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Scrub typhus hepatitis confirmed by immunohistochemical staining.

Scrub typhus is an acute febrile disease caused by Orientia tsutsugamushi (O. tsutsugamushi). We report herein the case of a woman who presented with fever and elevated serum levels of liver enzymes and who was definitively diagnosed with scrub typhus by histopathological examination of liver biopsy specimens, serological tests and nested polymerase chain reaction. Immunohistochemical staining using a monoclonal anti-O. tsutsugamushi antibody showed focally scattered positive immunoreactions in the cytoplasm of some hepatocytes. This case suggests that scrub typhus hepatitis causes mild focal …

Demonstration of the natural foci of tsutsugamushi disease in Nan Peng Lie Islands in China.

In recent years, the incidence of tsutsugamushi disease has increased in Nan Peng Lie Islands in China, and the disease has not been recorded in this region. The natural foci of tsutsugamushi disease were investigated in this paper. Isolation of Orientia tsutsugamushi and the study of preventive measures were also performed. The region was the island natural foci of south subtropical zone. The main host and vector were Rattus norvegicus and Leptotrombidium (L.) deliens respectively. The seasonal quantity trends of Rattus norvegicus and Leptotrombidium (L.) deliense were consistent with the inc…

Scrub typhus in the Western Pacific region.

Scrub typhus is widely endemic in Asia. Man's behaviour and climatic changes greatly influenced the occurrence of the disease. Increasing pr … roved serologic and molecular diagnostic tests are now available. Although drug-resistant strain of Orientia tsutsugamushi has been reported, the infection usually responds to simple but unpopular drugs such as doxycycline or chloramphenicol.

[Krattyphus].

BACKGROUND: A thirty-year old, previously healthy female was admitted to hospital due to fever and a generalised rash following travel to So … doxycycline was initiated. Following discharge, test results confirmed scrub typhus, with positive Orientia tsutsugamushi IgG antibodies in serum and positive O. tsutsugamushi DNA from eschar tissue. INTERPRETATION: Scrub typhus is a rare cause of rickettsiosis in returning travellers. Due to its often non-specific clinical presentation, misdiagnosis is …

Neglected and lethal: Case series of fatal scrub typhus in Malaysia.

Scrub typhus (ST), an often-underdiagnosed zoonotic infection, poses significant diagnostic and management challenges, particularly in regions with endemic tropical infections like Malaysia. We report three fatal cases of ST in central region West Malaysia, highlighting diagnostic pitfalls and implications for clinical management. Three fatal cases of ST presented with respiratory distress and multiorgan failure were reported in this study. Laboratory investigations confirmed by positive Orientia tsutsugamushi (OT) PCR results. All three cases exhibited low PCR cycle threshold (Ct) values, sug…

Omadacycline in the treatment of scrub typhus: Three case reports.

BACKGROUND: Scrub typhus is a naturally occurring acute infectious disease that is primarily transmitted through the bites of chiggers or larval mites infected by Orientia tsutsugamushi (O. tsutsugamushi). Omadacycline, a novel tetracycline, exhibits potent antibacterial efficacy against both typical bacteria and atypical pathogens. However, omadacycline application in the treatment of scrub typhus remains limited. CASE SUMMARY: In the present work, we report several cases of scrub typhus, with the main clinical symptoms being fever, the formation of eschars or ulcers, local or systemic lymph…

Association of Dengue Virus and Leptospira Co-Infections with Malaria Severity.

Plasmodium infections are co-endemic with infections caused by other agents of acute febrile illnesses, such as dengue virus (DENV), chikungunya virus, Leptospira spp., and Orientia tsutsugamushi. However, co-infections may influence disease severity, treatment outcomes, and development of drug resistance. When we analyzed cases of acute febrile illness at the All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India, from July 2017 through September 2018, we found that most patients with malaria harbored co-infections (Plasmodium mixed species and other pathogens). DENV was the most common ma…

Detection of rickettsioses and Q fever in Sri Lanka.

Current serological evidence suggests the presence of scrub typhus and spotted fever group (SFG) rickettsiosis in Sri Lanka. Our objective was to identify rickettsial agents/Q fever as aetiological causes for patients who were presumed having rickettsioses by the presence of an eschar or a rash. Sera from patients with unknown origin fever from Matara were tested by immunofluorescence for SFG rickettsial antigens, typhus group rickettsiae, Orientia tsutsugamushi, and Coxiella burnetii antigens. Thirteen (7.3%) of the patients presented with a rash, 11 (6.1%) had an inoculation eschar, and 16 p…

Development of new, broadly reactive, rapid IgG and IgM lateral flow assays for diagnosis of scrub typhus.

We evaluated the diagnostic accuracy of two broadly reactive rapid immunochromatographic tests (ICTs) for detection of IgM and IgG against Orientia tsutsugamushi by using archived acute-phase serum samples from 102 patients with laboratory-confirmed scrub typhus, and from 62 archived serum samples from patients with other causes of fever as a negative control. These ICTs were constructed by using a mixture of recombinant proteins: 1) C1, a chimeric protein containing epitopes of the 56-kD antigen from Karp and TA763 strains; 2) Ktr56; and 3) Gmr56. Sensitivities of the ICTs for detection of Ig…

Etiologies of community-acquired febrile illness identified by TaqMan Array Card qPCR on blood samples: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

UNLABELLED: Community-acquired febrile illness presents a significant diagnostic challenge. The TaqMan Array Card (TAC) enables simultaneous … ogies. Plasmodium spp., Rickettsia spp., dengue virus, Lassa fever virus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Orientia tsutsugamushi, Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex, and Salmonella spp. were the most frequently identified pathogens. Culture-negative bacteria accounted for 56% of bacterial detections. Positivity with more than 1 organism occurred in 6% of cases. …

Molecular Assay Versus Serology for Diagnosis of Scrub Typhus Among Patients With Acute Febrile Illness: A Retrospective Study.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The epidemiology of scrub typhus caused by Orientia tsutsugamushi has been growing in Odisha, India. The most common symptoms include fever, cough, lymphadenopathy, eschar, and rash. In India, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) and DNA real-time polymerase chain reaction (DNA RT-PCR) are the most commonly used methods to diagnose scrub typhus. We conducted this study to determine the pattern of symptoms and association between the findings of ELISA and DNA RT-PCR. METHODS: This retrospective study was accomplished at the Kalinga Institute of Medical Sciences…

From obstacles to opportunities: Innovations and evolution of strategies in scrub typhus vaccine research.

Scrub typhus, caused by the obligate intracellular bacterium Orientia tsutsugamushi, remains a major public health burden in the Asia-Pacific region and is increasingly reported beyond its traditional endemic range. Despite its clinical significance, progress toward vaccine has been limited, largely due to extensive antigenic diversity and the difficulty of inducing durable cross-protective immunity. This review attempts to retrace the historical path of scrub typhus vaccine development from whole-cell killed preparations to subunit proteins, recombinant constructs, and epitope-driven strategi…

Classifying Eschar Morphologies: Enhancing Early Diagnosis of Scrub Typhus.

BACKGROUND: Scrub typhus, a rickettsial disease caused by Orientia tsutsugamushi, presents with diverse clinical manifestations, with eschar formation being a key diagnostic feature. METHODS: In this retrospective study, we analyzed 81 confirmed cases at Jeonbuk National University Hospital between January 2018 and December 2020 to systematically categorize eschar morphology and distribution. RESULTS: Eschars were classified into five types based on their morphology: erythematous macules (2.5%), vesicular (4.9%), erosive/ulcerative (13.6%), crusted (74.1%), and sclerotic (4.9%). The most com…

Molecular epidemiological study of Scrub Typhus in residence, farm and forest habitats from Yunnan Province, China.

The number of people suffering from scrub typhus, which is not of concern, is increasing year by year, especially in Yunnan Province, China. From June 1, 2021 to August 15, 2022, a total of 505 mammalian samples were collected from farm, forest, and residential habitats with high incidence of scrub typhus in Yunnan, China, for nPCR (nested PCR) and qPCR (quantitative real-time PCR) detection of Orientia tsutsugamushi. A total of 4 orders of murine-like animals, Rodentia (87.52%, n = 442), Insectivora (10.29%, n = 52), Lagomorpha (1.79%, n = 9) and Scandentia (0.40%, n = 2) were trapped. Compar…

Disseminated central nervous system tuberculoma in a patient with scrub typhus: A case report.

Central nervous system (CNS) tuberculosis mainly manifests as tuberculous meningitis and intracranial tuberculosis; intramedullary tuberculosis is uncommon. Scrub typhus is an acute naturally occurring infectious disease caused by Orientia tsutsugamushi. CNS tuberculoma following typhus is rare. The present study described a 60-year-old man with high fever, muscle soreness, yellowish skin and sclera and hepatosplenomegaly. At first, the patient was diagnosed with scrub typhus, after treatment with doxycycline he recovered completely. However, half a month after discharge, the patient experienc…

The first case report of acute myocardial infarction in young adult caused by scrub typhus.

RATIONALE: Scrub typhus is a zoonotic disease caused by Orientia tsutsugamushi, a gram-negative intracellular bacterium and endemic in Asia-Pacific area. Acute myocardial infarction after Oricntia tsutsugamushi infection was rarely reported, and young adult was not reported. PATIENT CONERNS: A 33-year-old man came to the emergency complained with chest tightness and fever for 4 days. DIAGONOSES: After Weil-Felix agglutination test (titer 1:160) twice, scrub typhus was diagnosed. INTERVENTIONS: After treating with a hormonotherapy, antibiotic and ventilator-assisted ventilation, his chest ti…

Seroprevalence of Dengue Virus and Rickettsial Infections in Cambodian Children.

Scrub typhus (ST, Orientia tsutsugamushi), murine typhus (MT, Rickettsia typhi), and dengue virus (DENV) are important causes of childhood morbidity in Cambodia. This prospective, cross-sectional seroprevalence study determined the proportion of Cambodian children infected by these pathogens and the ages at which initial infection is likely to occur. A total of 993 patient serum samples were tested for MT- and ST-specific IgG, and 837 samples tested for DENV-specific IgG. Overall, ST, MT, and DENV seroprevalence was high, estimated at 4.2%, 5.3%, and 50.7%, respectively. Scrub typhus and MT se…

Dysregulated Th1 Immune and Vascular Responses in Scrub Typhus Pathogenesis.

Scrub typhus is an emerging, insect-transmitted disease caused by Orientia tsutsugamushi, a Gram- and LPS-negative bacterium that replicates freely within professional phagocytes and endothelial cells. Scrub typhus is prevalent with high mortality rates, but information regarding its molecular pathogenesis, microbial virulence determinants, and key immune responses is limited. Improved animal models have recently been developed that respectively resemble the pathological features of self-limiting or severe scrub typhus in humans. Strong activation of Th1 and CD8, but not Th2 and regulatory T, …

Case Report: Concurrent Sympatric Scrub Typhus and Japanese Spotted Fever in Japan.

Scrub typhus and Japanese spotted fever-both rickettsial diseases-are endemic and notifiable in Japan and may cause a fatal outcome without … ant > 4-fold increase in immunoglobulin G and immunoglobulin M titers against multiple serotypes of Orientia tsutsugamushi and Rickettsia japonica were revealed by indirect immunoperoxidase assays. These clinical and serological data, even in the absence of molecular or isolation evidence, provided grade II evidence that this was a concurrent infection of …

Дело о скруб-тифе сложное с миокардитом и хабдомиолизом.

Скруб тифа () — зоонотическая болезнь, вызванная цутсугамуши, внутриклеточной бактерией грамм-отрицательной граммы. Миокардит и хабдомиолиз - редкие осложнения от скруба тифа. КИСЛОТА: Мы сообщаем о случае тифа, который одновременно был запутан миокардитом и хабдомиолизом. 54-летняя женщина попала в нашу больницу с миальгией в верхних и нижних конечностях, отёком и лихорадкой 7 дней. Мы подтвердили диагноз скруба тифа, осложненного миокардитом перикардным анализом жидкости и результатами сердечного магнитного резонанса. Перикардная жидкость имела характеристики экстузиаста, повышенного анализа

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
BACKGROUND: Scrub typhus is a zoonotic disease caused by Orientia tsutsugamushi, a gram-negative intracellular bacterium. Myocarditis and rhabdomyolysis are rare complications of scrub typhus. CASE PRESENTATION: We report a case of scrub typhus, which was simultaneously complicated with myocarditis and rhabdomyolysis. A 54-year-old woman presented to our ho…