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Taking public health to the streets: the 1998 Auckland Meningococcal Disease Awareness Program.

Since 1991, New Zealand has experienced a dramatic increase in cases of serogroup B meningococcal disease. Early in 1998, a program was initiated in Auckland to raise awareness among high-risk communities about the early clinical features of meningococcal disease and appropriate action to take. The campaign was conducted largely through door-to-door visiting by Maori and Pacific Islands lay educators, who visited more than 11,000 households and engaged more than 9,000 people in discussion. Significantly greater awareness was found in people visited by lay educators than those not visited. For

Strengthening nutrition services within integrated community case management (iCCM) of childhood illnesses in the Democratic Republic of Congo: Evidence to guide implementation.

In the Democratic Republic of Congo, 43% of children under 5 years of age suffer from stunting, and the majority (60%) of children, 6-59 mon … y-based providers (n = 18), and traditional healers (n = 20) and eight focus group discussions with community health workers. Study findings reveal most mothers reported diminished quantity and quality of breastmilk linked to child/maternal illness, inadequate maternal diet, and feedings spaced too far apart. Mothers' return to work in the field led to early introduction …

Community Perceptions and Attitudes Toward Vaccination in Madagascar.

Background/Objectives: Low vaccination coverage and the persistence of zero-dose children remain the principal challenges for immunization e … ts, including political-administrative, religious, and traditional authorities, healthcare workers, community health workers, and parents. Results: Overall, the benefits of vaccination were widely acknowledged by the population. Anti-vaccine rumors were found to be sporadic and, due to their provisional nature, potentially reversible even among those who relay them. Beyon …

Community case management to accelerate access to healthcare in Mali: a realist process evaluation nested within a cluster randomized trial.

The Proactive Community Case Management (ProCCM) trial in Mali reinforced the health system across both arms with user fee removal, professional community health workers (CHWs) and upgraded primary health centres (PHCs)-and randomized village-clusters to receive proactive home visits by CHWs (intervention) or fixed site-based services by passive CHWs (control). Across both arms, sick children's 24-hour treatment and pregnant women's four or more antenatal visits doubled, and under-5 mortality halved, over 3 years compared with baseline. In the intervention arm, proactive CHW home visits had mo…

The UN High-Level Commission on Health Employment and Economic Growth: The Opportunity for Communities and their Primary Health Systems.

Focusing on the UN High-Level Commission on Health Employment and Economic Growth, this paper examines its potential impact on primary health-care to communities. It contains a set of curated interviews with key decision-makers who are determining how health workers are trained and employed all over the world. The commentaries come from individuals who have either been or have not been directly involved in the work of the Commission, exploring the necessary actions needed in support of implementing these recommendations, highlighting the ultimate potential impact at the local level - health sy

Beliefs about the causes and treatment of common mental illnesses and suicidality in rural Uganda.

BACKGROUND: Mental illnesses constitute a large and escalating portion of the global burden of disease, particularly in low- and middle-income countries like Uganda. Understanding community perceptions towards mental illness is crucial for developing effective interventions. AIMS: To explore beliefs about the perceived causes and treatment of common mental illnesses (depression, anxiety, alcohol use disorder) and suicidality in rural eastern Uganda. METHOD: Qualitative study using 31 in-depth interviews and 4 focus group discussions with healthcare workers, community health workers, communit…

Acute febrile illness in remote and rural communities: Perspectives of health providers and managers in Chattogram, Bangladesh.

Acute febrile illness is a major public health issue in tropical regions, particularly in remote and rural areas where healthcare access is … king behaviour and financial considerations influence case management and outcomes in complex ways. Community health workers are vital in managing local health issues, but they have limited ability to address the evolving concerns about febrile illness. Gaps in the referral system and inadequate emergency care resources further complicate the situation. Many episodes of f …

Qualitative insights on emergency preparedness and response to marburg virus disease in Ghana: The role of risk communication and community engagement.

OBJECTIVES: Faith-based healthcare providers have played pivotal roles in recent public health responses to disease outbreaks, such as Ebola, COVID-19, and Marburg Virus Disease. However, the literature on their performance remains scarce. This research therefore evaluates the risk communication and community engagement capacity of the Christian Health Association of Ghana (CHAG) during the Marburg Disease Virus outbreak in Ghana. METHOD: Data were obtained from 15 clinical and nonclinical health workers affiliated with CHAG and the Ghana Health Service (GHS). Online interviews were conducted

A study to evaluate the acceptability, feasibility and impact of packaged interventions ("Diarrhea Pack") for prevention and treatment of childhood diarrhea in rural Pakistan.

BACKGROUND: Diarrhea remains one of the leading public health issues in developing countries and is a major contributor in morbidity and mor … e survey in all clusters followed by the delivery of diarrhea Pack in intervention clusters through community health workers at domiciliary level and through sales promoters to health care providers and pharmacies. Four quarterly surveillance rounds were conducted to evaluate the impact of diarrhea pack in all clusters by an independent team of Field workers. RESULTS: Bo …

Enrollment Assister Perspectives of a Private Health Insurance Program for Undocumented Immigrants.

IMPORTANCE: In 2023, Colorado implemented the only state-funded marketplace-like US private health insurance program for undocumented immigrants. Community health workers and brokers served as enrollment assisters (EAs) and played a pivotal role in helping clients enroll in insurance plans and navigate the health care system. Understanding the perspectives of EAs is important to inform scalability and implementation as other states consider launching similar state-funded health insurance programs for undocumented immigrants, particularly amid declining federal support for underserved populatio…

Enhanced support for adherence to rheumatic heart disease prophylaxis for children in the public health system in Uganda (CAMPS): a pragmatic randomised trial.

BACKGROUND: Secondary antibiotic prophylaxis is the only intervention known to prevent rheumatic heart disease progression, yet delivery of prophylaxis at scale in low-resource settings has proven challenging, undermining many global programmes. We sought to assess whether enhanced prophylaxis support for rheumatic heart disease, administered through community health workers in the public health system, was feasible and a scalable model. METHODS: The CAMPS trial was a pragmatic randomised trial of prophylaxis supports integrated into routine care in Eastern Uganda. Children and adolescents wi…

Changing smiles and minds-a community-based trial on parental knowledge impact on early childhood caries.

UNLABELLED: This community-based trial aimed to explore a change in levels of parental understanding of factors that could contribute to early childhood caries (ECC) following educational visits with community health workers (CHWs). This intervention was aided through the utilisation of a behavioural education programme; the named example within this study is MySmileBuddy. Children met with their parents and CHWs over the period of a year, to discuss goals that would aim to increase parent education about caries, to establish good habits and behaviours that could contribute to a reduction in t…

Usability and acceptance of a mobile health wallet for pregnancy-related healthcare: A mixed methods study on stakeholders' perceptions in central Madagascar.

BACKGROUND: Several sub-Saharan African countries use digital financial services to improve health financing, especially for maternal and child health. In cooperation with the Malagasy Ministry of Health, the NGO Doctors for Madagascar is implementing a mobile health wallet for maternal health care in public-sector health facilities in Madagascar. Our aim was to explore the enabling and limiting factors related to the usability and acceptance of the Mobile Maternal Health Wallet (MMHW) intervention during its implementation. METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional, mixed methods study with mo

Ранний опыт интеграции неинфекционных заболеваний в систему неотложной первичной медико-санитарной помощи, регион Бени, Демократическая Республика Конго.

СПРАВОЧНАЯ ИНФОРМАЦИЯ: Медицинские услуги в условиях гуманитарных кризисов все чаще включают лечение неинфекционных заболеваний в первичную медико-санитарную помощь. Поскольку такие программы мало описаны, цель данного тематического исследования состоит в том, чтобы описать первоначальное внедрение мер по борьбе с неинфекционными заболеваниями в рамках чрезвычайной первичной медико-санитарной помощи в затронутом конфликтом районе Бени Демократической Республики Конго (ДРК). ЦЕЛИ: Мы внедрили и оценили подход к первичной медико-санитарной помощи при лечении гипертонии и диабета в целях оценки ц

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
BACKGROUND: Health services in humanitarian crises increasingly integrate the management of non-communicable diseases into primary care. As … les for diabetes and hypertension management for clinical officers and the use of patient cards and community health workers to improve adherence. We used cohort analysis (April to October 2018), time-trend analysis, semi-structured interviews, and costing to evaluate the program. FINDINGS: Increases in consultations for hypertension (incidence rate ratio [IRR] 13.5, 95% …

Effectiveness of the innovative 1,7-malaria reactive community-based testing and response (1, 7-mRCTR) approach on malaria burden reduction in Southeastern Tanzania.

BACKGROUND: In 2015, a China-UK-Tanzania tripartite pilot project was implemented in southeastern Tanzania to explore a new model for reducing malaria burden and possibly scaling-out the approach into other malaria-endemic countries. The 1,7-malaria Reactive Community-based Testing and Response (1,7-mRCTR) which is a locally-tailored approach for reporting febrile malaria cases in endemic villages was developed to stop transmission and Plasmodium life-cycle. The (1,7-mRCTR) utilizes existing health facility data and locally trained community health workers to conduct community-level testing an…

Oxytocin for preventing postpartum haemorrhage (PPH) in non-facility birth settings.

BACKGROUND: Postpartum haemorrhage (PPH) is the single leading cause of maternal mortality worldwide. Most of the deaths associated with PPH occur in resource-poor settings where effective methods of prevention and treatment - such as oxytocin - are not accessible because many births still occur at home, or in community settings, far from a health facility. Likewise, most of the evidence supporting oxytocin effectiveness comes from hospital settings in high-income countries, mainly because of the need of well-organised care for its administration and monitoring. Easier methods for oxytocin adm

Helping Sex Offenders to Desist Offending: The Gains and Drains for CoSA Volunteers-A Review of the Literature.

In Circles of Support and Accountability (CoSA), a group of trained volunteers support sex offenders in their desistance process by engaging in a long-lasting empathic relationship. Is it safe to employ volunteers in this way? This literature review provides an overview of both theoretical explanations and empirical evidence of the possible impact of this type of volunteerism on the volunteers themselves. Fifty original research articles and reviews met the selection criteria of a systematic search. Results on effects of volunteering in general, effects of volunteer work with offenders, and ef

Disclosure of hepatitis B and reduced access to health care due to stigma: an exploratory study with Chinese people living with hepatitis B in Australia.

Decisions of whether to disclose a stigmatised health condition are complex and have ramifications for affected populations; however, there is very limited knowledge of hepatitis B-related disclosure. This study explored disclosure of hepatitis B, concerns around disclosure, and whether these concerns are associated with other outcomes among Chinese people living with hepatitis B. Surveys with 65 Chinese people living with hepatitis B in Australia measured disclosure of hepatitis B, concerns around disclosure, reduced access to care due to stigma, perceived and experienced stigma, negative tre

Psychiatric care in the Middle East: a "mental health supermarket" in the town of Lod.

It is often in times of political tension and hostilities that community mental health care is neglected. We describe a novel and creative community mental health program where a combination of professional mental health workers and an innovative mental health system network combine to provide a remarkably successful and tension free mental health care arrangement in an area of high political and intergroup hostility. The system, termed the "mental health supermarket," encompasses multi-component rehabilitation, hospital liaison and interagency collaborative care. The framework succeeds in set