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Acid phosphatase activity in mouse brain infected with Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis virus.

The mode of development of Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis virus and the activity of acid phosphatase in the central nervous system of newborn mice were investigated. Precursor particles appeared to be formed in masses of viroplasm, migrating to the membrane of the Golgi cisterns and vacuoles or to the plasma membrane and being transformed into mature viral particles by budding. Mature viral particles were also found in the lumen of the blood vessels and around the myelin sheath of axons. Increased number of Golgi complexes and depletion of polysomes were the main ultrastructural alteratio…

Nonviable Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis hemagglutinin prepared from tissue cultures by gamma radiation.

Hemagglutinins of Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis virus were produced in tissue cultures, and the infective virus was rendered nonviable by exposure to gamma radiation.

Development and Content Validity of the Clinical Needs Assessment for Myalgic Encephalomyelitis (CNAME).

BACKGROUND: To co-produce the Clinical Needs Assessment for Myalgic Encephalomyelitis (CNAME) with patients and clinicians, and to assess its content validity. METHODS: Guided by the COSMIN guidelines, a draft CNAME was devised from relevant literature and lived experience. It was revised following piloting and cognitive interviews with the advisory groups and then completed online by people with ME. Content and face validity were assessed via deductive framework analysis of participants' feedback. Construct validity (in terms of relevance, duplication and comprehensibility) was assessed usin…

Survival Following Paralytic Rabies Encephalomyelitis in a Toddler: Challenges in Confirmation of Diagnosis.

Rabies encephalitis, caused by rabies virus, is an almost uniformly fatal neurotropic infection once clinical disease develops. Classical presentations of furious rabies, typically associated with a definitive history of dog bite and characteristic features such as hydrophobia and aerophobia, progress rapidly to death. In contrast, atypical presentations, particularly paralytic rabies, often lack classical clinical features posing significant diagnostic challenges. Diagnostic confirmation may be further complicated by recent post-exposure vaccination, confounding antibody assays, while molecul

The Spleen Negatively Regulates the Acute Phase of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis in Mice.

Multiple sclerosis (MS), a chronic inflammatory disease of the central nervous system (CNS), is characterized by neuroinflammation and neuro … + T cells. In this study, we investigated the contribution of the spleen to experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), the most commonly used animal model of MS, in splenectomized (SPX) mice. SPX mice exhibited more severe EAE symptoms and larger demyelinated areas than sham-operated controls. SPX mice showed enhanced T-helper type 1 (Th1) differentiation at …

Progressive encephalomyelitis with rigidity and myoclonus after thymectomy in a woman with myasthenia gravis.

Progressive encephalomyelitis with rigidity and myoclonus (PERM), part of the spectrum of stiff-person syndrome (SPS), is a rare neurological disorder characterized by axial and limb rigidity, painful muscle spasms, hyperekplexia, brainstem signs, and autonomic dysfunction. Here, we present the case of a 44-year-old woman with a history of myasthenia gravis (MG) who had previously undergone a thymectomy. She presented with a 20-day history of startle-induced episodes of generalized rigidity and painful spasms affecting her face, trunk, and limbs. Her symptoms began gradually, initially with nu…

HERV Dys Regulation в деле Myalgic Encephalomyelitis и Multic Sclerosis Responsive to Rituximab.

В этой статье резюмируется случай, когда 30-летний мужчина диагностировал синдром мальгического энцефаломелита/хронического утомительного синдрома (ME/CFS) и его продольный слежение, в результате чего через восемь лет был диагностирован множественный склероз (MS). Наиболее ощутимым результатом стала его реакция на ритуксимаб после систематического отказа в предварительном лечении. Хотя выражение эндогенных ретровирусных белков ассоциируется с автоиммунитетом, пациент не продемонстрировал более широкое выражение токсичного белка HERV (человеческий ретровирус)-W ENV, который является целью текущ

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
This article summarizes the case of 30-year-old male diagnosed with Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS) and its longitudinal follow-up, which provided a secondary diagnosis of Multiple Sclerosis (MS) eight years later. The most impactful result was his response to rituximab treatment after the systematic failure of prior treatments. A…

NEK2 регулирует функцию клеток B и остроту экспериментального аутоиммунного энцефаломиелита.

Никогда в гене митоза А (NIMA) 2 (NEK2) член семьи сереново-триониновая киназа принимает активное участие в регулировании клеточного цикла. Регулирование NEK2 связано с аномальным распространением клеток B, которое потенциально вызвано NEK2-mediated нарушение равновесия PKM1/PKM2. Чрезмерное выражение NEK2 в линии клеток B может облегчить процесс созревания клеток B. Тем не менее, точная роль НКЭК2 в модуляции иммунитета от аутоиммунных расстройств с помощью клеток В еще не полностью разъяснена. В этом исследовании мы продемонстрировали, что НКЭК2 была значительно усилена в отношении пациентов

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Never in mitosis gene A (NIMA)-related kinase 2 (NEK2), a member of the serine-threonine kinase family, is critically involved in the regula … cells (SWM). Administration of the NEK2 inhibitor INH1 in a murine model of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) led to notable improvements in neurological function, amelioration of demyelination, and a decrease in the infiltration of inflammatory cells in the central nervous system (CNS) compared to vehicle-treated EAE mice. Mass cytometry analysis rev …

Multimodal evoked potentials are useful for the diagnosis of pediatric acute disseminated encephalomyelitis.

BACKGROUND: The application of evoked potentials (EPs) to the diagnosis of acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM ) has not been investigated in detail. The aim of this study, therefore, was to analyze the value of multimodal EPs in the early diagnosis of pediatric ADEM. METHODS: This was a retrospective study in which we enrolled pediatric ADEM patients and controls (Cs) from neurology units between 2017 and 2021. We measured indices in patients using brainstem auditory evoked potentials (BAEPs), visual evoked potentials (VEPs) and somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs), and then we anal…

Progressive encephalomyelitis with rigidity and myoclonus: a pediatric case report and literature review.

BACKGROUND: Progressive encephalomyelitis with rigidity and myoclonus (PERM) is a rare and life-threatening autoimmune disease of the central nervous system. So far, only ten cases of PERM have been reported in children worldwide, including the one in this study. CASE PRESENTATION: We report a case of an 11-year-old boy with PERM with an initial presentation of abdominal pain, skin itching, dysuria, urinary retention, truncal and limb rigidity, spasms of the trunk and limbs during sleep, deep and peripheral sensory disturbances, and dysphagia. A tissue-based assay using peripheral blood was p…

Early changes in intestinal lymphoid and myeloid populations in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis.

Intestinal immunity is associated with several autoimmune diseases, such as systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, and type 1 diabetes. Recent evidence also suggests its implication in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases affecting the central nervous system, such as multiple sclerosis (MS). However, there is ongoing debate regarding which part of the intestinal tract contributes to the development of MS. Therefore, our study aimed to explore the early changes in lymphoid and myeloid immune cells populations in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), an animal model of…

Encephalomyelitis and serositis caused by Chlamydia pecorum in buffalo calves from Brazil.

Chlamydia pecorum causes subclinical infections in cattle, but sporadic, bovine encephalomyelitis cases have been reported in calves and documented in two instances in European buffalo. An outbreak of Chlamydia pecorum-induced encephalomyelitis and serositis occurred in 3-month-old buffalo calves from Brazil. Initially presenting with pelvic limb incoordination, the calves progressed to lateral recumbency, depression, and death. Necropsies of two calves revealed encephalomyelomalacia, fibrin deposition on the external surface of the pericardium (case 1) and pleural and pericardial fibrosis (ca…

Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis Presenting as Bilateral Ptosis in a Sri Lankan Child.

INTRODUCTION: Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis is a rare inflammatory demyelinating disease characterized by acute onset polyfocal neurological deficits associated with encephalopathy. It commonly presents with fever, meningism, seizures, ataxia, motor deficits, and bladder dysfunction. Although cranial neuropathies, including optic neuritis and facial nerve palsies, have previously been reported, children presenting with bilateral ptosis is extremely rare. Here, we report a 3-year-old child with acute disseminated encephalomyelitis presenting with acute onset bilateral ptosis due to invol…

Orofacial Dyskinesia and Intractable Hiccups in a Patient with Varicella-zoster Virus Encephalomyelitis.

A 73-year-old Japanese man with diabetic complications presented with involuntary lip movements and long-lasting hiccups after developing zoster rash. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed lesions involving the medial temporal lobe and C1 level of the spinal cord. Varicella-zoster virus (VZV) encephalomyelitis was diagnosed. We considered attributing the orofacial dyskinesia, a very rare symptom of VZV central nervous system (CNS) complications, to the temporal lobe lesion. Although the culprit lesion for the hiccups was unclear, further examinations may have clarified this issue. As immunocompr…

A Model for Epilepsy of Infectious Etiology using Theiler's Murine Encephalomyelitis Virus.

One of the main causes of epilepsy is an infection of the central nervous system (CNS); approximately 8% of patients who survive such an infection develop epilepsy as a consequence, with rates being significantly higher in less economically developed countries. This work provides an overview of modeling epilepsy of infectious etiology and using it as a platform for novel antiseizure compound testing. A protocol of epilepsy induction by non-stereotactic intracerebral injection of Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus (TMEV) in C57BL/6 mice is presented, which replicates many of the early and…

Rare and Atypical Presentations of Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis in Children: A Case Series.

Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) is a monophasic demyelinating disorder of central nervous system occurring in children with a wide range of clinical manifestations after infection or vaccination. There are few case reports in literature, describing atypical presentations of ADEM with fever of unknown origin, autonomic dysfunction, complex movement disorders such as myoclonus, dystonia and chorea, acute psychosis and myocarditis. Here, we report four cases of ADEM with atypical features like uniocular blindness, myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibodies negative multiphasic dis…

Epstein-Barr Virus and the Origin of Myalgic Encephalomyelitis or Chronic Fatigue Syndrome.

Myalgic encephalomyelitis or chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) affects approximately 1% of the general population. It is a chronic, disabling, multi-system disease for which there is no effective treatment. This is probably related to the limited knowledge about its origin. Here, we summarized the current knowledge about the pathogenesis of ME/CFS and revisit the immunopathobiology of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection. Given the similarities between EBV-associated autoimmune diseases and cancer in terms of poor T cell surveillance of cells with EBV latency, expanded EBV-infected cells in peri…

Crotalphine Attenuates Pain and Neuroinflammation Induced by Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis in Mice.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a demyelinating disease of inflammatory and autoimmune origin, which induces sensory and progressive motor impair … S, it was presently investigated whether CRO has a beneficial effect in the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). CRO was administered on the 5th day after immunization, in a single dose, or five doses starting at the peak of disease. CRO partially reverted EAE-induced mechanical hyperalgesia and decreased the severity of the clinical signs. In addition, …

Association of acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) and COVID-19 in a pediatric patient.

Cases of acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) and its hyperacute form, acute hemorrhagic leukoencephalitis (AHLE), have been reported in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients as rare, but most severe neurological complications. However, histopathologic evaluations of ADEM/AHLE pathology in COVID patients are extremely limited, so far having only been reported in a few adult autopsy cases. Here we compare the findings with an ADEM-like pathology in a pediatric patient taken through a biopsy procedure. Understanding the neuropathology may shed informative light on the autoimmune pr…