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Cytomegalovirus infection associated with smaller dentate gyrus in men with severe mental illness.

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is usually inapparent in healthy adults but persists for life. Neural progenitor/stem cells are main CMV targets, and dentate gyrus (DG) a major neurogenic niche. Smaller DG volume has been repeatedly reported in severe mental illness (SMI). Considering the suggested immune system, blood-brain barrier and DG disturbances in SMI, we hypothesized that CMV exposure is associated with smaller DG volume in patients, but not healthy controls (HC). Due to the differential male and female immune response to CMV, we hypothesized sex-dependent associations. 381 adult pati…

Automated measurement of hippocampal subfields in PTSD: Evidence for smaller dentate gyrus volume.

Smaller hippocampal volume has been consistently observed as a biomarker of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). However, less is known about individual volumes of the subfields composing the hippocampus such as the dentate gyrus and cornu ammonis (CA) fields 1-4 in PTSD. The aim of the present study was to examine the hypothesis that volume of the dentate gyrus, a region putatively involved in distinctive encoding of similar events, is smaller in individuals with PTSD versus trauma-exposed controls. Ninety-seven recent war veterans underwent structural imaging on a 3T scanner and were assess…

Dentate gyrus autonomous ictal activity in the status epilepticus rat model of epilepsy.

The dentate gyrus (DG) as part of the hippocampal formation is believed to serve as a gatekeeper with strong inhibitory properties against uncontrolled propagation of neuronal activity from the entorhinal cortex and neocortical structures. In temporal lobe epilepsy, the DG becomes hyperexcitable and loses its gate function, enabling propagation of ictal activity into downstream structures such as CA3 and CA1 areas. Furthermore, the DG, apart from facilitating propagation, may also be able to autonomously generate ictal activity, but this point has remained open so far. To tackle this question,…

Ubiquitin-negative mini-pick-like bodies in the dentate gyrus in p301l tauopathy.

Neuropathological and biochemical findings are reported in a patient who had suffered from frontotemporal dementia associated with a P310L m … erinuclear region and small cytoplasmic aggregates designed as mini-Pick-like bodies, mainly in the dentate gyrus. Inclusions were not stained with anti-ubiquitin antibodies and did not recruit tubulins. Tau accumulation in individual cells was associated with increased expression of kinases linked with tau phosphorylation, mainly active (phosphorylated) stress …

Adrenal steroid receptor immunoreactivity in cells born in the adult rat dentate gyrus.

Several lines of evidence indicate that cell birth in the adult rat dentate gyrus is regulated by adrenal steroids. The expression of adrenal steroid receptors by mitotic cells in the dentate gyrus would support the hypothesis that these hormones act directly on granule cell progenitors. We performed a survival time course of in vivo [3H]thymidine autoradiography combined with immunohistochemistry for mineralocorticoid receptors (MR) and glucocorticoid receptors (GR) and found that very few [3H]thymidine labeled mitotic cells express these receptors. By 4 weeks following [3H]thymidine administ…

Dynamics of Adult Axin2 Cell Lineage Integration in Granule Neurons of the Dentate Gyrus.

The Wnt pathway plays critical roles in neurogenesis. The expression of Axin2 is induced by Wnt/β-catenin signaling, making this gene a sens … arked with 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine (EdU). Tamoxifen induction resulted in significant increase of dentate gyrus granule cells three months later; however, none of these neurons contained EdU signal. Conversely, six months after the tamoxifen/EdU pulse-chase labeling, EdU-positive granule neurons were identified in each animal. Our data imply that Axin2 is exp …

Abnormal chromatin remodeling caused by ARID1A deletion leads to malformation of the dentate gyrus.

ARID1A, an SWI/SNF chromatin-remodeling gene, is commonly mutated in cancer and hypothesized to be a tumor suppressor. Recently, loss-of-function of ARID1A gene has been shown to cause intellectual disability. Here we generate Arid1a conditional knockout mice and investigate Arid1a function in the hippocampus. Disruption of Arid1a in mouse forebrain significantly decreases neural stem/progenitor cells (NSPCs) proliferation and differentiation to neurons within the dentate gyrus (DG), increasing perinatal and postnatal apoptosis, leading to reduced hippocampus size. Moreover, we perform single-…

Maternal Separation in ABA Rats Promotes Cell Proliferation in the Dentate Gyrus of the Hippocampus.

Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a serious eating disorder characterized by self-starvation and excessive weight loss. Several studies support the i … essful condition. We analyzed the volume of the whole hippocampus and the proliferation rate in the dentate gyrus (DG) by quantifying Ki67-cells density and characterizing neuronal phenotype (DCX) and glial cells (GFAP) with double-fluorescence technique. The results obtained showed that only in maternally separated anorexic rats there is an increase of prolife …

Transcriptome profiling of the subventricular zone and dentate gyrus in an animal model of Parkinson's disease.

Adult neurogenesis in the subventricular zone (SVZ), as well as in the subgranular zone contributes to brain maintenance and regeneration. In the adult brain, dopamine (DA) can regulate the endogenous neural stem cells within these two regions, while a DA deficit may affect neurogenesis. Notably, the factors that regulate in vivo neurogenesis in these subregions have not yet been fully characterized, particularly following DA depletion. In thi study, we performed RNA sequencing to investigate transcriptomic changes in the SVZ and dentate gyrus (DG) of mice in response to 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,…

Конкретные нарушения контекстуальной памяти в результате незначительной дополнительной активности в идентатной желудке.

Для обработки контекстуальной и пространственной памяти необходим идентифицирующий желудок (ГД) гиппокампа. В то время как повреждение или глушение ГД ухудшает контекстуальное кодирование и отзыв памяти, чрезмерно активированный ГД также препятствует надлежащему поиску памяти. Ненормально повышенная активность в ГД неоднократно регистрируется у пациентов с амнезией слабого когнитивного расстройства (АМСИ) или пожилых людей. Хотя связь между поломкой памяти и необычно активным гиппокампом очевидна, их причинно-следственная связь или лежащая в ее основе природа такой интервенционной деятельности

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
The dentate gyrus (DG) of the hippocampus is essential for contextual and spatial memory processing. While lesion or silencing of the DG impairs contextual memory encoding and recall, overly activated DG also prevents proper memory retrieval. Abnormally elevated activity in the DG is repeatedly reported in amnesic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) patients or…

Aberrant GABA(A) receptor expression in the dentate gyrus of the epileptic mutant mouse stargazer.

Stargazer (stg) mutant mice fail to express stargazin [transmembrane AMPA receptor regulatory protein gamma2 (TARPgamma2)] and consequently experience absence seizure-like thalamocortical spike-wave discharges that pervade the hippocampal formation via the dentate gyrus (DG). As in other seizure models, the dentate granule cells of stg develop elaborate reentrant axon collaterals and transiently overexpress brain-derived neurotrophic factor. We investigated whether GABAergic parameters were affected by the stg mutation in this brain region. GABA(A) receptor (GABAR) alpha4 and beta3 subunits we…

Modulation of paired-pulse responses in the dentate gyrus: effects of prenatal protein malnutrition.

Since our major hypothesis is that prenatal protein malnutrition significantly affects hippocampal neuroplasticity, this study examined the effects of prenatal protein malnutrition on the modulation of dentate granule cell excitability in freely moving rats at 15, 30 and 90 days of age across the vigilance states of quiet waking (QW), slow-wave sleep (SWS) and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. Using paired-pulse stimulation, the paired-pulse index (PPI), a measure of the type and degree of modulation of dentate granule cell excitability elicited by stimulation of the medial perforant path, was o

Long-term potentiation in the dentate gyrus is not linked to increased extracellular glutamate concentration.

Long-term potentiation (LTP) of excitatory transmission is a likely candidate for the encoding and storage of information in the mammalian b … centration was associated with the robust and well-characterized LTP that can be induced in the rat dentate gyrus. To favor the detection of any putative change in extracellular glutamate associated with LTP, our experimental strategy included the following features. 1) Two separate series of experiments were carried out with animals under pentobarbital or uret …

Cimetidine inhibits the induction of long-term potentiation in the dentate gyrus of rats in vivo.

We investigated the effect of cimetidine, a clinically used H2-receptor antagonist, on the induction of long-term potentiation (LTP) in the dentate gyrus of anesthetized rats. Intracerebroventricular injection of cimetidine (50-100 nmol) inhibited the induction of LTP in a dose-dependent manner. The inhibitory effect of cimetidine was not mimicked by other H2-receptor antagonists (ranitidine, famotidine) or the H1-receptor antagonist diphenhydramine or the H3-receptor antagonist thioperamide. These results suggest that cimetidine inhibits hippocampal synaptic plasticity by a novel brain mechan…

Opioid receptor-mediated responses in the dentate gyrus and CA1 region of the rat hippocampus.

We compared the effects of selective opioid compounds on the excitability of dentate granule cells and CA1 pyramidal cells in the rat hippocampal slice. Synaptic excitability was assessed by measuring the effects of opioids on stimulus-response relationships and on the generation of afterpotentials as detected by extracellular recording. Opioids increased the excitability of both dentate granule and CA1 pyramidal cells in a naloxone-reversible manner. In the dentate gyrus, opioids changed the stimulus-response curve of the primary evoked response from a biphasic to a sigmoid shape and, in CA1,…

Effects of electroconvulsive shock on the function, circuitry, and transcriptome of dentate gyrus granule neurons.

Therapeutic use of electroconvulsive shock (ECS) is particularly effective for treatment-resistant depression. Like other more common forms of antidepressant treatment, such as SSRIs, ECS has been shown to increase neurogenesis in the hippocampal dentate gyrus of rodent models. Yet the question of how ECS-induced neurogenesis supports improvement of depressive symptoms remains unknown. Here, we show that ECS-induced neurogenesis is necessary to improve depressive-like behavior of mice exposed to chronic corticosterone (Cort). We then use slice electrophysiology to show that optogenetic stimula…

MSI2 in the dentate gyrus and ovary regulates the reproductive endocrine homeostasis of female mice.

Musashi2 (MSI2) plays a crucial role in neural stem cells and reproductive regulation, yet its mechanism in integrating the neuro-endocrine system remains poorly understood. This study investigates how MSI2 influences ovarian function by using conditional knockout mice for Msi2 in the brain and ovary. Our results show that KRT14/MSI2 neurons in the dentate gyrus (DG) of the hippocampus directly project to the ovary. Deletion of Msi2 in the DG and ovary increases follicle number and litter size, but causes a decline in fertility and follicle reserve after 6 months of age. AAV-mediated specific …

The changes of neurogenesis in the hippocampal dentate gyrus of SAMP8 mice and the effects of acupuncture and moxibustion.

BACKGROUND: Influenced by the global aging population, the incidence of Alzheimer's disease (AD) has increased sharply. In addition to incre … could increase the number of PCNA+ DCX+ cells, Nissl bodies, and mature neurons in the hippocampal Dentate gyrus (DG) of SAMP8 mice, restore the hippocampal neurogenesis, delay the AD-related pathological presentation, and improve the learning and memory abilities of SAMP8 mice. CONCLUSION: The pathological process underlying AD and cognitive impairment were …

Oscillations in the dentate gyrus as a tool for the performance of the hippocampal functions: Healthy and epileptic brain.

The dentate gyrus (DG) is part of the hippocampal formation and is essential for important cognitive processes such as navigation and memory. The oscillatory activity of the DG network is believed to play a critical role in cognition. DG circuits generate theta, beta, and gamma rhythms, which participate in the specific information processing performed by DG neurons. In the temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE), cognitive abilities are impaired, which may be due to drastic alterations in the DG structure and network activity during epileptogenesis. The theta rhythm and theta coherence are especially vu…

Effect of methanol fixation on single-cell RNA sequencing of the murine dentate gyrus.

Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) provides a powerful tool to evaluate the transcriptomic landscape and heterogeneity of thousands of c … essed its effect on adult primary dissociated brain tissue. Here, we evaluated its effect on murine dentate gyrus (DG) single cell suspensions and on subsequent scRNA-seq downstream analysis by performing SOrting and Robot-assisted Transcriptome SEQuencing (SORT-seq), a partially robotized version of the CEL-seq2 protocol. Our results show that MeOH fixation pr …