promotion of respiratory infections, pulmonary aspergillosis (subacute, chronic), and rhinosinusitis (acute, chronically invasive, or granulomatous, allergic). In this context the sensitizing potential of moulds is obviously low compared to other environmental allergens. Recent studies show a comparatively low sensitization prevalence of 3-22,5 % i …

The Differentially Expressed Genes Responsible for the Development of T Helper 9 Cells From T Helper 2 Cells in Various Disease States: Immuno-Interactomics Study.

BACKGROUND: T helper (Th) 9 cells are a novel subset of Th cells that develop independently from Th2 cells and are characterized by the secretion of interleukin (IL)-9. Studies have suggested the involvement of Th9 cells in variable diseases such as allergic and pulmonary diseases (eg, asthma, chronic obstructive airway disease, chronic rhinosinusitis, nasal polyps, and pulmonary hypoplasia), metabolic diseases (eg, acute leukemia, myelocytic leukemia, breast cancer, lung cancer, melanoma, pancreatic cancer), neuropsychiatric disorders (eg, Alzheimer disease), autoimmune diseases (eg, Graves d…

Antibodies to watch in 2026.

The Antibodies to Watch article series provides annual updates on commercial late-stage clinical development, regulatory review, and marketing approvals of antibody therapeutics. Since the first article was published in 2010, the late-stage pipeline has grown from 26 antibody therapeutics to over 200, while during the same time numerous molecules in late-stage studies either transitioned to regulatory review and were approved or were terminated. In this installment of the series, we recap first marketing approvals granted to 19 antibody therapeutics in 2025, discuss 26 molecules currently in r

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… respiratory tract disease in neonates (newborns) and infants who are born during or entering their first RSV season US Sibeprenlimab (VOYXACT) APRIL; Humanized IgG2κ Reduction of proteinuria in adults with primary immunoglobulin A nephropathy US Depemokimab (Exdensur) IL-5; Humanized IgG1κ Asthma, chronic rhinosinusitis … disease in neonates (newborns) and infants who are born during or entering their first RSV season | US Sibeprenlimab (VOYXACT) | APRIL; Humanized IgG2κ | Reduction of proteinuria in adults with primary immunoglobulin A nephropathy | US Depemokimab (Exdensur) | IL-5; Humanized IgG1κ | Asthma, chronic rhinosinusitis …