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Brain macrophages: on the role of pericytes and perivascular cells.

Pericytes are a unique cell group intimately associated with the vasculature and that appear to be present in most tissues. Their presence is generally considered to be restricted to the microvessels - arterioles, venules and particularly capillaries, where there is little or no smooth muscle. Morphologically, the pericytes exhibit a small, oval cell body with multiple processes extending for some distance along the vessel axis; these primary processes then give rise to orthogonal secondary branches which encircle the vascular wall. Through this morphology and their close association with the …

The effect of endothelin 1 on the retinal microvascular pericyte.

The effect of the highly vasoactive peptide endothelin 1 (ET1) was tested on bovine retinal microvascular pericytes propagated in vitro. Specific binding of 125I-ET1 to retinal pericytes was documented by autoradiography. ET1 caused contraction of pericytes at a concentration of 0.1 nM which was accompanied by increases in inositol phosphates. Exposure of pericytes to 10 nM ET1 resulted in the aggregation and realignment of muscle-specific actins into bundles which were oriented parallel to the long axis of the cell, and ET1 was also mitogenic to pericytes in the presence of low levels of feta…

Cd248a regulates pericyte development and viability in zebrafish.

CD248 is a pericyte marker during embryonic and tumor neovascularization. Although its expression pattern and function in mammalian pericytes have been extensively studied, its role in zebrafish pericytes remains largely unexplored. In this study, we identify that among the two zebrafish orthologs of human CD248, cd248a, rather than cd248b, is predominantly expressed in pericytes during embryonic development. We generate cd248a and cd248b mutant zebrafish (cd248acc11/cc11 and cd248bcc12/cc12) and observe a significant reduction in pericyte numbers in cd248acc11/cc11 mutants, accompanied by dis…

Aggressive prostate cancer is associated with pericyte dysfunction.

Pericytes are intrinsic components of vessels that regulate vascular stability and permeability. Aberrant vascularization is a hallmark of cancer, although the contribution of pericytes to this process is poorly understood. Here, we undertook a combined computational and experimental approach to identify the molecular reprogramming of prostate pericytes during cancer pathogenesis and progression. Analysis of human prostate cancer and murine models showed that prostate tumors exhibit a disequilibrium between endothelial and pericyte content with prognostic potential. Deeper molecular analysis r…

The Multifaceted Roles of Pituitary Pericytes in Health and Disease.

Pericytes are mural cells distributed in the basement membrane of precapillary arterioles, capillaries, and postcapillary venules and are indispensable parts of the vascular microenvironment. To date, pericytes have been found to play a crucial role in vascular homeostasis in several organs. The pituitary gland has a complex network of blood vessels that support endocrine function; thus, pericytes also have irreplaceable functions in the pituitary vascular microenvironment, including angiogenesis, vascular regulation, neuroendocrine, extracellular matrix regulation, and mesenchymal-like differ…

Molecular Regulation of the Response of Brain Pericytes to Hypoxia.

The brain needs sufficient oxygen in order to function normally. This is achieved by a large vascular capillary network ensuring that oxygen supply meets the changing demand of the brain tissue, especially in situations of hypoxia. Brain capillaries are formed by endothelial cells and perivascular pericytes, whereby pericytes in the brain have a particularly high 1:1 ratio to endothelial cells. Pericytes not only have a key location at the blood/brain interface, they also have multiple functions, for example, they maintain blood-brain barrier integrity, play an important role in angiogenesis a…

The Role of Pericytes in Regulation of Innate and Adaptive Immunity.

Pericytes are perivascular multipotent cells wrapping microvascular capillaries, where they support vasculature functioning, participate in tissue regeneration, and regulate blood flow. However, recent evidence suggests that in addition to traditionally credited structural function, pericytes also manifest immune properties. In this review, we summarise recent data regarding pericytes' response to different pro-inflammatory stimuli and their involvement in innate immune responses through expression of pattern-recognition receptors. Moreover, pericytes express various adhesion molecules, thus r…

[Clinicopathological features and diagnosis of pericytic tumors of the kidney].

Objective: To investigate the clinicopathologic features,diagnosis and prognosis of pericytic tumor of the kidney. Methods: Three cases of pericytic tumor of the kidney (two cases were diagnosed as glomangiomyomas and one case as pericytic tumor,unclassified) were collected from the affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University between January 2014 to May 2021; the clinical and morphologic features, immunohistochemical and molecular characteristics were analyzed and the relevant literature was reviewed. Results: The three patients included one male and two females, with ages ranging from 21 to 70

Pericytes and Neurovascular Function in the Healthy and Diseased Brain.

Pericytes are multi-functional cells embedded within the walls of capillaries throughout the body, including the brain. Pericytes were first identified in the 1870s, but little attention was paid to them during the following century. More recently, numerous vascular functions of pericytes have been identified including regulation of cerebral blood flow, maintenance of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), and control of vascular development and angiogenesis. Pericytes can also facilitate neuroinflammatory processes and possess stem cell-like properties. Pericytes form part of the neurovascular unit (…

[Effects of pericytes on the leakage of rat corneal neovascularization].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the effects of pericytes on the leakage of rat corneal neovascularization (CNV). METHODS: CNV was induced by micropocket assay in rats. Two eyes of the same rat were divided randomly into experimental and control groups. The experimental group received the VEGF + anti-PDGF-B pellet while the control group the VEGF + PBS pellet. Corneal samples were excised at Day 5 postoperation. CNV leakage was measured by Evans blue method. Pericyte coverage index (MPI) was applied to quantify the pericyte coverage through double immunofluorescent stain of frozen sections of corneas wi…

The pericyte: cellular regulator of microvascular blood flow.

The vascular system - through its development, response to injury, and remodeling during disease - constitutes one of the key organ systems sustaining normal human physiology; conversely, its dysregulation also underlies multiple pathophysiologic processes. Regulation of vascular endothelial cell function requires the integration of complex signals via multiple cell types, including arterial smooth muscle, capillary and post-capillary pericytes, and other perivascular cells such as glial and immune cells. Here, we focus on the pericyte and its roles in microvascular remodeling, reviewing curre…

Effects of mitochondrial O-GlcNAcylation in pericytes after mechanical injury.

Damage to vascular cells comprise an important part of traumatic brain injury (TBI) but the underlying pathophysiology remains to be fully elucidated. Here, we investigate the loss of O-Linked β-N-acetylglucosamine(O-GlcNAc) modification (O-GlcNAcylation) and mitochondrial disruption in vascular pericytes as a candidate mechanism. In mouse models in vivo, TBI rapidly induces vascular oxidative stress and down-regulates mitochondrial O-GlcNAcylation. In pericytes but not brain endothelial cultures in vitro, mechanical stretch injury down-regulates mitochondrial O-GlcNAcylation. This is accompan…

Открытая центральная нервная система Pericites: Immunofluorescence Protocol и Confocal Microscopy.

Перициты представляют собой загадочные клетки, которые вносят значительный вклад в гомеостазиз центральной нервной системы (СНС), регулирование кровеносного барьера (ББД), ангиогенез и поддержание нейроваскулярной целостности. Эти разнородные клетки связаны с кровеносными сосудами, встроенными в сосудистую базальную ламину (VBL) и близкими к эндотелиальным клеткам (EC). Их многогранная роль в физиологии, развитии и патологии CNS была связана с различными неврологическими расстройствами, такими, как инсульт, болезнь Альцгеймера и множественный склероз. Иммуногистохимия (МГК) в сочетании с снимк

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Pericytes are enigmatic cells that contribute significantly to central nervous system (CNS) homeostasis, blood-brain barrier (BBB) regulation, angiogenesis, and maintenance of neurovascular integrity. These versatile cells are associated with blood vessels, embedded within the vascular basal lamina (VBL), and closest to endothelial cells (ECs). Their multifa…

Pericytes: Unsung heroes in myelin repair after neonatal brain hypoxia.

Preterm infants can face lasting neurodevelopmental challenges due to hypoxia-induced injury of the cerebral white matter. In this issue of Neuron, Ren et al.1 identify microvascular pericytes as unexpected targets for growth hormone signaling, which enhances angiogenesis and remyelination after hypoxic injury in the developing mouse brain.

Breast pericytes: a newly identified driver of tumor cell proliferation.

INTRODUCTION: Effective treatment of breast cancer remains a formidable challenge, partly due to our limited understanding of the complex mi … nd shared marker expression with other cell types. These challenges have hindered efforts to purify pericytes and generate primary cell models for studying their biology. METHODS: Using a recently developed FACS method, we successfully identified and purified each cell type from breast tissues, allowing us to deep-sequence their transcriptomes and generate …

PGC-1α affects cochlear pericytes migration in noise-exposed mice.

OBJECTIVE: The study aimed to observe the effects of noise exposure on the pericytes of the cochlear stria vascularis (SV) in mice and to investigate its molecular mechanism. METHOD: Male C57BL/6J mice aged 6-8 weeks were used as the subjects. Auditory Brainstem Response (ABR) was used to assess hearing loss. Hematoxylin and Eosin (HE) staining was conducted to observe morphological alterations in the SV. Immunofluorescence combined with transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was used to scrutinize changes in pericytes following acoustic injury. Western blotting (WB) was used to assess the ex…

Infection of Brain Pericytes Underlying Neuropathology of COVID-19 Patients.

A wide range of neurological manifestations have been associated with the development of COVID-19 following SARS-CoV-2 infection. However, the etiology of the neurological symptomatology is still largely unexplored. Here, we used state-of-the-art multiplexed immunostaining of human brains (n = 6 COVID-19, median age = 69.5 years; n = 7 control, median age = 68 years) and demonstrated that expression of the SARS-CoV-2 receptor ACE2 is restricted to a subset of neurovascular pericytes. Strikingly, neurological symptoms were exclusive to, and ubiquitous in, patients that exhibited moderate to hig…

Denser brain capillary network with preserved pericytes in Alzheimer's disease.

Pericytes are vascular mural cells that surround capillaries of the central nervous system (CNS). They are crucial for brain development and contribute to CNS homeostasis by regulating blood-brain barrier function and cerebral blood flow. It has been suggested that pericytes are lost in Alzheimer's disease (AD), implicating this cell type in disease pathology. Here, we have employed state-of-the-art stereological morphometry techniques as well as tissue clearing and two-photon imaging to assess the distribution of pericytes in two independent cohorts of AD (n = 16 and 13) and non-demented cont…

Acute Ablation of Cortical Pericytes Leads to Rapid Neurovascular Uncoupling.

Pericytes are perivascular mural cells that enwrap brain capillaries and maintain blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity. Most studies suggest that pericytes regulate cerebral blood flow (CBF) and oxygen delivery to activated brain structures, known as neurovascular coupling. While we have previously shown that congenital loss of pericytes leads over time to aberrant hemodynamic responses, the effects of acute global pericyte loss on neurovascular coupling have not been studied. To address this, we used our recently reported inducible pericyte-specific Cre mouse line crossed to iDTR mice carrying…