Результаты поиска

[The role of monocytes in the immunopathogenesis of multiple sclerosis].

OBJECTIVE: To systematize data on the role of monocytes in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS) and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). MATERIAL AND METHODS: Forty-six scientific publications (1990-2024) on the role of monocytes in the pathogenesis of EAE and MS were analyzed. RESULTS: Monocytes have been found to play an essential role in both the occurrence and persistence of autoimmune neuroinflammation. They penetrate the central nervous system (CNS) through the blood-brain barrier, produce pro-inflammatory cytokines, differentiate into macrophages/dendritic cells, an…

Предсказатели способности работать в множестве склерозов.

Множественный склероз (MS) — хроническое расстройство, которое, как правило, свидетельствует об аккумулировании инвалидности и влияет на трудоспособность. Острота заболевания, как правило, определяется врачами, имеющими расширенную шкалу учета инвалидности (EDSS) в клинике, однако имеются также опросные листы, о которых сообщают пациенты, такие, как шкала множественных последствий склероза (MSIS-29) или шкала утомления моторных и когнитивных функций (FSMC). Цель этой работы заключалась в изучении количественной связи между степенью серьезности заболеваний и числом дней с выплатой пособий по бо

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic disorder that typically shows accumulation of disability, affecting the ability to work. The disease severity is usually graded by physicians with the expanded disability status scale (EDSS) in the clinic, but patient-reported outcome questionnaires are also available, like the Multiple Sclerosis Impact Scale (MSIS-29) or…

Антимускуриника в множестве склерозов: систематический обзор.

Множественный склероз (MS) — иммуномедицинское заболевание, воздействующее на центральную нервную систему, приводящее к широкому спектру симптомов. Одной из распространенных симптомов у пациентов с MS являются симптомы более низкого мочевого тракта (LUTS), а антимускуринические препараты (AM) предлагаются в качестве первой линии лечения в связанных с MS LUTS. В рамках этого систематического обзора проводится оценка любого воздействия ДА на пациентов с НР. Это исследование было проведено в соответствии с положениями заявления PRISMA и методами JBI. Был проведен всеобъемлющий поиск в четырех кру

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an immune-mediated disease, impacting the central nervous system, resulting in a wide range of symptoms. Lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) are one of the common symptoms in MS patients and antimuscarinic drugs (AMs) are suggested as the first-line treatment in MS-related LUTS. This systematic review evaluates any impacts of AMs o…

[Epidemiology of multiple sclerosis in the city of Novosibirsk].

OBJECTIVE: To study the dynamics of the epidemiological characteristics of multiple sclerosis (MS) from 01.01.2003 to 01.01.2024 in Novosibirsk in comparison with the previous 20-year study. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The prevalence cohort included 2254 patients with MS living in Novosibirsk on 01.01.2024. The cohort of cases included 1998 patients with the onset of the disease from 01.01.2003 to 31.12.2023 inclusive. In order to level out the influence of heterogeneous sex and age composition of the population of Novosibirsk, the method of standardization of indicators was used in the study (stan…

Множественный склероз: достижения и проблемы в диагностике.

ЦЕЛЬ РАССМОТРЕНИЯ: В этой статье рассматриваются самые последние изменения в области множественных склерозов (MS), включая ряд достижений в области диагностических нейронизационных маркеров. Включены также предлагаемые пересмотренные диагностические критерии, новые концепции продромаального периода и дифференциальное диагностирование MS. ПОСЛЕДНИЕ ВЫВОДЫ: Были внесены интересные изменения в недавно предложенный пересмотр критериев диагностики MS 2024 года. Оптический нерв предлагается в качестве 5-ой топографии CNS, включены дополнительные усовершенствованные МРТ-маркеры, а также конкретные сл

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: This article explores the most recent developments in multiple sclerosis (MS), including a selection of advances in diagnostic neuroimaging markers. The proposed revision of diagnostic criteria, new concepts on the prodromal period, and differential diagnosis of MS are included as well. RECENT FINDINGS: Interesting changes have been intro…

Oligodendrocyte и Myelin патофизиология в мультиклерозе.

Множественный склероз (MS) — хроническое аутоиммунное и прогрессивное нейродегенеративное заболевание центральной нервной системы (CNS), имеющее весьма изменчивое клиническое проявление и курс. MS преследует главным образом миелина и олигодендроглию; однако все глиальные клетки и нейроны начинают участвовать в патологии. Таким образом, воспаление, которое широко считается инициированным в периферии, расширяется через CNS, причем астроциты и микроглиа попадают в активированное состояние не только вокруг и внутри повреждений, но и широко распространены. В этой главе будут подчеркнуты патофизиоло

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune and progressive neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system (CNS) that has a highly variable clinical manifestation and course. MS targets primarily myelin and oligodendroglia; however, all glial cells and neurons become involved early in the pathology. Thus, inflammation, which is widely thought to…

The Role of Cobalamin in Multiple Sclerosis: An Update.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a neurodegenerative condition that results in axonal and permanent damage to the central nervous system, necessitating healing owing to autoimmune reactions and persistent neuroinflammation. Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory drugs are essential for the management of oxidative stress and neuroinflammation. Additionally, multivitamin supplementation, particularly vitamin B12 (cobalamin), may be beneficial for neuronal protection. Although there is no documented connection between vitamin B12 deficiency and MS, researchers have explored its potential as a metabolic caus…

Headache in Multiple Sclerosis: A Narrative Review.

Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory demyelinating disorder of the central nervous system characterized by autoimmune-mediated damage to oligodendrocytes and subsequent myelin destruction. Clinical implications: Clinically, the disease presents with many symptoms, often evolving over time. The insidious onset of MS often manifests with non-specific symptoms (prodromal phase), which may precede a clinical diagnosis by several years. Among them, headache is a prominent early indicator, affecting a significant number of MS patients (50-60%). Results: Headache manifests as…

Ofatumumab for multiple sclerosis with disability accumulation.

BACKGROUND: The ASCLEPIOS/APLIOS/APOLITOS/ALITHIOS trials highlighted the benefits of ofatumumab in reducing relapse rates and disability progression in multiple sclerosis (MS). However, its effects on patients with severe disability status remains uncertain. This study aimed to clarify the outcomes of ofatumumab in MS patients with high Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) scores and prolonged disease durations. METHODS: This is a retrospective cohort study of MS patients treated with ofatumumab at an MS center in Japan. At 12 months of treatment, patients with MS starting ofatumumab were…

Polygenicity of Comorbid Depression in Multiple Sclerosis.

Background and objectivesDepression is common in multiple sclerosis (MS) and is associated with faster disability progression. The etiology of comorbid depression in MS remains poorly understood. Identification of individuals with a high risk of depression, through polygenic scores (PGS), may facilitate earlier identification. Previous genetic studies of depression considered depression as a primary disorder, not a comorbidity, and thus, findings may not generalize to MS. Body mass index (BMI) is a risk factor of both MS and depression, and its association may highlight differences in depressi…

Anaesthetic management of people with multiple sclerosis.

There is a lack of published guidelines on the management of patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) undergoing procedures that require anaesthesia and respective advice is largely based on retrospective studies or case reports. The aim of this paper is to provide recommendations for anaesthetists and neurologists for the management of patients with MS requiring anaesthesia. This review covers issues related to the anaesthetic management of patients with MS, with a focus on preoperative assessment, choice of anaesthetic techniques and agents, side-effects of drugs used during anaesthesia and the…

Gastrointestinal conditions in the multiple sclerosis prodrome.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate gastrointestinal (GI)-related physician visits and drug dispensations in the 5 years preceding a first recorded demyelinating event or multiple sclerosis (MS) onset. METHODS: Using linked administrative and clinical data from British Columbia (1996-2013), Canada, we identified an administrative cohort via a validated algorithm (n = 6863), a clinical cohort diagnosed at a MS clinic (n = 966), and matched controls (administrative cohort: n = 31,865; clinical cohort: n = 4534). In each cohort, the 5 years before a first demyelinating event or MS symptom onset (i.e., ind…

The Probable Infectious Origin of Multiple Sclerosis.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an immune inflammatory disease that causes demyelination of the white matter of the central nervous system. It is generally accepted that the etiology of MS is multifactorial and believed to be a complex interplay between genetic susceptibility, environmental factors, and infectious agents. While the exact cause of MS is still unknown, increasing evidence suggests that disease development is the result of interactions between genetically susceptible individuals and the environment that lead to immune dysregulation and CNS inflammation. Genetic factors are not suffici…

Immunopathology of the optic nerve in multiple sclerosis.

Optic neuritis, a primary clinical manifestation commonly observed in multiple sclerosis (MS), is a major factor leading to permanent loss of vision. Despite decreased vision (optic neuritis), diplopia, and nystagmus, the immunopathology of the optic nerve in MS is unclear. Here, we have characterized the optic nerve pathology in a large cohort of MS cases (n = 154), focusing on the immune responses in a sub-cohort of MS (n = 30) and control (n = 6) cases. Immunohistochemistry was used to characterize the myeloid (HLA-DR, CD68, Iba1, TMEM119, and P2RY12) and adaptive immune cells (CD4, CD8, an…

Rituximab for the treatment of multiple sclerosis: a review.

In the last decades, evidence suggesting the direct or indirect involvement of B cells on multiple sclerosis (MS) pathogenesis has accumulated. The increased amount of data on the efficacy and safety of B-cell-depleting therapies from several studies has suggested the addition of these drugs as treatment options to the current armamentarium of disease modifying therapies (DMTs) for MS. Particularly, rituximab (RTX), a chimeric monoclonal antibody directed at CD20 positive B lymphocytes resulting in cell-mediated apoptosis, has been demonstrated to reduce inflammatory activity, incidence of rel…

Disaster and Multiple Sclerosis: A Systematic Review.

BackgroundMultiple Sclerosis (MS) patients experience a variety of disease caused disabilities that makes them more vulnerable to the effects of disasters. This study aimed to review all existed studies about disasters and related disaster management planning about MS patients.MethodsThe PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, and Web of Science, ProQuest, science direct , and grey literature databases were searched up to the mid of 2021. All obtained titles were assessed by the inclusion criteria. Abstracts of the relevant titles were reviewed and eligible articles/documents were included for full te…

[Approaches to vaccine prevention in multiple sclerosis].

The article presents an overview of modern approaches to vaccine prevention in multiple sclerosis (MS). Compared with the general population, patients with MS have been shown to have an increased risk of morbidity, a tendency to have a more severe course, and a greater mortality from vaccine-preventable infections. At the same time, in Russia, until recently, traditionally adhered to a conservative tactic of limiting vaccination in patients with autoimmune diseases, including MS. The use of various disease-modifying therapies (DMT) may also affect the susceptibility to infections and the sever…

Social determinants of health in multiple sclerosis.

Social determinants of health are the conditions in which people are born, grow, live, work and age. These circumstances are the non-medical factors that influence health outcomes. Evidence indicates that health behaviours, comorbidities and disease-modifying therapies all contribute to multiple sclerosis (MS) outcomes; however, our knowledge of the effects of social determinants - that is, the 'risks of risks' - on health has not yet changed our approach to MS. Assessing and addressing social determinants of health could fundamentally improve health and health care in MS; this approach has al…

Current and Future Biomarkers in Multiple Sclerosis.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a debilitating autoimmune disorder. Currently, there is a lack of effective treatment for the progressive form of MS, partly due to insensitive readout for neurodegeneration. The recent development of sensitive assays for neurofilament light chain (NfL) has made it a potential new biomarker in predicting MS disease activity and progression, providing an additional readout in clinical trials. However, NfL is elevated in other neurodegenerative disorders besides MS, and, furthermore, it is also confounded by age, body mass index (BMI), and blood volume. Additionally, t…