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Intravitreal NGF administration counteracts retina degeneration after permanent carotid artery occlusion in rat.

BACKGROUND: The neurotrophin nerve growth factor (NGF) is produced by different cell types in the anterior and posterior eye, exerting a neu … - expression (at 8 days after 2VO). A single intravitreal NGF injection regulates the demyelination/remyelination balance after ischemic injury in the optic nerve toward remyelination (at 75 days after 2VO), as indicated by the MBP expression regulation, thus preventing optic nerve atrophy and ganglion cells degeneration. At 8 days, NGF does not modify 2VO-indu …

Multifocal motor neuropathy: pathologic alterations at the site of conduction block.

The pathologic changes of nerves in multifocal motor neuropathy (MMN), a rare neuropathy with selective focal conduction block of motor fibe … f axolemma at nodes of Ranvier could cause conduction block, transitory paranodal demyelination and remyelination, and axonal degeneration and regeneration. Alternatively, the antibody attack could be directed at components of paranodal myelin. We favor the first hypothesis because in nerves studied by us, axonal pathological alteration predominated over myelin …

Morphology of oligodendrocytes during demyelination in optic nerves of mice infected with Semliki Forest virus.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a demyelinating disease which affects oligodendrocytes, the myelinating cells of the CNS. Demyelination is known to occur in the optic nerves of Balb/c mice infected with the avirulent A7(74) strain of Semliki Forest virus (SFV), and many of the changes are similar to those of patients with MS. The aim of the present study was to determine how demyelination proceeds in individual oligodendrocytes in SFV infection, to help in understanding the pathology of demyelination and remyelination in MS. The whole-cell morphology of individual oligodendrocyte units (defined as …

Donor-specific pathological features associate with genetic background, lesion type distribution, and clinical heterogeneity in multiple sclerosis.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) shows pronounced pathological and clinical variability between individuals, reflecting differences in genetic suscep … pathological features, namely perivascular cuffs, microglial nodules, broad rim lesions (BRLs), and remyelination efficiency. Perivascular cuffs and microglial nodules were more prevalent among carriers of the MS susceptibility allele HLA-DRB1*15:01 (rs3135388). BRLs and perivascular cuffs were enriched in carriers of the MS severity-associated SNP in the DYSF- …

Therapeutic Advances and Biomarkers in Multiple Sclerosis.

INTRODUCTION: High-efficacy Disease-Modifying Therapies (DMTs) have transformed relapse control in multiple sclerosis, yet Progression Indep … anchored approaches; CD19 Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-cell (CAR-T) therapy remains investigational. Remyelination/neurorepair candidates show signal on visual evoked potentials and myelinsensitive MRI. DISCUSSION: Anti-CD20 antibodies are foundational in RRMS and PPMS; S1P modulators remain effective in Relapsing Remitting Multiple Sclerosis (RRMS) and relapsi …

Buyang Huanwu decoction promotes post-stroke white matter repair via TREM2-Dependent microglial phagocytosis and IGF1 secretion.

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: White matter injury (WMI) following ischemic stroke represents a critical pathological determinant of persistent neurological impairment, with current therapeutic options remaining limited. Buyang Huanwu Decoction (BYHWD), a time-honored formulation historically deployed in traditional Chinese medicine to address post-stroke sequelae, exhibits documented neuroprotective efficacy; nevertheless, its mechanistic actions governing post-ischemic white matter restoration and remyelination are yet to be fully deciphered. AIM OF THE STUDY: This study aimed to elucidate…

Hypoxic preconditioning enhances the differentiation of bone marrow stromal cells into mature oligodendrocytes via the mTOR/HIF-1α/VEGF pathway in traumatic brain injury.

OBJECTIVE: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) results not only in gray matter damage, but also in severe white matter injury (WMI). Previous findings support hypoxic preconditioning (HP) could augment the efficacy of bone marrow stromal cell (BMSC) transplantation in a TBI mouse model. However, whether HP-treated BMSCs (H-BMSCs) could overcome remyelination failure after WMI is unclear, and the molecular mechanisms remain to be explored. Here, we focused on the therapeutic benefits of H-BMSC transplantation for treating WMI, as well as its underlying mechanisms. METHODS: In vitro, BMSCs were incuba…

Activity of cyclic AMP phosphodiesterases and adenylyl cyclase in peripheral nerve after crush and permanent transection injuries.

Recent studies demonstrate that cAMP levels are tightly controlled during demyelination and remyelination in Schwann cells as cAMP decreases to 8-10% of normal following both sciatic nerve crush or permanent transection injury and only begins to increase in the crushed nerve after remyelination (Poduslo, J. F., Walikonis, R. S., Domec, M., Berg, C. T., and Holtz-Heppelmann, C. J. (1995) J. Neurochem. 65, 149-159). To investigate the mechanisms responsible for this change in cAMP levels, cAMP phosphodiesterase (PDE) and adenylyl cyclase activities were determined before and after sciatic nerve …

Glial cells in chronic inflammation: diversity, dysfunction and therapeutic targeting.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the central nervous system (CNS). Current therapies for relapsing MS primarily target the peripheral immune system but have consistently failed to address mechanisms underlying disease progression, which are thought to involve CNS-resident glial cells such as astrocytes, microglia and oligodendrocytes. Recent technological advances have revealed the functional heterogeneity of these glial cells, highlighting their crucial roles in inflammation, demyelination, remyelination and neurodegeneration. In this Review, we summarize emerging …

[Histopathologic features of glia in human epileptogenic brain lesions].

Focal cortical dysplasia is a common pathologic background observed in surgical specimens taken from patients with intractable epilepsy, where various types and degrees of dysplastic features were observed in various combinations. Prominent astrocytosis in the cortex and white matter was commonly evident. An ultrastructural investigation revealed dilatation of the postsynaptic dendritic spines and shafts in the cortex and features indicating the occurrence in the white matter of demyelination followed by remyelination. Thus, with regard to the epileptogenic lesions, although dysplastic changes…

[Electrical stimulation promote proliferation and differentiation of endogenous neural stem cells in normal and injured spinal cord].

This article briefly reviews the general understanding of endogenous neural stem cells (eNSCs) in the CNS over the past 50 years. The prolif … birth and differentiation of eNSCs in the spinal cord. Furthermore, electrical stimulation promotes remyelination and neural repair. Finally, this article discusses the possibility of the application of eNSOs and FES in electroacupuncture research.

Mitochondrial-Immune Dysfunction in MS: Therapeutic Potential of EV-Mediated Transfer.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic immune-mediated disorder of the central nervous system. In this disease, mitochondrial dysfunction cont … rgetics. In parallel, this approach reduces oxidative stress and neuroinflammation while supporting remyelination and neuroprotection. This review summarizes the mechanistic rationale, current preclinical evidence, and future translational perspectives of EV-mediated mitochondrial therapy in MS.

HIV-Associated Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy: A Case Study.

Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) is a rare, life-threatening, infectious, lytic, demyelinating disease that results from reactivation of the virulent JC polyomavirus (JCV) "major opportunistic infection" in immunosuppressed individuals. We reported a case of a young girl who presented with new onset focal neurological defect, evaluated, and laboratory and radiological findings in the context of a clinical setting confirmed HIV-related-PML infection. However, remyelination does not occur, the patients may develop complications in the long term including cognitive impairment, sen…

Herpesviruses and the hidden links to Multiple Sclerosis neuropathology.

Herpesviruses like Epstein-Barr virus, human herpesvirus (HHV)-6, HHV-1, VZV, and human endogenous retroviruses, have an age-old clinical as … e T and B cells, respectively, viral déjà vu, epitope spreading, CD46 receptor engagement, impaired remyelination etc. Overall, this review addresses the host-parasite association of viruses with MS.

Hereditary neuropathy with liability to pressure palsy: fulminant development with axonal loss during military training.

Hereditary neuropathy with liability to pressure palsy (HNPP) is characterised by recurrent mononeuropathies following minor trauma. We desc … nervation in muscles of the hands and right shoulder. Sural nerve biopsy demonstrated tomaculae and remyelination. Genetic testing revealed PMP-22 gene deletion. This case report demonstrates that HNPP can present with rapidly progressive peripheral nerve dysfunction and electrophysiological evidence of focal axonal loss.

Morphological study of peripheral nerve changes induced by chloroquine treatment.

Nerve biopsies were performed in four patients with suspected chloroquine induced neuromyopathy. Three of the patients were treated with high doses of chloroquine for connective tissue disease, while one patient was taking this drug as malaria prophylaxis. Morphological studies demonstrated the presence of segmental demyelination and remyelination in all cases. Cytoplasmic inclusions were observed in Schwann cells, in perineurial and endothelial cells, and in some interstitial cells. They were never observed within axons. Occasional curvilinear profiles were seen in perineurial and Schwann cel…

How do different cell populations orchestrate myelin regeneration?

Approximately 35 in 100,000 people are affected by diseases associated with loss of myelin, generally described as demyelinating diseases. D … contributions of different cell populations to the creation of conditions permissive for effective remyelination and to the formation of new myelin after injury. Moreover, we would like to highlight the importance of sphingolipids in the network of interactions between these cell populations. Mutations in genes encoding sphingolipid metabolic enzymes (such as …

Доклад по делу: Существенное сокращение повреждений и структурные нейронные изменения после лечения ибогина при множественном склерозе.

Множественный склероз (MS) — изнуряющее нейродегенеративное заболевание, характеризующееся демиэлированием и нейронной потерей. Традиционная терапия часто не может остановить прогрессирование заболеваний или обратный неврологический дефицит. Ибогаин, психоактивный алкалоид, был предложен в качестве потенциального нейрогенеративного агента в силу его многогранного фармакологического профиля. Мы представляем два тематических исследования пациентов MS, которые прошли новое лечение ибогином, высветив значительные нейроимации и клинические улучшения. Пациент А продемонстрировал существенное сокраще

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a debilitating neurodegenerative disease characterized by demyelination and neuronal loss. Traditional therapies … substantial lesion shrinkage and decreased Apparent Diffusion Coefficient (ADC) values, suggesting remyelination and reduced inflammation. Both patients exhibited cortical and subcortical alterations, particularly in regions associated with pain and emotional processing. These findings suggest that ibogaine may promote neuroplasticity and modulate neurocircuit …

Phosphorene hydrogel conduits as "neurotrophin reservoirs" for promoting regeneration of peripheral nerves.

Treatment of large gaps in peripheral nerves is a major clinical challenge. Artificial nerve guidance conduits (NGCs) have provided new oppo … nce studies revealed BP hydrogel NGCs loaded with Nrg1 promoted sciatic-nerve regeneration and axon remyelination. Our method has great potential for promoting treatment of peripheral-nerve injuries.

Axonal degeneration in sodium cyanate-induced neuropathy.

Two patients with sickle cell disease who had been maintained on sodium cyanante therapy for periods of 440 and 600 days on dosages up to 44 and 41 mg/kg per day developed a motor and sensory neuropathy. In both, definite abnormalities of myelinated and unmyelinated fibers were found. In one, the predominant abnormality of myelinated fibers was segmental demyelination and remyelination; in the other, there were histological features typical of axonal degeneration. It seems unlikely that the brunt of the metabolic derangement was on Schwann cells in the first case and on the nerve cell in the s…