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[Genotypes of Neisseria meningitidis isolates in patients with meningococcal meningitis in Paraguay, 1996-2015Genótipos de Neisseria meningitidis isolados de pacientes com doença meningocócica no Paraguai, 1996-2015].

OBJECTIVE: Describe the phenotypical and genotypical characteristics of Neisseria meningitidis isolates from cases of meningococcal disease in Paraguay between 1996 and 2015. METHODS: Conventional microbiological methods and molecular techniques were used to study 114 isolates of N. meningitidis and 12 clinical samples without isolation (confirmed by polymerase chain reaction), provided by various sentinel centers and collaborating centers in Paraguay. RESULTS: The most affected age group was children under 1 year (19.0%), followed by 1-5-year-olds (17.5%). The highest percentage of strains …

Adolescent mental health in vulnerable urban contexts in Paraguay post-COVID-19 pandemic.

This study explored the mental health and well-being of 267 adolescents in two vulnerable urban communities in Paraguay, using a mixed-methods convergent triangulation design. Quantitative measures included the Psychological Well-Being Scale for Youth (BIEPS-J), the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS-21), and the Drug Abuse Screening Test (DAST-10). Qualitative data on mental health subjective experiences and community perspectives were collected through semi-structured focus groups. Results revealed that a significant portion of adolescents reported moderate-to-extremely severe level…

Molecular detection and hematological alterations in dogs infected by Babesia vogeli from Paraguay.

Babesiosis is a vector-borne disease caused by an intraerythrocytic protozoan parasite of the genus Babesia. There are several species of Ba … first study involving molecular detection and hematology abnormalities in dogs with B. vogeli from Paraguay.

Suicides among adults in Paraguay: An 18-year national exploratory study (2004-2022).

BACKGROUND: The number of suicides has been increasing worldwide, year after year, becoming the fourth leading cause of death among young people between 15 and 29 years of age. AIM: In this study, we explored the frequency and characteristics of suicides among the adult general population in Paraguay between 2004 and 2022, considering that suicide attempts and suicidal risk/ideation are frequent and relevant issues in the consultation activity, even if epidemiological evidence on the national rates of suicide is scarce. METHODS: In this observational, descriptive, and exploratory study, offi…

Retrospective Spatio-Temporal Dynamics of Dengue Virus 1, 2 and 4 in Paraguay.

Dengue virus (DENV) has been a major public health concern in Paraguay, with frequent outbreaks occurring since early 1988. Although control measures have been implemented, dengue remains a significant health threat in the country, and continued efforts are required for prevention and control. In response to that, in collaboration with the Central Public Health Laboratory in Asunción, we conducted a portable whole-genome sequencing and phylodynamic analysis to investigate DENV viral strains circulating in Paraguay over the past epidemics. Our genomic surveillance activities revealed the co-cir…

Обнаружение нейтрализации антител против флавивирусов у птиц свободного действия, Парагвай (2016 - 2018 годы).

Вирус энцефалита Сент-Луиса (SLEV), вирус Западного Нила (WNV) и вирус Ильхеуса (ILHV) представляют собой флавивидирусы, поддерживаемые энзоотической трансмиссией между комарами и птицами. Они были обнаружены в Южной Америке, и никаких данных по Парагваю не поступало. Мы обнаружили наличие нейтрализации антител для SLEV, WNV и ILHV у птиц, собранных в Парагвае (2016 - 2018 годы). В организме птиц было обнаружено четыре положительных образца: одна SLEV (красная щетка), одна WNV (запатентованные муравьи) и две ILHV (белые голубки и блестящие коровьи птицы). Эти результаты дают новую информацию о

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Saint Louis encephalitis virus (SLEV), West Nile virus (WNV) and Ilheus virus (ILHV) are flaviviruses maintained by enzootic transmission networks between mosquitoes and birds. They have been detected in South America, with no records for Paraguay. We detected the presence of neutralizing antibodies for SLEV, WNV and ILHV in free-ranging birds collected in P…

Molecular survey and genetic diversity of Bartonella spp. in domestic cats from Paraguay.

Although Bartonella spp. is described in cats worldwide, little is known about the occurrence and genetic diversity of Bartonella spp. in cats from South America. To date, it has only been detected in cats from Brazil, Chile and Argentina. This study aimed to undertake a molecular survey and explore the genetic diversity of Bartonella spp. in domestic cats from Paraguay. A TaqMan real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) targeting the nuoG gene (83 bp) for Bartonella spp. was used to screen 125 blood samples from cats in Asuncion, Paraguay. nuoG qPCR-positive samples were further submitted to conventi…

Chagas disease vector control through different intervention modalities in endemic localities of Paraguay.

In a field study carried out in three rural communities in Paraguay in a zone endemic for Chagas disease, we implemented three different vector control interventions--spraying, housing improvement, and a combination of spraying plus housing improvement--which effectively reduced the triatomine infestation. The reduction of triatomine infestation was 100% (47/47) in the combined intervention community, whereas in the community where housing improvement was carried out it was 96.4% (53/55). In the community where fumigation alone was used, the impact was 97.6% (40/41) in terms of domiciliary inf…

Excess tuberculosis risk during and following incarceration in Paraguay: a retrospective cohort study.

BACKGROUND: The increased risk of tuberculosis (TB) among people deprived of liberty (PDL) is due to individual and institution-level factors. We followed a cohort of PDL from 5 prisons in Paraguay to describe the risk of TB during incarceration and after they were released. METHODS: We linked a 2013 national census of prisons with TB records from the TB Program from 2010 to 2021 to identify TB notifications among incarcerated and formerly incarcerated individuals. We used multivariable Cox regression models to quantify the risk of TB during and following incarceration and to identify risk fa…

WHO method for estimating congenital syphilis to inform surveillance and service provision, Paraguay.

PROBLEM: In Paraguay, incomplete surveillance data resulted in the burden of congenital syphilis being underestimated, which, in turn, led to missed opportunities for infant diagnosis and treatment. APPROACH: The prevalence of congenital syphilis, as defined by the World Health Organization (WHO), was estimated for Paraguay using the WHO congenital syphilis estimation tool. This tool was also used to monitor progress towards the elimination of mother-to-child transmission of syphilis. LOCAL SETTING: The burden of syphilis in Paraguay has historically been high: its prevalence in pregnant wom…

Refractive error study in young subjects: results from a rural area in Paraguay.

AIM: To evaluate the distribution of refractive error in young subjects in a rural area of Paraguay in the context of an international cooperation campaign for the prevention of blindness. METHODS: A sample of 1466 young subjects (ranging from 3 to 22 years old), with a mean age of 11.21±3.63 years old, were examined to assess their distance visual acuity (VA) and refractive error. The first screening examination performed by trained volunteers, included visual acuity testing, autokeratometry and non-cycloplegic autorefraction. Inclusion criteria for a second complete cycloplegic eye examinat…

Perinatal risk for common mental disorders and suicidal ideation among women in Paraguay.

OBJECTIVE: To examine the association between mental health problems among pregnant women and those in the postpartum period using a nationally representative sample of 6538 women aged 15-49 years from the National Survey of Demography and Sexual and Reproductive Health in Paraguay. METHODS: The predicted probabilities (PP) of common mental disorders (CMD) and suicidal ideation were assessed using the Self-Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ-20) and logistic regression models. RESULTS: No evidence was found of an increased risk for mental health problems associated with being pregnant or in the pos…

Tick-borne diseases of cattle in Paraguay. II. Immunisation against anaplasmosis and babesiosis.

A total of 102 susceptible adult Holstein Friesian cattle imported into an area of Paraguay where anaplasmosis and babesiosis are endemic were immunised by infection with Anaplasma centrale and attenuated forms of Babesia bigemina and Babesia bovis obtained from Uruguay. The results indicated that the attenuated forms of both Babesia species protected cattle against heterologous field challenge whereas A. centrale did not invariably confer sufficient protection against a field challenge of A. marginale.

[Detection of hereditary angioedema: first approach to laboratory diagnosis and patient characterization in Paraguay].

OBJECTIVE: To establish, at the first time in Paraguay, for the first time in Paraguay, the laboratory diagnosis of HAE and to characterize affected patients. METHODS: An observational, descriptive, and cross-sectional study was conducted from 2023 to 2024 in patients older than one year with clinical symptoms of hereditary angioedema and asymptomatic relatives registered with the AEH-Paraguay Association, and 20 healthy donors. Quantitative C1-INH was determined by radial immunodiffusion and functional C1-INH by ELISA. Clinical and sociodemographic characteristics were evaluated. RESULTS: F…

[Clinical-epidemiological characterization of patients with tuberculosis in the Department of Caaguazú, Paraguay. 2014-2017].

BACKGROUND: Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the ten leading causes of death worldwide. AIM: To characterize the clinical and epidemiological point of view of TB cases reported in the Department of Caaguazú-Paraguay, from 2014 to 2017. METHODS: Observational, descriptive, retrospective study; Population: 659 cases of TB registered in the National Tuberculosis Control Program (NTCP); variables: age, sex, population group, type of TB, TB/HIV coinfection. We procesed database in Excel 2016 © using Stata 14.0®. RESULTS: 63.3% were of male gender, average age: 35.8 years, 39.6% were indigenous and 85…

Clinical manifestations of primary and secondary dengue in Paraguay and its relation to virus serotype.

INTRODUCTION: Dengue virus (DENV) infection is currently a major cause of morbidity in the world, and its incidence has mainly increased during the last years in Latin America, including Paraguay. The objective of this study was to compare the clinical and laboratory findings of dengue and assess whether the serotype is a risk factor for severity. METHODOLOGY: We included patients ≤ 15 years old hospitalized with dengue at the Institute of Tropical Medicine, from Paraguay, from 2007 to 2018. Patients were classified according to the 2009 WHO dengue classification guidelines and were stratifie…

Characterization of type I interferon responses in dengue and severe dengue in children in Paraguay.

BACKGROUND: Infection with dengue virus (DENV) produces a wide spectrum of clinical illness ranging from asymptomatic infection to mild febr … nd related cytokines at different phases of illness in children during the 2011 outbreak of DENV in Paraguay. Demographic, clinical, laboratory and virological data were analyzed. RESULTS: During defervescence, significantly higher levels of IFN-β, IL-6 and MIP-1β, were detected in severe vs. non-severe dengue patients. Additionally, a significant positiv …

Visual acuity and refraction by age for children of three different ethnic groups in Paraguay.

PURPOSE: To characterize refractive errors in Paraguayan children aged 5-16 years and investigate effect of age, gender, and ethnicity. METHODS: The study was conducted at 3 schools that catered to Mennonite, indigenous, and mixed race children. Children were examined for presenting visual acuity, autorefraction with and without cycloplegia, and retinoscopy. Data were analyzed for myopia and hyperopia (SE ≤-1 D or -0.5 D and ≥2 D or ≥3 D) and astigmatism (cylinder ≥1 D). Spherical equivalent (SE) values were calculated from right eye cycloplegic autorefraction data and analyzed using general …

Prevalence of tuberculosis respiratory symptoms and associated factors in the indigenous populations of Paraguay (2012).

BACKGROUND: The prevalence of respiratory symptoms and confirmed tuberculosis (TB) among indigenous groups in Paraguay is unknown. METHODS: This study assessed the prevalence of respiratory symptoms, confirmed pulmonary TB, and associated socio-economic factors among indigenous Paraguayan populations. Indigenous persons residing in selected communities were included in the study. A total of 24,352 participants were interviewed at home between October and December 2012. Respiratory symptomatic individuals were defined as those with respiratory symptoms of TB. A hierarchical Poisson regression …

[Infectious keratitis in children: an epidemiological and microbiological study in a university hospital in Asunción-Paraguay].

PURPOSE: To describe the microbiologic aspects of infectious keratitis in children (0-18 years old) examined at the Department of Ophthalmology of the National University of Asunción-Paraguay, during a 14-year period (1988-2002). METHODS: The authors retrospectively studied 146 children, under 18 years old, with infectious keratitis at the Department of Ophthalmology of the National University of Asunción-Paraguay, from 1988 to 2002. RESULTS: The cultures were positive in 113 patients (77%) with 70% of bacterial and 30% of fungal etiology. Coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (23.1%), Staphyloc…