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Entomological surveys and insecticide susceptibility profile of Aedes aegypti during the dengue outbreak in Sao Tome and Principe in 2022.

BACKGROUND: The first dengue outbreak in Sao Tome and Principe was reported in 2022. Entomological investigations were undertaken to establi … aegypti sampled were susceptible to all insecticides tested except dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) (9.2% mortality, resistant), bendiocarb (61.4% mortality, resistant) and alpha-cypermethrin (97% mortality, probable resistant). A full recovery was observed in Ae. aegypti resistant to bendiocarb after pre-exposure to synergist PBO. Only one Ae. a …

Эволюция kdr haplotype в мировом популяции Aedes aegypti: независимое происхождение кдр мутации F1534C.

Eedes aegypti — главный вектор лихорадки денге, чикунгунии, зика и желтой лихорадки в городах. Инсектициды часто являются наиболее эффективными средствами быстрого снижения плотности переносчиков, особенно во время вспышек арбовирусных заболеваний. Однако интенсивное применение инсектицидов, в частности пиретроидов, было выбрано для устойчивых комарных популяций во всем мире. К числу основных механизмов устойчивости к пиретроидам и ДДТ, известных также как "контактная резистентность", относятся мутации в питаемом напряжением канале натрия (NaV). Здесь мы рассказываем об исследованиях происхожд

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Aedes aegypti is the primary vector of dengue, chikungunya, Zika, and urban yellow fever. Insecticides are often the most effective tools to … tage gated sodium channel (NaV) are among the principal mechanisms of resistance to pyrethroids and DDT, also known as "knockdown resistance," kdr. Here we report studies on the origin and dispersion of kdr haplotypes in samples of Ae. aegypti from its worldwide distribution. We amplified the IIS6 and IIIS6 NaV segments from pools of Ae. aegypti popul …

Deficits in Visuo-Motor Temporal Integration Impacts Manual Dexterity in Probable Developmental Coordination Disorder.

The neurological basis of developmental coordination disorder (DCD) is thought to be deficits in the internal model and mirror-neuron system … o extract factors affecting clumsy manual dexterity. In the results, the delay-detection threshold (DDT) and steepness of the delay-detection probability curve, which indicated visuo-motor temporal integration ability, were significantly prolonged and decreased, respectively, in children with pDCD. The interference effect, which indicated automatic-im …

Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins/polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and organochlorine pesticides in human blood of pregnant women from Germany.

Blood samples from 226 pregnant women aged between 19 and 41 yr, living in an industrialized area of Germany (Duisburg birth cohort study), … ) beta-hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH), 0.6-520 ng/L (median: 18) 4,4'-dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), and 0.1-9.1 microg/L (median: 0.54) 4,4'-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethene (DDE). Parameters influencing the POP levels in human blood were examined using multiple regression models. Levels and the levels scatter widths of most PCDD/F and PCB congene …

Perennial Existence of Organochlorine Pesticides in the Soils of Amghara, Kuwait.

A comprehensive study from the surface soil samples of 14 locations from Amghara, Kuwait were assessed for the investigation of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs). There is limited information regarding the distribution pattern of OCPs in the soil samples of Kuwait. The total concentration of OCPs was in the range of 209.39 pg/g -7449.18 pg/g with an average value of 1313.04 pg/g. DDT had higher concentrations in soil samples (969.52 pg/g) than the other pesticides, according to the findings. The distribution pattern of OCPs in the Amghara soils revealed their origin as both historical and recen…

Persistent organic pollutants in blubber of fin whales (Balaenoptera physalus) from the Southern Ocean.

Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) were analyzed in eighteen blubber samples biopsied from fin whales (Balaenoptera physalus) during the feeding season near the Antarctic Peninsula in the summer of 2013. POP content (in ng g-1 lipid weight) ranged from 46.4 to 708 for polychlorinated biphenyls (∑PCBs), 6.77 to 123 for hexachlorobenzene (HCB), 10.1 to 489 for dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane and derivatives (∑DDTs), 5.38 to 52.8 for hexachlorocyclohexanes (∑HCH) and <0.40 to 2.54 for polybrominated diphenyl ethers (∑PBDEs). The presence of those compounds in Southern Ocean fin whales is relate…

Louse and tick borne relapsing fevers.

Relapsing fever, caused by spirochaetes belonging to the genus Borrelia, was once the cause of worldwide epidemic zoonotic disease. This was largely through infection with the louse-borne form of the disease, caused by Borrelia recurrentis [(louse-borne relapsing fever (LBRF)]. Another form of replasing fever is caused by Borrelia duttonii [(tick-borne relapsing fever (TBRF)]. The introduction and the wide use of DDT in the last century, which is forbidden now, the incidence and prevalence of both LBRF and TBRF markedly decreased. However, with the increase of rapid transportation, crowdedness…

Long-lasting insecticidal nets fail at household level to reduce abundance of sandfly vector Phlebotomus argentipes in treated houses in Bihar (India).

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether the use of long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINS) at household level are effective in reducing the abundance … ring the reproduction season. A campaign of indoor spraying with dichloro-diphenyl-trichloroethane (DDT) interfered with the trial but did not affect the sandfly population. Results Only the density of males of P. argentipes was significantly reduced by both the LLINs but not the females. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that most female sandflies …

Genome-wide analysis of phenobarbital-inducible genes in Drosophila melanogaster.

An oligoarray analysis was conducted to determine the differential expression of genes due to phenobarbital exposure in Drosophila melanogas … ymerase chain reaction. Some of these genes have been shown to be over-transcribed in metabolically DDT-resistant Drosophila strains.

The once and future threat of the petrochemical industry to the world of life.

In the last 50 years, the petrochemical industry has massively introduced thousands of synthetic organic chemicals into the environment, only recently acknowledging that most of them are hazardous to living things. The industry has unwittingly appropriated from the living world its once-exclusive capability to produce organic chemicals, but has created substances, such as DDT, dioxin, and PCBs, that do not occur in living things and are therefore untested by the long course of evolution. Now, transmuted into biotechnology, the industry is making the same mistake. This time, again unencumbered …

Concentrations and hazard assessment of organochlorine contaminants and mercury in smallmouth bass from a remote lake in the Upper Peninsula of Michigan.

Concentrations of PCBs, DDTs, toxaphene, chlordanes, dieldrin, and mercury were determined in smallmouth bass (Micropterus dolomieui) collected from Fumee Lake, a remote lake in the Upper Peninsula of Michigan. An ecological hazard assessment was conducted to determine potential impacts of contaminants on bald eagles and mink eating fish from this lake. Concentrations of organochlorines, except toxaphene, and mercury in smallmouth bass were similar to those found in fish from Lake Superior, where atmospheric inputs are the primary sources. Bioaccumulation was indicated by a positive correlatio…

[The Chinese Total Diet Study in 1992--chemical contaminants (I). Comparison between different areas].

The second Chinese total diet study was carried in 1992-1993. This paper describes the overall design and method of study, and dietary intak … xcept South 2, exceeded 11.9%-95.3%. The intake of HCH was close to that in 1990, and the intake of DDT was lower than that in 1990. Seven out of the fifteen organophosphorus pesticides were detected in this study, although the dietary intakes were low, only accounted for about/or below 1% of ADI.

Trial of pyrethroid impregnated bednets in an area of Tanzania holoendemic for malaria. Part 2. Effects on the malaria vector population.

The malaria vector population consisted mainly of Anopheles gambiae s.s. with a small contribution from An. funestus and An. rivulorum. The … conclusive regarding diversion to outdoor resting, animal biting, earlier biting or outdoor biting. DDT spraying greatly reduced the Anopheles populations.

Use of the golden hamster in toxicology.

The choice of an appropriate species and strain of laboratory animal is one of the toxicologist's major concerns. The biochemical, anatomical, and other characteristics of the golden hamster which make it a valuable though limited tool in toxicologic research were reviewed. The effects of organochloride insecticides on rats, mice, and hamsters were compared. These substances can be classified into 3 groups based on the hamster's sensitivity to acute toxic effects. The hamster is so insensitive to DDT and its immediate metabolites, DDD and DDE, that an LD50 cannot be established, whereas the ha…

[Entomological surveillance in Mauritius].

The entomological surveillance is an essential link in the fight against malaria in Mauritius. Because of the large number of malaria-infect … f A. arabiensis have not yet developed resistance to Temephos and the adults are still sensitive to DDT. Thus, the larval habitats are treated with Temephos and DDT is sprayed in the residences where there have been native cases of malaria. The entomology division studies the ecology and the evolution of the larval habitats, as well as the impact of t …

Organohalogen contaminants and total mercury in forage fish preyed upon by thick-billed murres in northern Hudson Bay.

Twelve marine fish species collected from a thick-billed murre (Uria lomvia) breeding colony in northern Hudson Bay in the Canadian Arctic during 2007-2009 were analyzed for legacy organochlorines (e.g. PCBs, DDT), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), perfluorinated carboxylates (PFCAs) and sulfonates (PFSAs), and total mercury (Hg). No one species of prey fish had the highest levels across all contaminant groups analyzed. For the two pelagic fish species sampled, concentrations of the major organochlorine groups (e.g. Σ21PCB, ΣDDT, ΣCHL, ΣCBz), ΣPBDE, ΣPFCA and Hg were consistently higher …

An investigation into the JE epidemic of 2000 in Upper Assam--a perspective study.

The viral encephalitis epidemic during 2000 involved all the seven districts of Upper Assam (with 96.4% cases). The epidemiological, serolog … studies in the area) the main vectors Culex vishnui and Mansonia annulifera were susceptible to 4% DDT.

[Geographic approach in malaria control in the central highlands of Madagascar].

Following the severe malaria outbreak in the central highlands in Madagascar in 1986, a vector control program by use DDT pm 75 house-spraying has been implemented to operate in areas located at altitudes between 1000 and 1500 m. Early treatment with chloroquine has also been incorporated in the control program. To detect areas at particular high risk for malaria outbreak the Geographic Information System (GIS) has been applied and tested. The study has shown that the system can be used in malaria surveillance in order to identify areas in which an intense distribution of Anopheles funestus ca…

[Effect of inducers of mixed-function microsomal oxidases on the immune response of mice induced by heterologous erythrocytes].

In experiments on male white mice immunized with sheep red blood cells the influence of various substances, differing in their chemical composition and biological activity, on the antibody titers and the number of rosette-forming cells in the spleen has been studied. These substances, acting as inductors of microsomal oxidases with mixed function (cytochrome P-450 and P-448), are phenobarbital, 3-methylcholanthrene, DDT, diphenin, rifampicin, benzodiazepin derivatives (diazepam and phenazepam). All monoxygenase activity inductors have been shown to exert a more or less pronounced immunosuppres…

Furazolidone-pethidine interaction in rabbits.

1 The intravenous injection of pethidine in rabbits pretreated with furazolidone administered orally but not systemically resulted in severe interaction and fatal hyperpyrexia. 2 Treatment with rho-chlorophenylalanine, chloropromazine of cyproheptadine protected the rabbits against the furazolidone-pethidine interaction, while alpha-methyl-rho-tyrosine was ineffective. 3 5-Hydroxytryptophan produced a fatal hyperpyrexia in furazolidone pretreated rabbits. 4 Pretreatment of rabbits with 1,1,1-trichloro-2, 2-bis(rho-chlorophenyl)ethane (DDT) accelerated and enhanced the furazolidone-pethidine in…