Результаты поиска

The Epigenome, Cell Cycle, and Development in Toxoplasma.

Toxoplasma gondii is a common veterinary and human pathogen that persists as latent bradyzoite forms within infected hosts. The ability of the parasite to interconvert between tachyzoite and bradyzoite is key for pathogenesis of toxoplasmosis, particularly in immunocompromised individuals. The transition between tachyzoites and bradyzoites is epigenetically regulated and coupled to the cell cycle. Recent epigenomic studies have begun to elucidate the chromatin states associated with developmental switches in T. gondii. Evidence is also emerging that AP2 transcription factors both activate and

The genomic and epigenomic landscape in thymic carcinoma.

Thymic carcinoma (TC) is a rare cancer whose genomic features have been examined in only a limited number of patients of European descent. Here, we characterized both genomic and epigenomic aberrations by whole exome sequencing, RNA sequencing, methylation array and copy number analyses in TCs from Asian patients and compared them with those in TCs from USA/European patients. Samples analyzed were 10 pairs of snap-frozen surgical specimens of cancerous and non-cancerous thymic tissue. All 10 cases were Japanese patients treated at the National Cancer Center Hospital, Japan, between 1994 and 20

Epigenomic and transcriptional control of insulin resistance.

Insulin resistance is one of the defining features of type 2 diabetes and the metabolic syndrome and accompanies many other clinical conditions, ranging from obesity to lipodystrophy to glucocorticoid excess. Extraordinary efforts have gone into defining the mechanisms that underlie insulin resistance, with most attention focused on altered signalling as well as mitochondrial and endoplasmic reticulum stress. Here, nuclear mechanisms of insulin resistance, including transcriptional and epigenomic effects, will be discussed. Three levels of control involving transcription factors, transcription

Spatial Proteomics and Epigenomics Reveal Cell Morphology and Epigenetic Gene Regulation in Human Hippocampus.

We present the first spatial tri-omic (proteomic, transcriptomic, and epigenomic) taxonomy of human hippocampus, addressing two key challeng … million single cells from 16 individuals. This study demonstrates the use of spatial proteomics and epigenomics to investigate the molecular neuropathology of human brain in both healthy and diseased states.

Beyond Bulk: Cell-Type-Resolved Epigenomics as the Path Forward in Alzheimer's Disease Research.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a complex neurodegenerative disorder in which most risk variants are noncoding and are enriched at gene regulatory regions, implicating epigenetic mechanisms as central mediators of disease pathogenesis. For most of the history of AD epigenetics research, bulk tissue analysis has dominated, obscuring the fundamentally distinct epigenomic landscapes of individual brain cell types and masking cell-type-specific contributions to disease. Advances in single-cell and single-nucleus sequencing, fluorescence-activated nuclei sorting and multiplexed epigenomic platforms hav

A review of single-cell transcriptomics and epigenomics studies in maternal and child health.

Single-cell sequencing technologies enhance our understanding of cellular dynamics throughout pregnancy. We outlined the workflow of single-cell sequencing techniques and reviewed single-cell studies in maternal and child health. We conducted a literature review of single cell studies on maternal and child health using PubMed. We summarized the findings from 16 single-cell atlases of the human and mammalian placenta across gestational stages and 31 single-cell studies on maternal exposures and complications including infection, obesity, diet, gestational diabetes, pre-eclampsia, environmental

Risks and rewards of big-data in epigenomics research: an interview with Melanie Ehrlich.

Melanie Ehrlich, PhD, is a professor in the Tulane Cancer Center, the Tulane Center for Medical Bioinformatics and Genomics and the Hayward Human Genetics Program at Tulane Medical School, New Orleans, LA. She obtained her PhD in molecular biology in 1971 from the State University of New York at Stony Brook and completed postdoctoral research at Albert Einstein College of Medicine in 1972. She has been working on various aspects of epigenetics, starting with DNA methylation, since 1973. Her group made many first findings about DNA methylation (see below). For example, in 1982 and 1983, in coll

Epigenomics and transcriptomics association study of blood pressure and incident diagnosis of hypertension in twins.

Hypertension is the most frequent health-related condition worldwide and is a primary risk factor for renal and cardiovascular diseases. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms are still poorly understood. To uncover these mechanisms, multi-omics studies have significant potential, but such studies are challenged by genetic and environmental confounding - an issue that can be effectively reduced by studying intra-pair differences in twins. Here, we coupled data on hypertension diagnoses from the nationwide Danish Patient Registry to a study population of 740 twins for whom genome-wide DNA

Single-cell transcriptomics and epigenomics unravel the role of monocytes in neuroblastoma bone marrow metastasis.

Metastasis is the major cause of cancer-related deaths. Neuroblastoma (NB), a childhood tumor has been molecularly defined at the primary cancer site, however, the bone marrow (BM) as the metastatic niche of NB is poorly characterized. Here we perform single-cell transcriptomic and epigenomic profiling of BM aspirates from 11 subjects spanning three major NB subtypes and compare these to five age-matched and metastasis-free BM, followed by in-depth single cell analyses of tissue diversity and cell-cell interactions, as well as functional validation. We show that cellular plasticity of NB tumor

The Molecular Biology of Susceptibility to Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder: Highlights of Epigenetics and Epigenomics.

Exposure to trauma is one of the most important and prevalent risk factors for mental and physical ill-health. Excessive or prolonged stress exposure increases the risk of a wide variety of mental and physical symptoms. However, people differ strikingly in their susceptibility to develop signs and symptoms of mental illness after traumatic stress. Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a debilitating disorder affecting approximately 8% of the world's population during their lifetime, and typically develops after exposure to a traumatic event. Despite that exposure to potentially traumatizing

Advancing Personalized Medicine in Alzheimer's Disease: Liquid Biopsy Epigenomics Unveil APOE ε4-Linked Methylation Signatures.

Recent studies show that patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) harbor specific methylation marks in the brain that, if accessible, could be used as epigenetic biomarkers. Liquid biopsy enables the study of circulating cell-free DNA (cfDNA) fragments originated from dead cells, including neurons affected by neurodegenerative processes. Here, we isolated and epigenetically characterized plasma cfDNA from 35 patients with AD and 35 cognitively healthy controls by using the Infinium® MethylationEPIC BeadChip array. Bioinformatics analysis was performed to identify differential methylation positio

Sociodemographic and Lifestyle Factors and Epigenetic Aging in US Young Adults: NIMHD Social Epigenomics Program.

IMPORTANCE: Epigenetic clocks represent molecular evidence of disease risk and aging processes and have been used to identify how social and lifestyle characteristics are associated with accelerated biological aging. However, most research is based on samples of older adults who already have measurable chronic disease. OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether and how sociodemographic and lifestyle characteristics are associated with biological aging in a younger adult sample across a wide array of epigenetic clock measures. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This cohort study was conducted using da

Interplay of the nasal microbiome and epigenome among adolescents.

BACKGROUND: The respiratory microbiome, including that of the nasal cavity, is involved in host defense and airway pathophysiology. Interactions of the microbiome with the host immune system may impact health and disease susceptibility through changes in the epigenome. In this study, we aimed to analyze cross-sectional associations of nasal microbiome composition and the nasal epigenome among adolescents in the Project Viva cohort (N = 372, mean age: 13.0 years). We collected nasal swabs from anterior nares, profiled the microbiome by 16 S rRNA gene sequencing, and grouped samples into 6 clust

Epigenomic diagnosis and prognosis of Acute Myeloid Leukemia.

Despite the critical role of DNA methylation, clinical implementations harnessing its promise have not been described in acute myeloid leukemia. Utilizing DNA methylation from 3314 leukemia patient samples across 11 harmonized cohorts, we describe the Acute Leukemia Methylome Atlas, which includes robust models capable of accurately predicting AML subtypes. A genome-wide prognostic model as well as a targeted panel of 38 CpGs significantly predict five-year survival in our pediatric and adult test cohorts. To accelerate rapid clinical utility, we develop a specimen-to-result protocol that uses

Oncogenic viruses rewire the epigenome in human cancer.

Viruses contribute to approximately 15-20% of global cancer cases, yet the full spectrum of their oncogenic mechanisms continues to be uncovered. Beyond the classical roles of genome integration, chronic inflammation, and immune evasion, mounting evidence reveals that oncogenic viruses-including the human papillomavirus (HPV), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), and Human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1)-profoundly reshape the host epigenome to establish persistent infection and promote tumorigenesis. These viruses orchestrate widespread and durable

Epigenome-Driven Strategies for Personalized Cancer Immunotherapy.

Fighting cancer remains one of the greatest challenges for science in the 21st century. Advances in immunotherapy against different types of cancer have greatly contributed to the treatment, remission, and cure of patients. In this context, knowledge of epigenetic phenomena, their relationship with tumor cells and how the immune system can be epigenetically modulated represent some of the greatest advances in the development of anticancer therapies. Epigenetics is a rapidly growing field that studies how environmental factors can affect gene expression without altering DNA sequence. Epigenomic

Совпадение в полном тексте источника
… For example, epigenomic changes have been linked to the development of obesity and diabetes, which are often caused by poor diet and lack of exercise. 17 The study of epigenomics in disease is still in its early stages, but researchers are working to better understand the underlying mechanisms and to … As research in this field continues to advance, it is likely that we will see the development of new therapies that target the underlying epigenomic mechanisms of disease, leading to more effective treatments and improved outcomes for patients. 13 In summary, epigenetics and epigenomics are rapidly …

The follicular lymphoma epigenome regulates its microenvironment.

Follicular lymphoma (FL) is a B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma of germinal center (GC) origin with a distinctive tumor microenvironment (TME) and a unique spectrum of mutations. Despite the important therapeutic advances, FL is still incurable. During B-cell development, the GC reaction is a complex multistep process in which epigenetic regulators dynamically induce or suppress transcriptional programs. In FL, epigenetic gene mutations perturb the regulation of these programs, changing GC B-cell function and skewing differentiation towards tumor cells and altering the microenvironment interactions.

Genomic and Epigenomic Landscape of Juvenile Myelomonocytic Leukemia.

Juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia (JMML) is a rare myelodysplastic/myeloproliferative neoplasm of early childhood. Most of JMML patients experience an aggressive clinical course of the disease and require hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, which is currently the only curative treatment. JMML is characterized by RAS signaling hyperactivation, which is mainly driven by mutations in one of five genes of the RAS pathway, including PTPN11, KRAS, NRAS, NF1, and CBL. These driving mutations define different disease subtypes with specific clinico-biological features. Secondary mutations affecting

Epigenomic Remodeling in Huntington's Disease-Master or Servant?

In light of our aging population, neurodegenerative disorders are becoming a tremendous challenge, that modern societies have to face. They represent incurable, progressive conditions with diverse and complex pathological features, followed by catastrophic occurrences of massive neuronal loss at the later stages of the diseases. Some of these disorders, like Huntington's disease (HD), rely on defined genetic factors. HD, as an incurable, fatal hereditary neurodegenerative disorder characterized by its mid-life onset, is caused by the expansion of CAG trinucleotide repeats coding for glutamine

A Unique Epigenomic Landscape Defines Human Erythropoiesis.

Mammalian erythropoiesis yields a highly specialized cell type, the mature erythrocyte, evolved to meet the organismal needs of increased oxygen-carrying capacity. To better understand the regulation of erythropoiesis, we performed genome-wide studies of chromatin accessibility, DNA methylation, and transcriptomics using a recently developed strategy to obtain highly purified populations of primary human erythroid cells. The integration of gene expression, DNA methylation, and chromatin state dynamics reveals that stage-specific gene regulation during erythropoiesis is a stepwise and hierarchi