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The Temporal Dissociation of Vascular Leak and Myocardial Dysfunction in Dengue: Pathophysiology, Diagnostic Challenges, and Implications for Phase-Specific Management.

Dengue virus infection is a leading cause of arboviral disease worldwide, with severe cases characterized by plasma leakage and hypovolemic … ment evolves across distinct phases, beginning with direct viral myocardial effects and endothelial glycocalyx disruption during the febrile phase, followed by immune-mediated injury, vascular leak, and myocardial dysfunction. While vascular permeability typically resolves within 48-72 hours of defervescence, myocardial dysfunction may persist for up to 2 we …

Coronary Microvascular Dysfunction in Ischemia With Nonobstructive Coronary Arteries and Associations With Sublingual Microvascular Abnormalities.

BACKGROUND: Coronary microvascular dysfunction (CMD) is a mechanism of ischemia with nonobstructive coronary arteries (INOCA) diagnosed by i … crocirculatory resistance ≥25. Sublingual SDF microscopy was performed to determine the endothelial glycocalyx perfused boundary region (PBR), RBC filling percentage (%RBC), and perfused microvascular density (PMVD). RESULTS: A total of 135 participants with INOCA (mean age 59.3 ± 12.1 years, 80% female) underwent CFT and sublingual SDF microscopy. CMD was …

High Salt Intake and Atherosclerosis Progression-Not Only via Blood Pressure: A Narrative Review.

Excessive dietary salt intake remains a critical and underestimated global health concern, strongly associated with increased cardiovascular disease risk. While the relationship between salt and arterial hypertension is well established, accumulating evidence highlights additional, blood pressure-independent mechanisms linking high salt intake with the progression of atherosclerosis. Beyond its hypertensive effects, high dietary salt directly damages the vascular endothelium by disrupting the glycocalyx, reducing nitric oxide synthesis, and increasing endothelial stiffness and inflammation. Ex…

Полисиозная кислота сдерживает воспалительное созревание моноцитов.

Сиалистические кислоты широко распределены моносакаридами в центральной нервной системе (СНС), где они в основном встречаются в качестве конечной сиалевой кислоты, а также в ди-, олиго- и полисиалистических формах на гликокаликсе, что в совокупности способствует развитию, устойчивости и долгосрочной целостности СНК. Было продемонстрировано, что для модуляции иммунной реакции иммуноглобулиновых рецепторов (Siglec) с помощью α2,8-связанных полисиаловых кислот, используется сиалистическая кислота, связывающая иммунную реакцию. В этом исследовании мюрин и моноциты человека подвергались воздействию

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Sialic acids are widely distributed monosaccharides in the central nervous system (CNS), where they are predominantly found as terminal sialic acid residues, as well as in di-, oligo-, and polysialic forms on the glycocalyx, collectively contributing to the development, resilience, and long-term integrity of the CNS. Harnessing sialic acid-binding immunoglob…

Effects of Beraprost on Intestinal Microcirculation and Barrier Function in a Mouse Model of Renal Failure.

OBJECTIVE: Endothelial dysfunction plays an important role in the pathogenesis of chronic kidney disease. Prostacyclin (PGI2), an endothelia … l barrier, and renal functions. RESULTS: We visualized intestinal microcirculation and endothelial glycocalyx in the intestinal blood vessels. Beraprost administration induced a 1.2-fold dilatation of the vascular diameter of the small intestine. Intestinal blood flow in ICGN mice was significantly reduced compared that in ICR mice but improved with berapro …

Selective therapeutic efficacy of tyrosine kinase inhibitor sorafenib on the restoration of methylglyoxal-induced peritoneal fibrosis.

Peritoneal fibrosis, a common complication observed in long-term peritoneal dialysis patients, can gradually lead to ultrafiltration failure … cular endothelial growth factor A production, myofibroblast infiltration, and decreased endothelial glycocalyx resulting from dialysate and methylglyoxal stimulations were also alleviated with sorafenib. However, therapeutic efficacy in ameliorating loss of mesothelial cells, restoring decreased ultrafiltration volume, and improving elevated small solutes tr …

Type 2 Immunity and Its Impact on COVID-19 Infection in the Airways.

Type 2 immune responses are characterized by elevated type 2 cytokines and blood eosinophilia. Emerging evidence suggests that people with c … pe reducing total ciliated cells and, thus, reducing viral tropism. IL-13 enhances Muc5ac mucin and glycocalyx secretion in the periciliary layer, which acts as a physical barrier to restrict virus attachment. Moreover, type 2 airway immune cells, such as M2 alveolar macrophages, CD4+ tissue-resident memory T cells, and innate lymphoid 2 cells, may also resc …

The effect of prostacyclin infusion on markers of endothelial activation and damage in mechanically ventilated patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection.

BACKGROUND: In a pilot study, we found a significant reduction in mean daily sequential organ failure assessment score in mechanically venti … SIONS: Prostacyclin infusion, compared to placebo, resulted in a measurable decrease in endothelial glycocalyx shedding (syndecan-1) at 24 h, suggesting a protective effect on the endothelium, which may be related to the observed reduction in organ failure.

Inflammatory Mediators of Platelet Activation: Focus on Atherosclerosis and COVID-19.

BACKGROUND: Atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases are characterized by a dysregulated inflammatory and thrombotic state, leading to devastating complications with increased morbidity and mortality rates. SUMMARY: In this review article, we present the available evidence regarding the impact of inflammation on platelet activation in atherosclerosis. Key messages: In the context of a dysfunctional vascular endothelium, structural alterations by means of endothelial glycocalyx thinning or functional modifications through impaired NO bioavailability and increased levels of von Willebrand factor…

Comparative Effects of Blood and Crystalloid Cardioplegia on Cellular Injury and Oxidative Stress in Cardiovascular Surgery.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of different cardioplegic solutions on endothelial integrity and oxidative str … that in the other group (p <0.05) at T2. CONCLUSION: Cardioplegia type creates similar effects on glycocalyx integrity. However, myocardial protection could be provided with warm blood cardioplegia.

Acute traumatic coagulopathy: pathophysiology and resuscitation.

Acute Traumatic Coagulopathy occurs immediately after massive trauma when shock, hypoperfusion, and vascular damage are present. Mechanisms for this acute coagulopathy include activation of protein C, endothelial glycocalyx disruption, depletion of fibrinogen, and platelet dysfunction. Hypothermia and acidaemia amplify the endogenous coagulopathy and often accompany trauma. These multifactorial processes lead to decreased clot strength, autoheparinization, and hyperfibrinolysis. Furthermore, the effects of aggressive crystalloid administration, haemodilution from inappropriate blood product tr…

Conformational switch of NPC1 epitomizes a lumen-to-membrane alternating access model for nonpolar substrates.

Niemann-Pick disease type C (NPC) arises from failure of the NPC1 and/or NPC2 proteins to mobilize lysosomal cholesterol, yet the mechanism … enings of NPC1 switch states in a coordinated manner to transfer cholesterol across the hydrophilic glycocalyx, reminiscent of the alternating access mechanism of membrane transporters. This framework synthesizes NPC1 conformational states into a mechanistic basis that may be used to map pathogenic NPC variants to their relevant transport steps.

Barrier breakdown: lung-brain crosstalk in systemic inflammation.

The lung and brain engage in a dynamic, bidirectional communication that influences immune homeostasis both locally and systemically, shapin … examine the contributions of circulating mediators such as degradation products of the endothelial glycocalyx (eGC), endothelial proteins, inflammatory cytokines, and others originating from the lung and impacting the central nervous system (CNS). We highlight emerging insights into how lung-triggered systemic inflammation causes neurological sequelae, incl …

Double-edged sword: flavivirus NS1 enhances human plasmin-mediated fibrinolysis while being targeted for cleavage and inactivation.

Dengue virus (DENV) is the most prevalent arbovirus in the world, being transmitted to humans through the bite of infected Aedes mosquitoes. … also demonstrated that NS1 is cleaved by plasmin, which, in turn, blocks its effect on endothelial glycocalyx layer disruption and endothelial hyperpermeability. Using euglobulin clot lysis assays, we showed that DENV NS1 enhances fibrin clot lysis and that this effect is conserved for other flaviviruses, including Zika and West Nile viruses. Altogether, we …

Influence of Microplastics on Manifestations of Experimental Chronic Colitis.

Environmental pollution with microplastics (MPs) can have a negative impact on human health. Certain findings point to the relationship betw … inflammatory process prevalence, changes in the gene's expression encoding tight junction proteins, glycocalyx components proapoptotic factor Bax and proliferation marker Mki67 in the colon, and TNFα, IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-10 cytokines content in the serum. In healthy mice, MP did not cause pathological changes in the colon; however, indirect data indicate an i …

Hemodynamic homeostasis disequilibrium in critical illness.

Over millions of years, the circulatory system evolved from primitive forms into a highly specialized network capable of overcoming time-dis … elements essential for oxygenation and cell energetics, including the microcirculation, endothelial glycocalyx, and mitochondria, impairing the oxygenation process, ultimately triggering critical illness. Although intervention targeting systemic hemodynamic variables (e.g., pressure, flow) may temporarily improve regional perfusion, restoring full homeostasi …

Riding a Vascular Time Train to Spatiotemporally Attenuate Thrombosis and Restenosis by Double Presentation of Therapeutic Gas and Biomacromolecules.

Endothelial injury is a common occurrence following stent implantation, often leading to complications such as restenosis and thrombosis. To address this issue, we have developed a multi-functional stent coating that combines a dopamine-copper (DA-Cu) base with therapeutic biomolecule modification, including nitric oxide (NO) precursor L-arginine, endothelial glycocalyx heparin, and endothelial cell (EC) catcher vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). In our stent coating, the incorporated Cu acts as a sustainable catalyst for converting endogenous NO donors into NO, and the immobilized arg…

Deciphering the Fasciola hepatica Glycocode and Its Involvement in Host-Parasite Interactions.

The zoonotic disease fasciolosis poses a significant global threat to both humans and livestock. The causative agent of fasciolosis is Fasciola hepatica, which is commonly referred to as liver fluke. The emergence of drug resistance has underscored the urgent need for new therapeutic treatments against F. hepatica. The tegument surface of F. hepatica is characterized by a dynamic syncytial layer surrounded by a glycocalyx, which serves as a crucial interface in host-parasite interactions, facilitating functions such as nutrient absorption, sensory input, and defense against the host immune res…

[Extracorporeal procedures in sepsis].

Sepsis and septic shock are frequent and severe clinical pictures in intensive care medicine that result from a dysregulated immune response … l studies. Although CPFA shows no survival benefit, TPE may have protective effects on the vascular glycocalyx. Extracorporeal procedures carry risks such as thrombosis and loss of proteins and clotting factors. The therapeutic benefit of these procedures in the treatment of sepsis remains unclear and further prospective randomized multicenter studies are ne …

Atherosclerosis, Cardiovascular Disorders and COVID-19: Comorbid Pathogenesis.

The article describes how atherosclerosis and coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) may affect each other. The features of this comorbid pathoge … ized forms of low-density lipoproteins (LDL), launch of a cytokine storm, damage to the endothelial glycocalyx, and mitochondrial injury. The transformation of a stable plaque into an unstable one plays an important role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis complications and can be triggered by COVID-19. The impact of SARS-CoV-2 on large vessels such as th …