Результаты поиска

Hormones, microbes, and PrEP drugs in the female genital tract.

INTRODUCTION: For HIV medications intended for HIV prevention, it is critical to achieve exposures in that will provide reliable protection to the FGT. The female genital tract (FGT) is a complex and heterogenous environment. AREAS COVERED: We reviewed what is known about drug transport and metabolism specific to female genital tissues. We performed a literature search using key words in PubMed and Google Scholar on articles published inclusive of August 2024. We then discuss the impact of sex steroid hormones and vaginal microbiome on the genital tract pharmacology of drugs used for PrEP. E…

Sex Hormones Associate With Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Risk and Survival.

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) risk differs by sex and age, implicating sex hormones as potential modifiers. This study examined plasma levels of biologically active sex hormones and their association with ALS odds and survival in cases (females n = 131, males n = 189) and controls (females n = 138, males n = 150) from the University of Michigan Pranger ALS Clinic. Higher 11-ketotestosterone levels were associated with increased ALS odds. In females, higher estrone, androstenedione, and 11-hydroxyandrostenedione were associated with increased ALS odds, while elevated estrone and estradiol…

Integrative control of plant sex determination: Genes, hormones, and environment.

Plant sex determination involves the integration of genetic networks, hormonal signaling and environmental cues. This review synthesizes cur … oting male) and ethylene (promoting female), mediated by regulators like DELLA and EIN3/EIN2. These hormones integrate endogenous balances and environmental signals to control downstream transcription factors and sex gene expression. Environmental factors such as light, temperature and nutrients can significantly modulate sex expression, often overriding g …

Modeling the interplay of sex hormones in cardiac hypertrophic signaling.

Biological sex plays a crucial role in the outcomes of cardiac health and therapies. Sex hormones are known to strongly influence cardiac remodeling through intracellular signaling pathways, yet their underlying mechanisms remain unclear. To address this need, we developed and validated a logic-based systems biology model of cardiomyocyte hypertrophy that, for the first time, incorporates the effects of both estradiol (E2) and testosterone (T) alongside well-established hypertrophic stimuli (Strain, angiotensin II (AngII), and endothelin-1 (ET-1)). We qualitatively validated the model to liter…

Сексуальные гормоны, кишечный микробиом и нейродегенеративные заболевания: перспектива жизни.

Ось кишечника представляет собой высокоинтегрированную коммуникационную сеть, соединяющую желудочно-кишечный тракт и центральную нервную систему с помощью нейронных, иммунных, эндокринных и метаболических путей. Гормоны стероидов, такие как эстрогены, индрогены и глюкокортикоиды, играют ключевую роль в модуляции этих взаимодействий на протяжении всей жизни. Эти гормоны влияют на состав микробиоты, проницаемость кишечника и нейроиммунной реакции, тем самым формируя функцию и поведение мозга. Появляющиеся данные указывают на корреляцию между перебоями в оси кишечника и возникновением и развитием

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
The gut-brain axis represents a highly integrated communication network, connecting the gastrointestinal tract and the central nervous system via neural, immune, endocrine, and metabolic pathways. Steroid hormones, such as estrogens, androgens, and glucocorticoids, play a pivotal role in modulating these interactions across the lifespan. These hormones influ…

Sexual Dimorphism in the Musculoskeletal System: Sex Hormones and Beyond.

Mounting evidence indicates that whereas some fundamental aspects of bone cell differentiation and function are similar in females and males … used for gender identification in forensic anthropology. Yet, most reports focus on the role of sex hormones, in particular, the consequences of estrogen deficiency with menopause in humans and in ovariectomized animal models. In addition, emerging data is starting to unveil the effects of gender-affirming hormonal therapy on the musculoskeletal system. We …

Exploring the Role of Metabolic Hormones in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis.

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a devastating neurodegenerative disease characterized by progressive loss of motor neurons. Emerging evidence suggests a potential link between metabolic dysregulation and ALS pathogenesis. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between metabolic hormones and disease progression in ALS patients. A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 44 ALS patients recruited from a tertiary care center. Serum levels of insulin, total amylin, C-peptide, active ghrelin, GIP (gastric inhibitory peptide), GLP-1 active (glucagon-like peptide-1), glucagon, P…

Sex Differences in Alcohol Use: Is It All About Hormones?

Risky alcohol use and alcohol use disorders (AUD) are a rising problem in women, yet a major disparity in our understanding of what drives alcohol consumption in women remains. Historically biomedical research has focused on male subjects; however, recent increases in reporting of females, have highlighted major differences between the sexes. Here we review the current literature of the effect of gonadal steroid hormones (estrogens, androgens, and progestins), neurosteriods, and neurobiological factors on alcohol use in clinical and preclinical studies of both sexes. Further, we briefly discus…

Gut-derived appetite regulating hormones across the anorexia nervosa spectrum.

BACKGROUND: Appetite-regulating hormones are implicated in anorexia nervosa (AN) pathophysiology, however, data are limited for appetite-regulating hormones across the AN weight spectrum. We aimed to investigate fasting and post-prandial concentrations of appetite-regulating hormones - peptide YY (PYY), cholecystokinin (CCK), and ghrelin - among adolescent and young adult females across the AN weight spectrum, specifically those with AN and Atypical AN, and healthy controls (HC). METHODS: Participants (N = 95; ages 11-22 years) included 33 with AN, 25 with Atypical AN, and 37 HC. AN was diffe…

Chronic intermittent hypoxia-induced hypertension: the impact of sex hormones.

Obstructive sleep apnea, a common form of sleep-disordered breathing, is characterized by intermittent cessations of breathing that reduce blood oxygen levels and contribute to the development of hypertension. Hypertension is a major complication of obstructive sleep apnea that elevates the risk of end-organ damage. Premenopausal women have a lower prevalence of obstructive sleep apnea and cardiovascular disease than men and postmenopausal women, suggesting that sex hormones play a role in the pathophysiology of sleep apnea-related hypertension. The lack of protection in men and postmenopausal…

Environmental contaminants, sex hormones and SHBG in an elderly population.

INTRODUCTION: Effects of environmental contaminants (ECs) on endocrine systems have been reported, but few studies assessed associations between ECs and sex hormones (SH) in elderly. Aim of this study was to investigate whether blood concentrations of four classes of ECs were associated with SH concentrations in elderly. METHODS: Samples from participants of the cross-sectional population-based Prospective Investigation of the Vasculature in Uppsala Seniors study (PIVUS, 70-year-old men and women, n = 1016) were analyzed using validated mass spectrometry-based methods for SH (testosterone (T)…

Association of hepatitis B virus and thyroid hormones during pregnancy.

This study aims to evaluate the correlation between serum thyroid hormone levels and hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA and HBV genotypes in pregna … se antibody (TPOAb), and thyroglobulin antibody (TGAb), were compared between the 2 groups. Thyroid hormones levels were also compared between HBV-DNA-positive and HBV-DNA-negative women in the HBV-infected pregnancy group, and to determine the correlation between thyroid hormones levels and HBV-DNA load and HBV genotype in HBV-DNA-positive pregnant women. …

Thyroid Hormones Regulate the Thermoregulatory Mechanisms of the Body: Review.

Thyroid hormones (TH) play a critical role in metabolism, energy balance and thermogenesis. The mechanisms whereby thyroid hormone increases heat production have been analyzed with emphasis in more recent developments. Thyroid hormone increases obligatory thermogenesis as a result of the stimulation of numerous metabolic pathways involved in the development, remodeling and delivery of energy to the tissues. In this section, alterations in primary hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism will be contrasted with the physiological characteristics of TH-dependent regulation in response to fasting and ex…

Gender-Specific Impact of Sex Hormones on the Immune System.

Sex hormones are key determinants of gender-related differences and regulate growth and development during puberty. They also exert a broad range modulation of immune cell functions, and a dichotomy exists in the immune response between the sexes. Both clinical and animal models have demonstrated that androgens, estrogens, and progestogens mediate many of the gender-specific differences in immune responses, from the susceptibility to infectious diseases to the prevalence of autoimmune disorders. Androgens and progestogens mainly promote immunosuppressive or immunomodulatory effects, whereas es…

Association between sex steroid hormones and subsequent hyperglycemia during pregnancy.

OBJECTIVE: Sex steroid hormones may play a role in insulin resistance and glucose dysregulation. However, evidence regarding associations between early-pregnancy sex steroid hormones and hyperglycemia during pregnancy is limited. The primary objective of this study was to assess the relationships between first trimester sex steroid hormones and the subsequent development of hyperglycemia during pregnancy; with secondary evaluation of sex steroid hormones levels in mid-late pregnancy, concurrent with and subsequent to diagnosis of gestational diabetes. METHODS: Retrospective analysis of a pros…

Gaps in the knowledge of thyroid hormones and placental biology†.

Thyroid hormones (THs) are required for the growth and development of the fetus, stimulating anabolism, and oxygen consumption from the early stages of pregnancy to the period of fetal differentiation close to delivery. Maternal changes in the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis are also well known. In contrast, several open questions remain regarding the relationships between the placenta and the maternal and fetal TH systems. The exact mechanism by which the placenta participates in regulating the TH concentration in the fetus and mother and the role of TH in the placenta are still poorly st…

Estropause, Sex Hormones and Metal Homeostasis in the Mouse Brain.

Alterations in brain metal ion homeostasis have been reported with aging and are implicated in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases. To assess whether age-related changes in hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) hormones might be involved in modulating brain metal ion homeostasis, we treated 7.5-month intact, sham-ovariecomized and ovariectomized C57B6SJL mice with vehicle or leuprolide acetate (for 9-months) to differentiate between whether sex steroids or gonadotropins might modulate brain metal ion concentrations. Unlike other aging mammals, there was no increase in plasma luteiniz…

[The role of sex hormones in the pathogenesis of melasma].

Facial melasma is a common, acquired, skin condition, which typically presents itself as symmetric hyperpigmentation. It is multifactorial, and hormonal influence is one of the most dominant aetiologies. This review investigates the link between sex hormones and facial melasma. Ten studies were identified, and they overall conclude, that oestrogens play a role in the pathogenesis of melasma in females but not in males. Progesterone, follicle-stimulating hormone and lutropin play no significant role in males or females, while testosterone possibly plays a role in males.

Vasopressin and Its Analogues: From Natural Hormones to Multitasking Peptides.

Human neurohormone vasopressin (AVP) is synthesized in overlapping regions in the hypothalamus. It is mainly known for its vasoconstricting abilities, and it is responsible for the regulation of plasma osmolality by maintaining fluid homeostasis. Over years, many attempts have been made to modify this hormone and find AVP analogues with different pharmacological profiles that could overcome its limitations. Non-peptide AVP analogues with low molecular weight presented good affinity to AVP receptors. Natural peptide counterparts, found in animals, are successfully applied as therapeutics; for i