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Properties of Approved Antitumour Chinese Herbal Medicines: Integrating Evidence and Tradition.

The properties and meridian affinities of Chinese herbal medicine are closely associated with their therapeutic efficacy. This review focuses on approved antitumour Chinese medicines listed in the Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China (2020 Edition, Volume I), highlighting their key components. Statistical methods were used to analyse the properties, flavours and channel tropisms of antitumour traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), including both proprietary formulations and commercially available individual herbs. Distinctive patterns were identified by comparing herb profiles with con

The Application Progress of Patient-Derived Tumor Xenograft Models After Cholangiocarcinoma Surgeries.

Surgical treatment is the only possible cure for cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) at present. However, the high recurrence rate of postoperative CCA leads to a very poor prognosis for patients, effective postoperative chemotherapy is hence the key to preventing the recurrence of CCA. The sensitivity of CCA to cytotoxic chemotherapy drugs and targeted drugs varies from person to person, and therefore, the screening of sensitive drugs has become an important topic after CCA surgeries. Patient-Derived tumor Xenograft models (PDX) can stably retain the genetic and pathological characteristics of primary t

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… Dependency of Cholangiocarcinoma on Cyclin D-Dependent Kinase Activity. Hepatology (2019) 70(5):1614–30. 10.1002/hep.30704 49. Ursu S, Majid S, Garger C, de Semir D, Bezrookove V, Desprez PY, et al. Novel Tumor Suppressor Role of miRNA-876 in Cholangiocarcinoma. …

HMGB1 enhances chemotherapy resistance in multiple myeloma cells by activating the nuclear factor-κB pathway.

Chemotherapy resistance is a main obstacle in the clinical chemotherapeutic treatment of multiple myeloma (MM). High-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) has been revealed to be associated with the sensitivity of MM cells to chemotherapy, but how HMGB1 regulates chemotherapy resistance in MM has yet to be fully elucidated. In the present study, the exact molecular mechanism underlying HMGB1-mediated drug resistance in MM was explored using three chemotherapy-resistant MM cells (RPMI8226/ADR, RPMI8226/BOR and RPMI8226/DEX) that were successfully established. Reverse transcription-quantitative polymeras

Patient-Derived Organoids Can Guide Personalized-Therapies for Patients with Advanced Breast Cancer.

Most breast cancers at an advanced stage exhibit an aggressive nature, and there is a lack of effective anticancer options. Herein, the development of patient-derived organoids (PDOs) is described as a real-time platform to explore the feasibility of tailored treatment for refractory breast cancers. PDOs are successfully generated from breast cancer tissues, including heavily treated specimens. The microtubule-targeting drug-sensitive response signatures of PDOs predict improved distant relapse-free survival for invasive breast cancers treated with adjuvant chemotherapy. It is further demonstr

A Rare t(5;11)(q35;q13) Translocation in an Elderly Patient With Acute Myeloid Leukemia With Maturation: A Case Report.

The t(5;11)(q35;q13) reciprocal translocation is a rare chromosomal abnormality that can arise in myeloid neoplasms, mainly in children and younger adults. Here, we report a case of acute myeloid leukemia with maturation, involving an 85-year-old, in which the tumor cells harbored the t(5;11)(q35;q13) chromosomal abnormality. We also address the diagnostic and immunophenotypic characteristics of acute myeloid leukemia involving t(5;11)(q35;q13), along with a review of the literature.

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cancer: from mechanism to therapeutic implications.

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) act as critical secondary messengers in various intracellular signaling pathways that regulate cellular proliferation, differentiation, and survival under normal physiological conditions. However, dysregulation of redox signaling-driven by genetic mutations, epigenetic alterations, and posttranscriptional or posttranslational modifications-plays a central role in malignant transformation and cancer progression. Cancer cells typically exhibit elevated basal ROS levels due to increased metabolic activity, mitochondrial dysfunction, and oncogene activation. This mode

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… In the G1 phase, ROS promote G1/S transition via CDK2 oxidation/phosphorylation while inhibiting cyclin D–CDK4/6 through disulfide bond formation, reducing proliferation. … In the G1 phase, ROS-mediated oxidation/phosphorylation of cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2) promotes its activation, facilitating the G1/S transition. 65 Interestingly, Auranofin-induced H 2 O 2 inhibits cyclin D-CDK4/6 activity by inducing disulfide bond formation between CDK4 and cyclin D, reducing …

Intracellular Pathways and Mechanisms of Colored Secondary Metabolites in Cancer Therapy.

Despite the great advancements made in cancer treatment, there are still many unsatisfied aspects, such as the wide palette of side effects and the drug resistance. There is an obvious increasing scientific attention towards nature and what it can offer the human race. Natural products can be used to treat many diseases, of which some plant products are currently used to treat cancer. Plants produce secondary metabolites for their signaling mechanisms and natural defense. A variety of plant-derived products have shown promising anticancer properties in vitro and in vivo. Rather than recreating

A comparative analysis of transcriptomics of newly diagnosed multiple myeloma: exploring drug repurposing.

Multiple myeloma (MM) is an incurable malignant plasma cell disorder characterized by the infiltration of clonal plasma cells in the bone marrow compartment. Gene Expression Profiling (GEP) has emerged as a powerful investigation tool in modern myeloma research enabling the dissection of the molecular background of MM and allowing the identification of gene products that could potentially serve as targets for therapeutic intervention. In this study we investigated shared transcriptomic abnormalities across newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (NDMM) patient cohorts. In total, publicly available tr

Can Hemp Help? Low-THC Cannabis and Non-THC Cannabinoids for the Treatment of Cancer.

Cannabis has been used to relieve the symptoms of disease for thousands of years. However, social and political biases have limited effective interrogation of the potential benefits of cannabis and polarised public opinion. Further, the medicinal and clinical utility of cannabis is limited by the psychotropic side effects of ∆9-tetrahydrocannabinol (∆9-THC). Evidence is emerging for the therapeutic benefits of cannabis in the treatment of neurological and neurodegenerative diseases, with potential efficacy as an analgesic and antiemetic for the management of cancer-related pain and treatment-r

The role of LncRNA LBX2-AS1 in cancers: functions, mechanisms and potential clinical utility.

Increasingly advanced biology technique has revealed that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNA) as critical factors that exert significant regulatory effects on biological functions by modulating gene transcription, epigenetic modifications and protein translation. A newly emerging lncRNA, ladybird homeobox 2 (LBX2)-antisense RNA 1 (LBX2-AS1), was found to be highly expressed in various tumors. Moreover, it is functionally linked to the regulation of essential tumor-related biological processes, such as cell proliferation and apoptosis, through interactions with multiple signaling molecules/pathways.

Keyword Index for Volume 91

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… regression 923 COX-2 633 CpG island 707 CPT-11 482, 1205, 1434, 1442, 1447 C-reactive protein (CRP) 205, 699, 1063, 1236, 1755, 1993 cross-sectional 1575 CSF 219 CT scan 850 CTCF 1591 CTL 398, 817 cultural competence 62 cumulative incidence 1229 cure models 225 CXCR1 1970 CXCR2 1970 cyclin … D 1239 cyclin D1 153 cyclin E 1239 cyclo-oxygenase 1213 cyclooxygenase 1015 cyclooxygenase-2 359 cyclophosphamide 1466 CYFRA 21-1 873 CYP1A1 1380 CYP1B1 966, 1380 cystadenocarcinoma 2048 cytochrome P 450 333 cytokeratin 18 739 cytokeratin 5 739 cytokeratin-19 1813 cytokeratin-19 fragments …

The Polyphenols α-Mangostin and Nordihydroguaiaretic Acid Induce Oxidative Stress, Cell Cycle Arrest, and Apoptosis in a Cellular Model of Medulloblastoma.

Medulloblastoma is a common malignant brain tumor in the pediatric age. The current therapeutics present serious collateral effects. Polyphenols α-mangostin and nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA) exert potent antitumoral activity in different cancer models, although their antitumoral effects have not been described in medulloblastoma cells yet. This study aimed to examine the proapoptotic effects of these polyphenols on human medulloblastoma cells. Medulloblastoma cell line Daoy was incubated with increasing concentrations of α-mangostin or NDGA for 24 h. The cell viability was analyzed using cr

Targeted drug combination therapy design based on driver genes.

Targeted therapies against cancer types with more than one driver gene hold bright but elusive promise, since approved drugs are not available for all driver mutations and monotherapies often result in resistance. Targeting multiple driver genes in different pathways at the same time may provide an impact extensive enough to fight resistance. Our goal was to find synergistic drug combinations based on the availability of targeted drugs and their biological activity profiles and created an associated compound library based on driver gene-related protein targets. In this study, we would like to

Revolutionizing ovarian cancer therapy by drug repositioning for accelerated and cost-effective treatments.

Drug repositioning, the practice of identifying novel applications for existing drugs beyond their originally intended medical indications, stands as a transformative strategy revolutionizing pharmaceutical productivity. In contrast to conventional drug development approaches, this innovative method has proven to be exceptionally effective. This is particularly relevant for cancer therapy, where the demand for groundbreaking treatments continues to grow. This review focuses on drug repositioning for ovarian cancer treatment, showcasing a comprehensive exploration grounded in thorough in vitro

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… Ivermectin arrests cell cycle at G0-G1 phase by increasing the synthesis of p21, reducing proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), cyclin E, and cyclin D protein levels in breast cancer cell lines (MCF-7, MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-468) ( 163 ). …

Multifunctionality of Calebin A in inflammation, chronic diseases and cancer.

Chronic diseases including cancer have high case numbers as well as mortality rates. The efficient treatment of chronic diseases is a major ongoing medical challenge worldwide, because of their complexity and many inflammatory pathways such as JNK, p38/MAPK, MEK/ERK, JAK/STAT3, PI3K and NF-κB among others being implicated in their pathogenesis. Together with the versatility of chronic disease classical mono-target therapies are often insufficient. Therefore, the anti-inflammatory as well as anti-cancer capacities of polyphenols are currently investigated to complement and improve the effect of

A Narrative Review on the Antitumoral Effects of Selected Mediterranean Plant Products from Southern Italy.

Natural products are a valuable source of bioactive compounds with established roles in oncology. Their structural diversity and ability to target multiple cancer-related pathways make them promising candidates for anticancer drug development. Increasing preclinical and clinical data highlight their potential not only to exert direct antitumor effects but also to enhance patient tolerance to conventional therapies by reducing side effects and improving treatment adherence. The Mediterranean region, known for its biodiversity and traditional dietary habits, provides a rich array of natural comp

Множественная миелома с участием Лептоминге: исследование Three Расследования случаев диагностирования и лечения.

Участие центральной нервной системы (ЦНС) в многочисленных миеломах (ММ) является редким, но серьезным осложнением, которое создает значительные диагностические и терапевтические проблемы. Эта статья представляет three :: случаи участия лептомингелов в работе пациентов с MM, с уделением особого внимания различным клиническим представлениям, диагностическим подходам и применяемым методам лечения. Первый случай - 54-year-old Женщина, которая после первоначального лечения и аутологической трансплантации стволовых клеток развила болезнь CNS. Аналогичным образом a 73-year-old У самки развилось лепт

Second primary cancers following hematologic malignancies: Epidemiology, pathobiology and clinical management.

Second primary cancers (SPCs) pose an increasingly significant clinical challenge for survivors of hematologic malignancies, attributed to improved therapeutic outcomes and prolonged survival. The development of SPCs is influenced by a complex interplay of treatment-related factors, genetic susceptibility, immune dysregulation, and microenvironmental remodeling. This narrative review summarizes the epidemiological patterns of SPCs in survivors of hematologic malignancies and discusses the underlying biological mechanisms, including therapy-induced genomic instability, clonal hematopoiesis, inf

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… Protein labels shown near the cycle: CDK4/6 Cyclin D, CDK2 Cyclin E, CDK1 Cyclin B, p16 and p21. Arrow continues downward to Post-senescence neoplastic emergent cell. … Protein labels shown near the cycle: CDK4/6 Cyclin D, CDK2 Cyclin E, CDK1 Cyclin B, p16 and p21. Arrow continues downward to Post-senescence neoplastic emergent cell. …

MicroRNAs and Glucocorticoid-Induced Apoptosis in Lymphoid Malignancies.

The initial response of lymphoid malignancies to glucocorticoids (GCs) is a critical parameter predicting successful treatment. Although being known as a strong inducer of apoptosis in lymphoid cells for almost a century, the signaling pathways regulating the susceptibility of the cells to GCs are only partly revealed. There is still a need to develop clinical tests that can predict the outcome of GC therapy. In this paper, I discuss important parameters modulating the pro-apoptotic effects of GCs, with a specific emphasis on the microRNA world comprised of small players with big impacts. The

The Relationship Between Obesity and Cancer: Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, and the Effect of Obesity Treatment on Cancer.

There is growing evidence relating to the risk of cancer in people with obesity. Obesity is already established as one of the strongest predisposing factors to cancer, and 'obesity-related' cancers have been defined in previous studies. In this review article, we examine the epidemiological relationship and describe the potential pathophysiological mechanisms that underpin the association between obesity and cancer. These include hormonal and growth factors that are in abundance in persons living with obesity and thereby increase cancer risk. Additionally, the increased disposition towards chr