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Japanese encephalitis virus infects neuronal cells through a clathrin-independent endocytic mechanism.

Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) is a mosquito-borne pathogenic flavivirus responsible for acute viral encephalitis in humans. The cellular … gulatory proteins involved in endocytosis. Our study demonstrates that JEV infects fibroblasts in a clathrin-dependent manner, but it deploys a clathrin-independent mechanism to infect neuronal cells. The clathrin-independent pathway requires dynamin and plasma membrane cholesterol. Virus binding to neuronal cells leads to rapid actin rearrangements and an …

Clathrin-independent endocytosis of ErbB2 in geldanamycin-treated human breast cancer cells.

The epidermal growth factor (EGF)-receptor family member ErbB2 is commonly overexpressed in human breast cancer cells and correlates with po … mes for degradation. In contrast to earlier work, we found that ErbB2 internalization occurred by a clathrin- and tyrosine-kinase-independent pathway that was not caveolar, because SK-BR-3 cells lack caveolae. Similar to cargo of the glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored protein-enriched early endosomal compartment (GEEC) pathway, internalized ErbB2 …

JC virus enters human glial cells by clathrin-dependent receptor-mediated endocytosis.

The human polyomavirus JC virus (JCV) is the etiologic agent of a fatal central nervous system (CNS) demyelinating disease known as progress … mian virus 40 (SV40). We demonstrate that JCV, unlike SV40, enters glial cells by receptor-mediated clathrin-dependent endocytosis.

Reframing clathrin-mediated viral entry: evidence standards, context dependence and host-directed vulnerabilities.

Viral entry is the first obligatory step of productive infection and a rational point for host-directed antiviral intervention. This structured narrative review synthesizes evidence from database searches and citation tracking performed up to 18 June 2026. Clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME) can internalize virus-receptor complexes and deliver them to endosomal compartments that support penetration, fusion, capsid remodeling, uncoating or genome release. However, CME should be interpreted as a series of experimentally separable checkpoints rather than as a single pathway label. Viral use of CM…

Polystyrene nanoplastics enhance lead-induced ferroptosis in HT22 cells via clathrin-mediated endocytosis.

The co-occurrence of nanoplastics and heavy metals like lead (Pb) in the environment presents a significant neurotoxic risk, yet the mechani … ty was associated with increased intracellular Pb accumulation facilitated by PS-NPs, involving the clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME) pathway, as indicated by upregulation of key CME-related proteins (CHC, AP2M1, and Dynamin 2) and enhanced CHC-AP2M1 co-localization. Pharmacological inhibition of CME using chlorpromazine (CPZ) effectively reduced Pb upta …

[Human EV71 invades human neuroblastoma SK-N-SH cells by clathrin-mediated endocytosis].

Objective To study the mechanism ofhuman enterovirus 71 (EV71) entering human neuroblastoma SK-N-SH cells. Methods After the SK-N-SH cells were pretreated with chlorpromazine (CPZ) or nystatin (NT), real-time quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR) was employed to measure EV71 mRNA level, and indirect immunofluorescence microscopy was used to detect the expression level of viral protein 1 (VP1) in the target cells. In order to reveal the colocalization of EV71 with clathrin, laser confocal microscopy was performed on the infected cells. Results CPZ could significantly inhibit EV71 mRNA level and the expres…

New tools for "hot-wiring" clathrin-mediated endocytosis with temporal and spatial precision.

Clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME) is the major route of receptor internalization at the plasma membrane. Analysis of constitutive CME is difficult because the initiation of endocytic events is unpredictable. When and where a clathrin-coated pit will form and what cargo it will contain are difficult to foresee. Here we describe a series of genetically encoded reporters that allow the initiation of CME on demand. A clathrin-binding protein fragment ("hook") is inducibly attached to an "anchor" protein at the plasma membrane, which triggers the formation of new clathrin-coated vesicles. Our des…

Dysregulation of clathrin promotes thyroid cell growth and contributes to multinodular goiter pathogenesis.

A germline mutation (A339V) in thyroid transcription factor-1 (TITF1/NKX2.1) was shown to be associated with multinodular goiter (MNG) and p … tor (EGF) signaling is significantly associated with the overexpression of A339V TTF1 in PCCL3, and clathrin heavy chain (Chc) is the most significantly up-regulated protein of the pathway. Intriguingly, dysregulated Chc expression facilitated a nuclear accumulation of pStat3, leading to an enhanced cell proliferation of the A339V clones. Down-regulation a …

Egg drop syndrome virus enters duck embryonic fibroblast cells via clathrin-mediated endocytosis.

Previous studies of egg drop syndrome virus (EDSV) is restricted to serological surveys, disease diagnostics, and complete viral genome anal … of DEF cells treated with CPZ or sucrose. These results indicate that EDSV enters DEF cells through clathrin-mediated endocytosis followed by a pH-dependent step, which is similar to the mechanism of entry of human adenovirus types 2 and 5.

Протеиновый белок " Coxiella signetii " разрушает клатриновый везикулярный оборот патогенных вакуол биогенеза.

Успешная колонизация макрофага с помощью Coxiella signetii, которая является причиной лихорадки Q человека, требует биогенеза, ориентированного на патоген, большого паразитообразного паразита (PV) с фаголизомными характеристиками. В то же время, согласно прогнозам, для сбора мембранных белков, поставляемых цитозолу в результате дефектного оборота органелл/внутреннего умножения (Dot/Icm) типа 4B, требуются белки-эффекторы. Здесь мы описываем участие клатринового везикулярного оборота в производстве PV и участие этого пути системой C. signetii типа 4B подстрата Coxiella vacuolar белка A (CvpA).

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Successful macrophage colonization by Coxiella burnetii, the cause of human Q fever, requires pathogen-directed biogenesis of a large, growt … m) type 4B secretion system are required for membrane recruitment. Here, we describe involvement of clathrin-mediated vesicular trafficking in PV generation and the engagement of this pathway by the C. burnetii type 4B secretion system substrate Coxiella vacuolar protein A (CvpA). CvpA contains multiple dileucine [DERQ]XXXL[LI] and tyrosine (YXXΦ)-based en …

Rabenosyn-5 defines the fate of the transferrin receptor following clathrin-mediated endocytosis.

Cell surface receptors and other proteins internalize through diverse mechanisms at the plasma membrane and are sorted to different destinat … pifluorescence-structured light. We found that transferrin receptors are delivered selectively from clathrin-coated pits on the plasma membrane into a specific subpopulation of endosomes enriched in the multivalent Rab GTPase and phosphoinositide-binding protein Rabenosyn-5. Depletion of Rabenosyn-5, but not of other early endosomal proteins such as early …

Inactivation of clathrin heavy chain inhibits synaptic recycling but allows bulk membrane uptake.

Synaptic vesicle reformation depends on clathrin, an abundant protein that polymerizes around newly forming vesicles. However, how clathrin is involved in synaptic recycling in vivo remains unresolved. We test clathrin function during synaptic endocytosis using clathrin heavy chain (chc) mutants combined with chc photoinactivation to circumvent early embryonic lethality associated with chc mutations in multicellular organisms. Acute inactivation of chc at stimulated synapses leads to substantial membrane internalization visualized by live dye uptake and electron microscopy. However, chc-inacti…

Selective blocking of clathrin-mediated endocytosis by RNA interference: epsin as target protein.

Epsin is an essential accessory protein exclusively implicated in clathrin-mediated endocytosis and therefore an ideal target to study involvement of this entry route in the uptake of bioligands. The technique of RNA interference (RNAi) was exploited to generate a cell line constitutively silencing epsin expression in a sequence-specific manner In these Caco-2(eps-) cells, quantitative reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR) revealed a severe depletion of the epsin messenger RNA (mRNA) level in cells, reaching a factor > 10(6). The reduction at the mRNA level in the Caco-2(eps-) cells was parallele…

N-WASP deficiency impairs EGF internalization and actin assembly at clathrin-coated pits.

WASP and WAVE family proteins promote actin polymerization by stimulating Arp2/3-complex-dependent filament nucleation. Unlike WAVE proteins, which are known to drive the formation of protrusions such as lamellipodia and membrane ruffles, vertebrate cell functions of WASP or N-WASP are less well established. Recent work demonstrated that clathrin-coated pit invagination can coincide with assembly of actin filaments and with accumulation of N-WASP and Arp2/3 complex, but the relevance of their recruitment has remained poorly defined. We employed two-colour total internal reflection microscopy t…

Cloning, mapping and tissue-specific expression of Drosophila clathrin-associated protein AP50 gene.

The Drosophila homologue of AP50, the medium chain of clathrin-associated protein complex AP-2, was identified and characterized from the Drosophila Expressed Sequence Tag database. The Drosophila AP50 is 86% identical to that of mouse and human, and 80% identical to the Caenorhabditis elegans homologue. It is a single-copy gene with two mini-introns in the coding region and it maps to position 94B1-B2 on polytene chromosomes. Two P1 clones, DS01102 and DS0104, were identified that contain the AP50 gene. Alternative 5' UTR splicing is involved in the regulation of AP50 expression. AP50 express…

Rapid endocytosis of interleukin 2 receptors when clathrin-coated pit endocytosis is inhibited.

The cytokine interleukin 2 (IL2) is produced by activated helper T lymphocytes and modulates the growth and activity of cells expressing high-affinity surface IL2 receptors that transduce its signaling. After ligand binding to receptors on the plasma membrane, receptor-ligand complexes are rapidly endocytosed and IL2 is degraded in acidic compartments. The best known receptor-mediated endocytosis pathway involves clathrin-coated pits. Receptors that carry an internalization signal recognized by adaptors on the cytosolic side of the plasma membrane are clustered into the coated pits and enter c…

Stable clathrin: uncoating protein (hsc70) complexes in intact neurons and their axonal transport.

We have studied the organization of clathrin during its transport in axons. Using immunoprecipitation techniques we have confirmed earlier findings that clathrin is transported as part of slow component b, but we also detect small amounts of clathrin in fast component. As fast component is known to correspond to the transport of membraneous material, including coated vesicle membrane components, our findings suggest that some clathrin in axons undergoes transport in the form of coated membranes and that a portion of the clathrin delivered to axons and axon terminals arrives by way of fast comp…

Bovine coronavirus enters PBIECs via membrane fusion and clathrin-, caveolin-mediated endocytosis, macropinocytosis.

Bovine coronavirus (BCoV) is an important pathogen that exhibits dual tropism for the respiratory and intestinal tracts, causing winter dysentery in adult cattle, diarrhea and respiratory infections in calves, thus imposing considerable economic losses on the global cattle industry. Our previous studies demonstrated that BCoV gains entry into susceptible HRT-18 cells through membrane fusion and clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME). However, the precise mechanisms by which BCoV enters host cells remain incompletely elucidated, particularly in primary bovine intestinal epithelial cells (PBIECs). …

MSC EVs Deliver miRNAs into Cardiomyocytes via EIPA-Sensitive and Clathrin-Mediated Endocytosis.

Background/Objectives: Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have emerged as important mediators of intercellular communication in cardiovascular dis … -39-3p. Pharmacologic inhibitors of macropinocytosis (5-(N-ethyl-N-isopropyl) amiloride (EIPA)) and clathrin-mediated endocytosis (chlorpromazine and ES9-17) were applied to delineate uptake pathways, with transferrin assays confirming clathrin inhibition. Results: EV treatment produced a dose-dependent increase in intracellular cel-miR-39-3p levels. Antag …

Clathrin-mediated endocytosis governs CdS nanoparticle internalization in rice (Oryza sativa L.) roots.

Cadmium sulfide (CdS) precipitation in anaerobic paddy soils is widely recognized as a critical mechanism limiting Cd uptake by rice (Oryza sativa L.). However, the potential uptake of dispersed CdS nanoparticles (NPs) and their cellular internalization mechanisms in rice roots remain poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the internalization mechanisms of CdS NPs in hydroponically grown rice seedlings. Transmission electron microscopy analysis confirmed the internalization of CdS NPs into the cytoplasm of root cells. Pharmacological inhibitor assays identified clathrin-mediated end…