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Preterm Finnish-type congenital nephrotic syndrome (NPHS1 variant) with multisystem involvement and TORCH coinfection.

This report describes a preterm male neonate who presented in his second month of life with seizures, anasarca and severe hypoalbuminaemia. Laboratory evaluation revealed heavy proteinuria, electrolyte disturbances and microbiological seropositivity (cytomegalovirus, herpes simplex virus, rubella), while urine culture isolated Klebsiella Whole-exome sequencing confirmed a homozygous NPHS1 variant consistent with Finnish-type congenital nephrotic syndrome. The infant required mechanical ventilation, inotropic support, daily albumin infusions, antiviral therapy and intensive electrolyte correcti

Comparison of Inflammatory Cytokine Responses in DENV-1 Monoinfection Versus Coinfection with DENV-4.

PURPOSE: Dengue is a systemic vector-borne viral disease caused by infection of any one (monoinfection) or more than one serotype (coinfection) of the Dengue virus (DENV). Till date, there have been few studies, which have focused on assessing the cytokine and hematological parameters during DENV mono and coinfection giving emphasis to specific serotype combinations. This is important because all four DENV serotypes do not induce the same disease severity. Taking this into account, the current study was conducted to analyze the hematological parameters, inflammatory cytokine responses, and sym…

Liver disease risk attributable to HCV, HIV, and HCV-HIV coinfection: an interaction analysis.

OBJECTIVE: To quantify whether living with HIV modifies the effect of hepatitis C (HCV) infection on risk of cirrhosis, hepatic decompensation (decompensation), and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in a real-world healthcare context. DESIGN: A cohort of 1 484 587 individuals from Ontario, Canada that tested negative for HCV antibodies (HCV Ab-) were followed from 1999 to 2018 for diagnoses of HCV, HIV, cirrhosis, decompensated cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma, using administrative health data. METHODS: Time-dependent Cox regression was used to quantify the risk of each liver disease out

Clinical characteristics and predictors of Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia coinfection with Bordetella pertussis in children.

This study aimed to investigate the clinical characteristics of Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) pneumonia coinfection with Bordetella pertussis (BP) in children and to determine the predictors of BP coinfection. Children with MP pneumonia (MPP) admitted to The First People's Hospital of NanKang District between January 2024 and January 2025 were screened. Patients with BP coinfection were assigned to the study group, while those with mono-infection of MP were assigned to the control group at a 1:1 ratio, matched by age and admission time. Clinical data were compared between the 2 groups. Multivaria…

Type 2 diabetes is associated with pulmonary cavitation in men with HIV-TB coinfection.

OBJECTIVES: To explore the association between type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) and pulmonary cavitation in male with HIV-tuberculosis (TB) coinfection, as well as to quantify the relationships between glycemic indicators [HbA1c and fasting plasma glucose (FPG)] and cavity size. The robustness of these correlations was further validated in a non-HIV TB sample. METHODS: This comparative cross-sectional study based on exposure status included 132 men with HIV-TB and T2D (exposed group) and 131 age-matched men with HIV-TB without T2D (non-exposed group). Multivariable regression models, subgroup a…

Modulation of pulmonary IL-21 expression during latent TB and M. tuberculosis/SIV coinfection.

Tuberculosis (TB) and HIV coinfection remains a major global health challenge, with limited understanding of how these pathogens affect local immune responses in the lungs. This study is the first to our knowledge to investigate the modulation of IL-21 during LTBI and M. tuberculosis/SIV coinfection in nonhuman primates (NHP). We show that IL-21 expression, predominantly derived from CD4+ T cells, is significantly reduced in lungs of M. tuberculosis/SIV coinfected macaques, especially in the absence of cART. Although cART and cART with 3HP partially restore IL-21-producing CD4+ T cells, levels…

PEDV and BVDV coinfection activates the NF-κB pathway by a TLR7-dependent mechanism.

INTRODUCTION: In recent years, coinfections of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) with other enteric pathogens have been frequently observed in diarrheal piglets. However, the underlying mechanisms of pathogen-pathogen or pathogen-host interactions during such coinfections remain to be elucidated. METHODS: In this study, an in vitro coinfection test of bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) and PEDV was performed on model cells established before to explore the effect of coinfection on PEDV replication. Additionally, we used small interfering RNA (siRNA) assay to explore the role of TLRs rela…

Single-Cell Transcriptomic Analysis of the Immune Response to COVID-19 and Tuberculosis Coinfection.

The immune characteristics and pathological mechanisms of COVID-19 and tuberculosis coinfection are not well understood. Single-cell RNA sequencing has emerged as a powerful tool for dissecting complex immune responses and cellular interactions in infectious diseases. Here, we employed scRNA-seq, combined with laboratory examinations and clinical observations, to elucidate potential mechanisms of immunopathology and protective immunity in coinfected patients. Substantial alterations in immune cell populations in patients with severe coinfection were observed, characterized by severe lymphopeni…

Chronic hepatitis b coinfection and survival in pediatric T-ALL: A propensity-matched analysis.

In this retrospective study of 251 pediatric patients with T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL), chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infe … s such as elevated leukocyte counts or central nervous system involvement. The study identifies HBV coinfection as an independent adverse prognostic factor in pediatric T-ALL. These findings highlight the urgent need for prospective studies to investigate the underlying mechanisms and to develop novel therapeutic strategies for this high-risk patient subgroup …

Листерия моноцитогены и ауреат ауреуса Staphylococus у пациента с множественной миеломой: отчет по делу.

ВВЕДЕНИЕ: Listeria monocitogenes представляет собой грозный патоген, который представляет собой значительную угрозу для иммунокомпромизации и может вызвать редкие нетипичные формы заболевания, особенно осложненные при кондиционировании Staphylococcus aureus. КАСЕ: Мы представляем случай пациента с моноцитогенесом менингоэнцефалитом, эндокардитом, сепсисом и С. ауреусом остеомиелитом, высветив сложность лечения распространяемой полимикробной инфекции. A 64-year-old Женщина с множественной миеломой лечится химиотерапией с температурой, изменившимся психическим состоянием, тошнотой и диареей в от

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
INTRODUCTION: Listeria monocytogenes is a formidable pathogen that poses a significant threat to immunocompromised and might cause rare atypical forms of the disease especially complicated with Staphylococcus aureus coinfection. CASE: We present a case of a patient with L. monocytogenes meningoencephalitis, endocarditis, sepsis, and S. aureus osteomyelitis,…

Host-Directed Therapies Based on Protease Inhibitors to Control Mycobacterium tuberculosis and HIV Coinfection.

Despite continuous and extensive global efforts in the fight against tuberculosis (TB), this infectious disease continues to exert a tremend … , are valuable targets that may provide effective therapeutic solutions for controlling Mtb and HIV coinfection.

[Unmasking immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) in XDR-TB-HIV coinfection: a case report].

A patient with untreated chronic HIV infection was admitted for further treatment of acute pulmonary embolism with hemodynamic compromise. In the presence of constitutional symptoms (fever, night sweats, weight loss), no evidence of malignancy and/or opportunistic infection was found. Abdominal ultrasound revealed small amounts of ascites without evidence of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) as well as underlying steatohepatitis with hypoproteinemia and right heart failure. Antiretroviral therapy (ART) was initiated. Fulminant peritonitis developed, which did not respond to broad anti-in

Interaction and antiviral treatment of coinfection between SARS-CoV-2 and influenza in vitro.

BACKGROUND: The pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has lasted for three years. Coinfection with seasonal influenza may occur resulting in more severe diseases. The interaction between these two viruses for infection and the effect of antiviral treatment remains unclear. METHODS: A SARS-CoV-2 and influenza H1N1 coinfection model on Calu-3 cell line was established, upon which the simultaneous and sequential coinfection was evaluated by comparing the viral load. The efficacy of molnupiravir and baloxavir against individual virus and coinfection were …

Bystander Effects and Profibrotic Interactions in Hepatic Stellate Cells during HIV and HCV Coinfection.

This study aims to explore the influence of coinfection with HCV and HIV on hepatic fibrosis. A coculture system was set up to actively replicate both viruses, incorporating CD4 T lymphocytes (Jurkat), hepatic stellate cells (LX-2), and hepatocytes (Huh7.5). LX-2 cells' susceptibility to HIV infection was assessed through measurements of HIV receptor expression, exposure to cell-free virus, and cell-to-cell contact with HIV-infected Jurkat cells. The study evaluated profibrotic parameters, including programed cell death, ROS imbalance, cytokines (IL-6, TGF-β, and TNF-α), and extracellular matr…

Exploring a Rare Pulmonary Coinfection: Cryptococcal Pneumonia and Exophiala dermatitidis in an Immunocompetent Host.

Pulmonary cryptococcosis is becoming increasingly common in immunocompetent hosts, manifesting with variable clinical presentations ranging from asymptomatic colonization to severe pneumonia. Radiological findings are non-specific, such as nodular infiltrates, mass-like lesions, and mediastinal lymphadenopathy. We present a case of a 61-year-old woman with Cryptococcus neoformans pneumonia coinfected with Exophiala dermatitidis, an unusual occurrence in an immunocompetent host and the first of its kind. This coinfection posed significant diagnostic challenges due to the rare occurrence of each…

HIV/HBV coinfection remodels the immune landscape and natural killer cell ADCC functional responses.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: HBV and HIV coinfection is a common occurrence globally, with significant morbidity and mortality. Both viruses lead to immune dysregulation including changes in natural killer (NK) cells, a key component of antiviral defense and a promising target for HBV cure strategies. Here we used high-throughput single-cell analysis to explore the immune cell landscape in people with HBV mono-infection and HIV/HBV coinfection, on antiviral therapy, with emphasis on identifying the distinctive characteristics of NK cell subsets that can be therapeutically harnessed. APPROACH AND RESU…

Biased virus transmission following sequential coinfection of Aedes aegypti with dengue and Zika viruses.

BACKGROUND: Mosquito-borne arboviruses are expanding their territory and elevating their infection prevalence due to the rapid climate change, urbanization, and increased international travel and global trade. Various significant arboviruses, including the dengue virus, Zika virus, Chikungunya virus, and yellow fever virus, are all reliant on the same primary vector, Aedes aegypti. Consequently, the occurrence of arbovirus coinfection in mosquitoes is anticipated. Arbovirus coinfection in mosquitoes has two patterns: simultaneous and sequential. Numerous studies have demonstrated that simultan…

Impact of human papillomavirus and coinfection with other sexually transmitted pathogens on male infertility.

This study primarily aimed to investigate the prevalence of human papillomavirus (HPV) and other common pathogens of sexually transmitted in … m (28.3%), Ureaplasma parvum (20.4%), and Enterococcus faecalis (9.5%). The prevalence rates of HPV coinfection with Ureaplasma urealyticum, Ureaplasma parvum, Chlamydia trachomatis, Mycoplasma genitalium , herpes simplex virus 2, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Enterococcus faecalis, Streptococcus agalactiae , and Staphylococcus aureus were 24.8%, 25.4%, 10.6%, 6.4%, …

Necrotizing pneumonia secondary to Influenza A (H1N1) coinfection with Staphylococcus aureus: A case report.

OBJECTIVE: This study aims to enhance understanding of necrotizing pneumonia and toxic shock syndrome by analyzing an adult case of community-acquired necrotizing pneumonia caused by co-infection of Influenza A (H1N1) and Staphylococcus aureus with LukS-PV and LukF-PV virulence factor genes. METHOD: The clinical data of one patient admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) with co-infection of Influenza A (H1N1) and Staphylococcus aureus was retrospectively analyzed. RESULTS: The patient exhibited typical clinical manifestations of viral and Staphylococcus aureus co-infection, including necr