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Сложные связи между человеком и бактериями: связи между множественным склерозом и микробиомом человека.

Множественный склероз (MS) — хроническое иммунопосредованное заболевание центральной нервной системы, патогенез которого связан со сложным взаимодействием между генетической предрасположенностью, экологическими факторами и дисрегуляцией иммунной реакции. Этот обзор критически обобщает имеющиеся данные исследований, демонстрирующих значительные изменения в составе микробиома человека у отдельных лиц с MS. В ходе этой работы обобщается нынешнее состояние знаний о составе, разнообразии и дисбиозе кишечного микробиома в MS, при этом подчеркивается неоднородность наблюдаемых микробных изменений в з

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… In RRMS, a reduced abundance of key butyrate-producing taxa, including Eubacterium rectale and Ruminococcus , has also been documented. These reductions were associated with decreased expression of genes involved in short-chain fatty acid metabolism. …

Antiaging Strategies and Remedies: A Landscape of Research Progress and Promise.

Aging is typified by a gradual loss of physiological fitness and accumulation of cellular damage, leading to deteriorated functions and enhanced vulnerability to diseases. Antiaging research has a long history throughout civilization, with many efforts put forth to understand and prevent the effects of aging. Multiple strategies aiming to promote healthy aging and extend the lifespan have been developed including lifestyle adjustments, medical treatments, and social programs. A multitude of antiaging medicines and remedies have also been explored. Here, we use data from the CAS Content Collect

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… Longevity has been correlated to Firmicutes bacteria rearrangement and Proteobacteria enrichment and also a substantial decrease in Faecalibacterium prausnitzii and elevation of Eubacterium limosum levels within the gut microbiota. 180 Microbiota composition can be strongly modulated by certain factors … Longevity has been correlated to certain bacteria phyla alterations: Firmicutes rearrangement and Proteobacteria enrichment, decrease in Faecalibacterium prausnitzii , and elevation of Eubacterium limosum . 180 Furthermore, microbiota composition can be intensely modulated by activities and interventions …

The Gut-Bone Marrow Axis: Deciphering the Mechanistic Impact of Microbial Metabolites on Hematopoietic Homeostasis and Disorders.

The gut microbiota is increasingly recognized as a dynamic endocrine-like microbial network that exerts systemic effects far beyond the gastrointestinal tract. Emerging evidence supports the existence of a "gut-bone marrow axis" through which gut-derived signals orchestrate hematopoietic homeostasis. However, shifting from correlative observations to causal mechanisms remains a major challenge in defining precise microbial impacts on hematopoietic outcomes. In this review, we systematically synthesize current knowledge on the molecular mechanisms by which microbial products-specifically short-

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… The susceptibility to malignant plasma cell tumors is positively correlated with the relative abundance of Eubacterium rectale in the rectum [ 89 ], while an increased abundance of Clostridium leptum and Pseudomonas aeruginosa has been observed in the gut of MM patients. …

Integrative Hematology: State of the Art.

Blood cancers are a group of diseases with thus far frequently poor prognosis. Although many new drugs, including target therapies, have been developed in recent years, there is still a need to expand our therapeutic armamentarium to better deal with these diseases. Integrative hematology was conceived as a discipline that enriches the patient's therapeutic possibilities with the use of supplements, vitamins and a nutritional approach aiming at improving the response to therapies and the clinical outcome. We will analyze the substances that have proved most useful in preclinical and clinical s

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… In 2019 Planko et al. showed that patients with MM who obtained a negativity of minimal residual disease, an important target for increasing the patient’s PFS, had higher abundance in the stool of Eubacterium hallii, a butyrate-producing bacterium. …

Genetic architecture of multiple myeloma: From somatic alterations to germline susceptibility and clinical implications.

Multiple myeloma (MM) is best understood as a dynamically evolving genomic ecosystem shaped by inherited susceptibility, early oncogenic events, and continuous selective pressures. We propose an evolutionary genomics framework integrating germline risk, disease initiation, clonal diversification, and therapeutic adaptation into a unified model of MM biology. Polygenic risk burden, rare predisposing variants, and alterations in DNA repair and telomere pathways create a permissive background that influences precursor states and immune interactions. Primary cytogenetic events, particularly immuno

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… therapy [ [37] , [54] , [55] , [56] ] Microbiome and dysbiosis Significant association with MM risk, progression, and treatment response; supported by genetic and mechanistic data MR: taxa-specific effects (e.g., OR ∼1.7 risk-increasing; protective taxa identified); MRD-negativity associated with higher Eubacterium … [37] , [54] , [55] , [56] ] Microbiome and dysbiosis | Significant association with MM risk, progression, and treatment response; supported by genetic and mechanistic data | MR: taxa-specific effects (e.g., OR ∼1.7 risk-increasing; protective taxa identified); MRD-negativity associated with higher Eubacterium …

Производимые микробиотой иммунные регуляционные метаболиты желчных кислот контролируют автонепроницаемость центральной нервной системы.

Микробиота комменсового кишечника играет определенную роль в патогенезе внекишечных аутоиммунных заболеваний, таких как множественный склероз (MS) с неизвестными механизмами. Деоксихоловая кислота (DCA) и литохолическая кислота (LCA) представляют собой вторичные метаболиты желчных кислот (BAM), получаемые из первичных желчных кислот кишечными микробиотами, которые играют ключевые функции по регулированию иммунной системы путем поощрения дифференциации клеток FOXP3+, регулируемой Т (Treg), за счет клеток TH17. Здесь мы показываем, что бактерии, выделяющие ферменты, ответственные за вторичное пр

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… Different intestinal bacterial taxa from common genera such as Bacteroides , Eubacterium , and Clostridium release BSH that allows the deconjugation of taurine- and glycine-conjugated BAs. 15 At colonic level, unconjugated BAs are further modified by enteric commensals through different metabolic …

The Role of the Gut Microbiota in Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation.

Allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT) is an effective treatment for patients with high-risk hematologic malignancies. Over the last decade, gut microbiota composition during allo-HCT has been associated with patients' outcomes. Treatment-related factors, in particular the use of broad-spectrum antibiotics and the conditioning regimen, frequently induce gut dysbiosis, which is associated with immune dysregulation, toxicity, and adverse outcomes, particularly after allo-HCT. Microbial metabolites further modulate immune responses and therapeutic efficacy. Emerging microbiota-t

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… | Clostridia | Clostridiales aGVHD↓ [ 18 , 19 ]；non‐relapse mortality↓ [ 20 ]；OS↑ [ 17 ] | Lachnospiraceae prognosis↑ [ 2 ]；maintain GI integrity [ 30 ]; promote immune reconstitution [ 30 ] | Blautia aGVHD↓ [ 11 ], OS↑ [ 31 ], aGVHD‐related mortality↓ [ 31 ]; GI‐aGVHD↓ [ 32 ], bacteraemia↓ [ 32 ] Eubacterium …

Innovations in cancer treatment as novel potential and the myth of personalized vaccines, immunotherapy, CRISPR/Cas9, and bacteriotherapy as promising therapeutic strategies.

Recent advancements in cancer treatment, including targeted therapy, tailored vaccines, immunotherapy, and bacteriotherapy, have demonstrated remarkable potential in addressing various types of cancer. However, the pursuit of novel therapeutic strategies remains challenged by significant obstacles, including toxicity to healthy tissues, limited penetration into malignant tissues, and the potential for tumor cell resistance to pharmacological agents. This study explored the potential of tailored vaccinations, immunotherapy, CRISPR/Cas9, and bacteriotherapy for cancer treatment. Randomized and n

Trial Watch: combination of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) and immunotherapy.

The past decades witnessed the clinical employment of targeted therapies including but not limited to tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) that restrain a broad variety of pro-tumorigenic signals. TKIs can be categorized into (i) agents that directly target cancer cells, (ii) normalize angiogenesis or (iii) affect cells of the hematologic lineage. However, a clear distinction of TKIs based on this definition is limited by the fact that many TKIs designed to inhibit cancer cells have also effects on immune cells that are being discovered. Additionally, TKIs originally designed to target hematologi

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… In C57BL/6 intestines, there was an over-representation of the immunostimulatory Eubacterium siraeum , among other species shared by all three TKIs (such as Akkermansia muciniphila , especially for cabozantinib). …

Unlocking the Microbial Symphony: The Interplay of Human Microbiota in Cancer Immunotherapy Response.

IntroductionThe emergence of cancer immunotherapy has revolutionized cancer treatment, offering remarkable outcomes for patients across various malignancies. However, the heterogeneous response to immunotherapy underscores the necessity of understanding additional factors influencing treatment efficacy. Among these factors, the human microbiota has garnered significant attention for its potential role in modulating immune response. Body: This review explores the intricate relationship between the human microbiota and cancer immunotherapy, highlighting recent advances and potential mechanisms u

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… Interestingly, an exploratory analysis of the microbiome of Latino mRCC patients demonstrated a higher Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio and enrichment of Roseburia spp. and Eubacterium rectale , which are linked to favorable ICI outcomes, suggesting that further analysis is required to understand the full …

Current Advancement of Immunomodulatory Drugs as Potential Pharmacotherapies for Autoimmunity Based Neurological Diseases.

Dramatic advancement has been made in recent decades to understand the basis of autoimmunity-mediated neurological diseases. These diseases create a strong influence on the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS), leading to various clinical manifestations and numerous symptoms. Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the most prevalent autoimmune neurological disease while NMO spectrum disorder (NMOSD) is less common. Furthermore, evidence supports the presence of autoimmune mechanisms contributing to the pathogenesis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), which is a neurodeg

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… Fermentation is mostly mediated by Bifidobacterium , Eubacterium , Roseburia , Bacteroides , Lactobacillus , and Propionibacterium, which results in the production of metabolites including butyrate, acetate, and propionate short chain fatty acid (SCFAs) [ 185 ]. …

New Insights into the Relationship between Gut Microbiota and Radiotherapy for Cancer.

Cancer is the second most common cause of death among humans in the world, and the threat that it presents to human health is becoming more and more serious. The mechanisms of cancer development have not yet been fully elucidated, and new therapies are changing with each passing day. Evidence from the literature has validated the finding that the composition and modification of gut microbiota play an important role in the development of many different types of cancer. The results also demonstrate that there is a bidirectional interaction between the gut microbiota and radiotherapy treatments f

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… In recent years, some studies have found that compared with non-fatigue patients, the bacterial abundances of Eubacterium , Streptococcus , Adlercreutzia , and Actinomyces in fatigue patients after CRT increased significantly, and the abundances of the microbial sucrose degradation pathways also increased …

The role of tumor types in immune-related adverse events.

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are monoclonal antibodies that block inhibitors of T cell activation and function. With the widespread use of ICIs in cancer therapy, immune-related adverse events (irAEs) have gradually emerged as urgent clinical issues. Tumors not only exhibit high heterogeneity, and their response to ICIs varies, with "hot" tumors showing better anti-tumor effects but also a higher susceptibility to irAEs. The manifestation of irAEs displays a tumor-heterogeneous pattern, correlating with the tumor type in terms of the affected organs, incidence, median onset time, and se

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… Specifically, patients with larger tumors (≥ 5 cm) exhibited a significantly higher abundance of Eubacterium hallii (a member of Firmicutes) than those with smaller tumors (< 5 cm). …

The impact of the gut microbiome on tumor immunotherapy: from mechanism to application strategies.

Immunotherapy is one of the fastest developing areas in the field of oncology. Many immunological treatment strategies for refractory tumors have been approved and marketed. Nevertheless, much clinical and preclinical experimental evidence has shown that the efficacy of immunotherapy in tumor treatment varies markedly among individuals. The commensal microbiome mainly colonizes the intestinal lumen in humans, is affected by a variety of factors and exhibits individual variation. Moreover, the gut is considered the largest immune organ of the body due to its influence on the immune system. In t

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… muciniphila | Amuc (AKK outer membrane protein) activates antitumor immunity through the TLR2 signaling pathway | [ 131 ] CRC (AOM/DSS, MC38/CT26); Lewis lung cancer (LLC); melanoma (B16-F10) | With or without αPD-1 mAb | Clostridiales ( Ruminococcaceae , Lachnospiraceae ): Roseburia intestinalis ; Eubacterium …

Oroxylin A: A Promising Flavonoid for Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Diseases.

There have been magnificent advancements in the understanding of molecular mechanisms of chronic diseases over the past several years, but these diseases continue to be a considerable cause of death worldwide. Most of the approved medications available for the prevention and treatment of these diseases target only a single gene/protein/pathway and are known to cause severe side effects and are less effective than they are anticipated. Consequently, the development of finer therapeutics that outshine the existing ones is far-reaching. Natural compounds have enormous applications in curbing seve

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… OA increased the amount Eubacterium coprostanoligenes (a probiotic gut bacteria), thereby resulting in an anti-inflammatory effect [ 189 ]. …

Gut microbiota and microbial metabolites for osteoporosis.

Osteoporosis is an age-related bone metabolic disease. As an essential endocrine organ, the skeletal system is intricately connected with extraosseous organs. The crosstalk between bones and other organs supports this view. In recent years, the link between the gut microecology and bone metabolism has become an important research topic, both in preclinical studies and in clinical trials. Many studies have shown that skeletal changes are accompanied by changes in the composition and structure of the gut microbiota (GM). At the same time, natural or artificial interventions targeting the GM can

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… For example, C4 is derived mainly from Prausnitzii Faecalibacterium , Eubacterium , Halebacterium and Bromococcus . 236–238 The content and composition of SCFAs are affected by the type of plant fiber ingested, the residence time of plant fiber in the intestine, and the composition of the GM. …

The Impact of Human Microbiotas in Hematopoietic Stem Cell and Organ Transplantation.

The human microbiota heavily influences most vital aspects of human physiology including organ transplantation outcomes and transplant rejection risk. A variety of organ transplantation scenarios such as lung and heart transplantation as well as hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is heavily influenced by the human microbiotas. The human microbiota refers to a rich, diverse, and complex ecosystem of bacteria, fungi, archaea, helminths, protozoans, parasites, and viruses. Research accumulating over the past decade has established the existence of complex cross-species, cross-kingdom interac

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… In the same year, another study profiling the intestinal microbiota of 541 patients found similar associations in certain bacterial groups constituting the intestinal flora ( Eubacterium limosum , Anaerofustis stercorihominis , Pseudoramibacter alactolyticus , and Peptococcus niger ) and disease relapse …

Polyphenols as Antitumor Agents Targeting Key Players in Cancer-Driving Signaling Pathways.

Polyphenols constitute an important group of natural products that are traditionally associated with a wide range of bioactivities. These are usually found in low concentrations in natural products and are now available in nutraceuticals or dietary supplements. A group of polyphenols that include apigenin, quercetin, curcumin, resveratrol, EGCG, and kaempferol have been shown to regulate signaling pathways that are central for cancer development, progression, and metastasis. Here, we describe novel mechanistic insights on the effect of this group of polyphenols on key elements of the signaling

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… The gut microbiota involved in the biotransformation of polyphenols includes Eubacterium spp., Clostridium spp., Bifidobacterium spp., and Lactobacillus spp. ( Marín et al., 2015 ). …

Infectious Diseases

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… Forming aerobic — Bacillus anthrax, Bacillus cereus anaerobic — Clostridium perfringens, C. difficile, C. botulinum Non-Spore Forming aerobic, facultative, aerotolerant — Corynebacterium /diphtheroids, Lactobacillus, Listeria, Gardenerella, Nocardia anaerobic — Actinomyces, Propionibacterium, Eubacterium …

Регулирование на основе Virobiome микробиота-гут-мозговой оси сигнализирует и нейроиммунный гомеостаз.

Ось человеческого кишечника все чаще признается как сложная двунаправленная коммуникационная система, объединяющая микробные, нейронные, эндокринные и иммунные сети, формирующие неврологическое здоровье. Хотя бактериальный вклад в этот диалог получил широкую окраску, вирусный компонент кишечной экосистемы, виром, стал важным компонентом, связанным с физиологическим регулированием принимающей стороны. В этом обзоре обобщены данные, свидетельствующие о том, что бактериофаги и эукариотические вирусы могут способствовать микробному и иммунальному гомеостазу и оказывать влияние на сигнализацию вдол

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… Additionally, these same cohorts showed reduced abundance of butyrate-producing bacteria, such as Faecalibacterium prausnitzii and Eubacterium rectale , which are essential for maintaining intestinal barrier integrity and anti-inflammatory signaling (Fig. 8 ) [ 254 ]. …