Результаты поиска

Herpes Simplex Virus Encephalitis With Cerebellar Infarction and Cortical Laminar Necrosis.

Herpes simplex virus (HSV) encephalitis typically involves the temporal lobes, and cerebellar involvement with stroke and cortical laminar necrosis (CLN) is rare. A 40-year-old man with no prior comorbidities presented with 10 days of positional vertigo, vomiting and intermittent fever. Initial otorhinolaryngology assessment showed bilateral nystagmus and a positive fistula test, and he was treated as having a peripheral vestibular disorder. He re-presented with persistent vertigo and new confusion; on admission, he was febrile, hypertensive and ataxic, and within 24 hours, he developed worsen…

Host Immune Response Mechanisms Against Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2 Infection.

Herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) is the primary pathogen responsible for genital herpes. Predominantly transmitted via sexual contact, HSV-2 not only poses significant physical and psychological burdens on infected individuals but also substantially elevates the risk of HIV acquisition and represents a potentially fatal threat to newborns. Following primary infection, HSV-2 establishes lifelong latent infection within the sacral ganglia. Currently, there are no vaccines or therapeutics capable of eradicating this latent virus reservoir or effectively preventing initial infection. The core i…

Tear metabolomics reveals novel potential biomarkers in epithelial herpes simplex keratitis.

BACKGROUND: Herpes simplex keratitis (HSK) is a recurrent inflammatory disease of cornea primarily initiated by type I herpes simplex virus infection of corneal epithelium. However, early diagnosis of HSK remains challenging due to the lack of specific biomarkers. This study aims to identify biomarkers for HSK through tear metabolomics analysis between HSK and healthy individuals. METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional study enrolling 33 participants. Tear samples were collected from one eye of 18 HSK patients and 15 healthy volunteers using Schirmer-strips. Tear metabolomic profiling was pe…

Herpes Simplex Keratitis and Vitamin D Receptor Agonist: Two Case Reports.

BACKGROUND: Herpes simplex keratitis (HSK) is a disease characterized by the recurrent infection of the cornea, mainly due to infection caused by herpes simplex virus type 1. The suppression of recurrence can suppress progressive corneal scarring, ulcers, and perforation. Cornea contains vitamin D receptors (VDRs). VDR agonists show antimicrobial activity. CASE PRESENTATION: In this case report, I describe two female patients aged 76 and 85 years old in whom the administration of a VDR agonist led to the suppression of the recurrence of HSK. The former patient had repeated HSK recurrence for …

Herpes simplex virus type 1 impairs mucosal-associated invariant T cells.

UNLABELLED: Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) is a highly successful pathogen that infects mucosal sites and adopts an arsenal of strategies to manipulate host immunity. Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are abundant innate-like T lymphocytes that recognize bacterial and fungal-derived vitamin B-related metabolites presented by major histocompatibility complex class I-related protein 1 (MR1). MAIT cells can also be activated in an MR1-independent manner via cytokine stimulation, predominantly by IL-12 and IL-18. MAIT cell alterations have been identified as being associated with a …

Oncovirus classification and insights into herpes simplex virus, Varicella-Zoster virus.

Even though the paper entitled: The role of oncolytic virotherapy and viral oncogenes in the cancer stem cells: a review of virus in cancer stem cells" provides informative details regarding viral contribution in cancer biology, its classification of Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) and Varicella-Zoster Virus (VZV) as oncoviruses is inaccurate.Current evidence demonstrates that while HSV and VZV may reactivate in immunocompromised cancer patients, there is no causative relationship between these two viruses and oncogenesis. It is necessary to make a distinction between cancer-inducing viruses and re…

Serum NfL predicts outcome and secondary autoimmunity in herpes-simplex encephalitis.

OBJECTIVES: Herpes simplex virus 1 encephalitis (HSE) is the most common infectious encephalitis in developed countries. We aimed to evaluate the association of serum neurofilament light chain (sNfL) with disease severity, outcome and secondary anti-neuronal autoantibodies in a retrospective cohort study. METHODS: We retrospectively identified 30 patients with HSE and 132 controls (bacterial meningoencephalitis BM n = 27, non-bacterial meningitis NBM n = 33, healthy controls = 72). sNfL concentration was tested in all available samples (N = 231) using single molecule array (SiMoA) technology.…

Anti-herpes simplex virus activities and mechanisms of marine derived compounds.

Herpes simplex virus (HSV) is the most widely prevalent herpes virus worldwide, and the herpetic encephalitis and genital herpes caused by HSV infection have caused serious harm to human health all over the world. Although many anti-HSV drugs such as nucleoside analogues have been ap-proved for clinical use during the past few decades, important issues, such as drug resistance, toxicity, and high cost of drugs, remain unresolved. Recently, the studies on the anti-HSV activities of marine natural products, such as marine polysaccharides, marine peptides and microbial secondary metabolites are a…

Herpes Simplex Virus-1 Complicated by Postherpetic Neuralgia: A Case Report.

BACKGROUND: The following case describes management of severe persistent vulvar pain from postherpetic neuralgia through a ganglion impar block. CASE REPORT: A 21-year-old female patient initially presented with genital lesions consistent with herpes simplex virus-1 (HSV-1) and antibody testing suggestive of primary HSV-1 infection. After her genital lesions resolved, she continued to have severe persistent vulvar pain and was diagnosed with postherpetic neuralgia, approximately one year after initial presentation. After unsuccessful medical management with her gynecologist and primary care p…

Herpes simplex encephalitis in France: incidence, 6-month rehospitalizations and mortality.

BACKGROUND: Herpes simplex encephalitis (HSE) is a disease with unfavorable vital and functional prognoses. There are no recent epidemiological data on HSE at a national level using real-life databases, especially in France. This study aimed to report the incidence, the clinical characteristics and outcomes of the patients with HSE. METHODS: We conducted a comprehensive retrospective cohort study on all patients hospitalized for HSE in France between 2015 and 2022 using national hospital discharge databases. Incidence, socio-demographic and clinical characteristics (including comorbidities, s…

Metabolic signatures of tear extracellular vesicles caused by herpes simplex keratitis.

PURPOSE: Herpes simplex keratitis (HSK), caused by type 1 herpes simplex virus (HSV) reactivation, is a severe infectious disease that leads to vision loss. HSV can trigger metabolic reprogramming in the host cell and change the extracellular vesicles (EV) cargos; however, little is known about the EV metabolic signatures during ocular HSV infection. Here, we aimed to depict the EV-associated metabolic landscape in HSK patients' tears. METHODS: We collected 82 samples from 41 participants with unilateral HSK (contralateral unaffected tears were set as negative control), including subtype coho…

Neurologic complications in herpes simplex encephalitis: clinical, immunological and genetic studies.

Patients with herpes simplex virus (HSV) encephalitis (HSE) often develop neuronal autoantibody-associated encephalitis (AE) post-infection. Risk factors of AE are unknown. We tested the hypotheses that predisposition for AE post-HSE may be involved, including genetic variants at specific loci, human leucocyte (HLA) haplotypes, or the blood innate immune response against HSV, including type I interferon (IFN) immunity. Patients of all ages with HSE diagnosed between 1 January 2014 and 31 December 2021 were included in one of two cohorts depending on whether the recruitment was at HSE onset (Sp…

Current landscape in antiviral drug development against herpes simplex virus infections.

Herpes simplex viruses (HSV) are common human pathogens with a combined global seroprevalence of 90% in the adult population. HSV-1 causes orofacial herpes but can cause severe diseases, such as the potentially fatal herpes encephalitis and herpes keratitis, a prevalent cause of infectious blindness. The hallmark of HSV is lifelong latent infections and viral reactivations, leading to recurrent lesions or asymptomatic shedding. HSV-1 and HSV-2 can cause recurrent, painful, and socially limiting genital lesions, which predispose to human immunodeficiency virus infections, and can lead to neonat…

Antiviral activity of two Acanthospermum species against herpes simplex virus 1.

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Acanthospermum species are used in traditional medicine for treating various pathologies, including bacterial and viral infections. In a screening study, we identified the activity of the ethanolic extracts of Acanthospermum australe and Acanthospermum hispidum against herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1). AIM OF THE STUDY: In this work, we analyzed the phytochemical profile and antiviral activity of the chemical fractionation products of Acanthospermum australe and Acanthospermum hispidum. Additionally, we identified the effect of these fractions on different steps …

Tofacitinib Treatment in Primary Herpes Simplex Encephalitis Interferes With Antiviral Response.

Tofacitinib, a Janus kinase inhibitor, is a novel immunosuppressive drug for treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) may cause encephalitis during primary infection or following reactivation from a latent state. Long-term tofacitinib treatment may increase the risk of this life-threatening condition. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of tofacitinib on HSV-1 primary infection using a mouse model. Mice pretreated with tofacitinib were intranasally infected with a clinical strain of HSV-1 and monitored for infection severity and antiviral response.…

Герпес Simperx Virus-2 изменяет нейрохирургию во время неонатальной инфекции.

Заражение неонатального мозга вирусом герпеса (HSV) вызывает острый энцефалит и постоянный неврологический дефицит. Однако младенцы, инфицированные ВСВ во время рождения, проходят различные клинические курсы, при этом примерно половина младенцев страдают только внешней инфекцией кожи, а не инвазивной неврологической болезнью. Понимание причин этих расхождений в результатах имеет важное значение для разработки стратегий нейрозащиты. Для непосредственной оценки влияния вирусной вариации на нейровинулентность, независимо от факторов, влияющих на организм человека, мы провели оценку клинических HS

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection of the neonatal brain causes severe encephalitis and permanent neurologic deficits. However, infants infected with HSV at the time of birth follow varied clinical courses, with approximately half of infants experiencing only external infection of the skin rather than invasive neurologic disease. Understanding the cause of…

Erythema Multiforme Attributable to Herpes Simplex Virus: Clinical Aspects and Treatment.

Erythema multiforme is an acute mucocutaneous hypersensitivity reaction with various etiological factors, including herpes simplex virus, medications, autoimmune diseases, and malignancies, but the most common cause is infection by herpes simplex virus. The most characteristic feature is the presence of "target lesions." There are no specific diagnostic tests for EM, and the diagnosis is based on clinical signs and symptoms and biopsy if required. We report a case of recurrent herpes-associated erythema multiforme managed with prophylactic acyclovir for 6 months: a 17-year-old boy had recurren…