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[Diagnosis of pleurisy].

Diagnosis of pleural effusion, suggested by chest pain or dyspnea, is assessed by physical examination, chest X-ray sometimes completed by other imaging techniques, and mainly by thoracentesis. Thoracentesis is mandatory for the diagnostic of pleural effusion as three diagnosis are associated with an emergency treatment: pulmonary embolism; hemothorax; empyema. If the fluid is a transudate, no further invasive studies are necessary. If the cause of pleural exsudat cannot be established by a careful history, physical examination and fluid analysis, generally closed pleural biopsy should be done