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In Vivo Two-photon Calcium Imaging in Dendrites of Rabies Virus-labeled V1 Corticothalamic Neurons.

Monitoring neuronal activity in vivo is critical to understanding the physiological or pathological functions of the brain. Two-photon Ca2+ … ied to retrogradely label specific V1-thalamus circuits and detect spontaneous Ca2+ activity in the dendrites of V1 corticothalamic neurons by in vivo two-photon Ca2+ imaging. Notably, we were able to record single-spine spontaneous Ca2+ activity in specific circuits. Distinct spontaneous Ca2+ dynamics in dendrites of V1 corticothalamic neurons were found f …

Tick-borne flaviviruses alter membrane structure and replicate in dendrites of primary mouse neuronal cultures.

Neurological diseases caused by encephalitic flaviviruses are severe and associated with high levels of mortality. However, detailed mechani … antigen in the neurons varied: TBEV infection induced accumulation of viral antigen in the neuronal dendrites to a greater extent than infection with other viruses. Viral structural proteins, non-structural proteins and dsRNA were detected in regions in which viral antigens accumulated in dendrites after TBEV replication. Replication of a TBEV replicon afte …

Morphological changes of dendrites in the human edematous cerebral cortex. A transmission electron microscopic study.

The structural pathology of dendritic processes has been examined in 38 patients with clinical diagnosis of brain trauma, brain tumours and congenital malformations. Cortical biopsies of frontal, parietal, temporal and occipital cortex were conventionally processed for transmission electron microscopy. Isolated ultrathin sections and montages of electron micrographs were used to trace the intracortical dendritic course. Swollen and beaded dendrites were observed in all cases examined, which exhibited fragmentation of limiting plasma membrane and cytoskeletal structures. The swollen dendrites s…

Spatial and temporal analysis of calcium-dependent electrical activity in guinea pig Purkinje cell dendrites.

We have used the calcium indicator dye arsenazo III, together with a photodiode array, to record intracellular calcium changes simultaneousl … were distinguished. These results show that calcium action potentials could be regenerative in some dendrites and could fail to propagate into others. Signals from plateau potentials were also detected from extensive areas in the dendritic field but were always smaller than those caused by a burst of action potentials.

Polarized sorting of viral glycoproteins to the axon and dendrites of hippocampal neurons in culture.

Cultured hippocampal neurons were infected with a temperature-sensitive mutant of vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) and a wild-type strain of the avian influenza fowl plague virus (FPV). The intracellular distribution of viral glycoproteins was monitored by immunofluorescence microscopy. In mature, fully polarized neurons the VSV glycoprotein (a basolateral protein in epithelial MDCK cells) moved from the Golgi complex to the dendritic domain, whereas the hemagglutinin protein of FPV (an apically sorted protein in MDCK cells) was targeted preferentially, but not exclusively, to the axon. The VS

The influence of prenatal phenobarbital exposure on the growth of dendrites in the rat hippocampus.

Barbiturates, such as phenobarbital (PHB), are often used during pregnancy and early neonatal life to prevent epileptic seizures, hyperbilir … of prenatal phenobarbital administration (days 18-20 of gestation) on the growth and development of dendrites within the CA1 region of the hippocampus in the rat. Pups were sacrificed on days 5, 10, 23, and 35 of postnatal age and the brains were processed for Golgi impregnation of neurons. The terminal and non-terminal segments of apical and basal dendrite …

Ненормальная арборизация дендритов Purkinje в болезни Креуцфельдта-Якоба: проявление нейронной пластичности?

В данном случае рассматривается атактическая разновидность болезни Креуцфельда-Якоба с уделением особого внимания мозговой коре. Основными особенностями были потеря ячеек гранулы, итого в вермисе, сильная в боковых долях, мягкая или умеренная потеря клеток Пуркинье и сохранение тангенсивных и корзинных волокон. Дендриты клеток Purkinje продемонстрировали мелориентацию и гипертрофию первичных и вторичных ветвей, так называемую деформацию "antler" или "stagorn". Эти результаты свидетельствуют о том, что реконструирование дендритического дерева может начаться на ранней стадии болезни даже у взрос

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
A case is presented of the ataxic variety of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease with particular reference to the cerebellar cortex. The main features were loss of granule cells, subtotal in the vermis, severe in the lateral lobes, mild to moderate loss of Purkinje cells and preservation of tangential and basket fibres. The Purkinje cell dendrites showed malorientatio…

Митохондриальные аномалии в кортикальных дендритах у пациентов с ранними формами склерозного панэнцефалита (ССПЕ).

При помощи ультраструктурных методов были изучены фрагменты биопсии из лобной коры двух пациентов с ранними формами склерозного панэнцефалита (SSPE). Особое внимание было уделено митохондриальным аномалиям, наблюдаемым в дендритах трех поверхностных кортикальных слоев. Некоторые из митохондрий были атипичными удлиненными кристами, параллельными длинной оси органа и близкими друг к другу. Поверхность этих крестцов неидентифицирована, и внутрикристальное пространство регулярно отделяется. Так как эти аномальные митохондрии появились в дендритах, которые на более поздних стадиях болезни должны де

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Biopsy fragments from the frontal cortex of two patients with early forms of subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) were studied with ultrastructural methods. Special attention was given to mitochondrial abnormalities observed in dendrites from the three superficial cortical layers. Some of the mitochondria presented atypical elongated cristae parallel t…

A framework for comparative analysis of human and mouse cortical neuron dendrites in corresponding brain regions.

Cross-species comparisons of neuronal morphology can reveal evolutionary diversification of cortical organization, but they remain limited b … concordance with morphology-based lobe separability, supporting divergent organization of cortical dendrites across species.

Rod-shaped microglia interact with neuronal dendrites to attenuate cortical excitability during TDP-43-related neurodegeneration.

Microglia, the principal immune cells of the central nervous system, have emerged as important players in sensing and regulating neuronal ac … ect response to cortical hyperactivity. Rod-shaped microglia predominantly interacted with neuronal dendrites and remodeled excitatory synaptic inputs to attenuate motor cortical hyperactivity. Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2) deficiency led to a marked reduction of rod-shaped microglia accompanied by increased neuronal activity in r …

Increased Climbing Fiber Lateral Crossings on Purkinje Cell Dendrites in the Cerebellar Hemisphere in Essential Tremor.

BACKGROUND: Climbing fibers (CFs) innervate Purkinje cells (PCs) with 1:1 relationship to ensure proper cerebellar function. Although CFs abnormally extend into the parallel fiber domain of PC dendrites in essential tremor (ET), the architecture of CFs in relation to PCs has yet to be investigated in detail. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this work was to study the architecture of CFs in relation to PCs in ET. METHODS: The number of PC somas and PC dendrites that a single CF crossed was quantified in the postmortem cerebellum of 15 ET cases and 15 control cases. RESULTS: In ET, CFs crossed a greater…

An essential role for neuregulin-4 in the growth and elaboration of developing neocortical pyramidal dendrites.

Neuregulins, with the exception of neuregulin-4 (NRG4), have been shown to be extensively involved in many aspects of neural development and function and are implicated in several neurological disorders, including schizophrenia, depression and bipolar disorder. Here we provide the first evidence that NRG4 has a crucial function in the developing brain. We show that both the apical and basal dendrites of neocortical pyramidal neurons are markedly stunted in Nrg4-/- neonates in vivo compared with Nrg4+/+ littermates. Neocortical pyramidal neurons cultured from Nrg4-/- embryos had significantly s…

Microphthalmia-associated transcription factor ensures the elongation of axons and dendrites in the mouse frontal cortex.

Long interspersed element-1 (LINE-1) is a mammalian transposable element, and its genomic insertion could cause neurological disorders in hu … rontal cortex and in glomeruli and renal tubules. Thus, Mitf may ensure the elongation of axons and dendrites by maintaining creatine synthesis in the frontal cortex.

GABAergic striatal neurons project dendrites and axons into the postnatal subventricular zone leading to calcium activity.

GABA regulates the behavior of neuroblasts and neural progenitor cells in the postnatal neurogenic subventricular zone (SVZ) through GABAA receptor (GABAAR)-mediated calcium increases. However, the source of GABA necessary for sufficient GABAAR-mediated depolarization and calcium increase has remained speculative. Here, we explored whether GABAergic striatal neurons functionally connect with SVZ cells. Using patch clamp recordings or single cell electroporation, striatal neurons along the SVZ were filled with a fluorescent dye revealing that they send both dendrites and axons into the SVZ. Abo…

The non-canonical effect of N-acetyl-D-glucosamine kinase on the formation of neuronal dendrites.

N-acetylglucosamine kinase (GlcNAc kinase or NAGK; EC 2.7.1.59) is a N-acetylhexosamine kinase that belong to the sugar kinase/heat shock pr … s (DIV 5-9) increased the complexity of dendritic architecture by increasing the numbers of primary dendrites and dendritic branches. In contrast, knockdown of NAGK by shRNA resulted in dendrite degeneration, and this was prevented by the co-expression of RFP-tagged NAGK. These results suggest that the upregulation of dendritic complexity is a non-canonical …

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum dilation and degeneration in Purkinje neuron dendrites of aging ethanol-fed female rats.

The effects of chronic ethanol consumption on the extensive Purkinje neuron (PN) dendritic arbor of male rats include dilation of the smooth … ndritic shafts was absent. These results confirm that SER dilation and dendritic degeneration in PN dendrites may precede and contribute to ethanol-related regression in female rats. In addition, comparison of these results with data obtained in male rats from a previous study suggests that PN dendrites in females may be more sensitive to the effects of eth …

Functions of the perikaryon and dendrites in magnocellular vasopressin-secreting neurons: new insights from ultrastructural studies.

Magnocellular hypothalamic neurosecretory neurons secreting vasopressin or oxytocin provide a robust model system for the investigation and … ing of the translated peptide by the rough endoplasmic reticulum; and the role of the magnocellular dendrites in the production, secretion and localisation of peptides. Investigation of the synthesis of proteins derived from vasopressin genes which have undergone various mutations has at the moment provided more answers than questions: Why do some abnormal …

Changes in the basal dendrites of cortical pyramidal cells from alcoholic patients--a quantitative Golgi study.

Although a variety of pathological changes have been described in the brains of chronic alcoholic patients, there have been no studies which have addressed the question of alterations in cortical neuronal dendritic arborisation. Loss of neurons from the superior frontal gyrus and shrinkage of neurons from both the superior frontal gyrus and motor cortex has been documented in chronic alcoholic patients; these areas were chosen for this study. Using a modified rapid Golgi technique the basal dendritic arborisation of layer III pyramidal neurons was compared in 15 male alcoholic patients and 15

Mapping calcium transients in the dendrites of Purkinje cells from the guinea-pig cerebellum in vitro.

1. A 10 X 10 photodiode array was used to detect stimulation-dependent absorbance changes simultaneously from many positions in the dendrite … ree where most of the synaptic contacts are located. 7. Calcium signals were also detected from the dendrites of other neurone types in the in vitro slice preparation. Thus, it is likely that these kind of measurements can be used to analyse the electroresponsiveness of many kinds of neurones in the mammalian brain.