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Experiences with implementation of continuous positive airway pressure for neonates and infants in low-resource settings: A scoping review.

BACKGROUND: Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) is the gold standard of care in providing non-invasive positive pressure support to neonates in respiratory distress in high-resource settings. While safety has been demonstrated in low-resource settings, there is a lack of knowledge on the barriers and facilitators to proper implementation. OBJECTIVE: To identify and describe the barriers, facilitators, and priorities for future implementation of CPAP for neonates and infants in low-resource settings. METHODS: A systematic search (database inception to March 6, 2020) was performed on ME

People with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and exercise behaviour: a scoping review using the CFIR framework.

BACKGROUND: Lack of exercise constitutes an independent predictor of mortality in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Despite a considerable number of intervention studies having been conducted to promote exercise behaviour among these patients, implementation outcomes remain poor, and little is known about the factors influencing intervention delivery. From an implementation science perspective, we analysed previous research on exercise behaviour in people with COPD, synthesising assessment indicators, evaluation tools, and the implementation-related facilitators and b…

Implementing the Personalised Exercise Rehabilitation in Cancer Survivorship (PERCS) Triage and Referral System in Ireland: Protocol for a Qualitative Stakeholder Study.

Background Exercise rehabilitation offers substantial benefits for people living with and beyond cancer, improving physical, psychological, … ting the PERCS system at a national level. By engaging with key stakeholders and using a structured implementation science approach, the findings will guide the development of practical, policy-relevant strategies to support the integration of exercise rehabilitation into survivorship care. The study will contribute to ongoing efforts to improve quality of life for canc …

Multidimensional Factors Influencing the Implementation of Early Mobilization in Critically Ill Patients From Healthcare Providers' Perspectives: A Systematic Review.

AIMS: This meta-synthesis of qualitative studies aimed to explore the experiences and perspectives of healthcare providers in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) setting regarding the implementation of early mobilization. DESIGN: A qualitative systematic review and meta-synthesis was conducted. The review protocol was registered with PROSPERO (CRD420251057721). DATA SOURCES: Six databases (PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, CINAHL, CNKI and Wanfang Data) were searched from inception to March 5, 2025. A total of 759 records were identified, and 34 studies met the eligibility criteria and were included

Implementation Determinants of Integrated Tuberculosis and Diabetes Care in South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) Countries: A Systematic Review.

BACKGROUND: Tuberculosis (TB) and diabetes mellitus (DM) represent a growing syndemic in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), particularly across South Asia. The bidirectional relationship between these diseases exacerbates health outcomes and increases system burdens. Although the World Health Organization has advocated for integrated management of TB and DM, implementation remains inconsistent across the SAARC region. This systematic review aims to identify and analyse implementation determinants of integrated TB and DM care in SAARC countries. METHODS: We conducted a systematic review

Getting to Implementation for HIV Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (GTI-PrEP): A data-driven approach to PrEP prescribing.

BACKGROUND: Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) dramatically reduces the likelihood of acquiring human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), yet it remains under-prescribed, particularly for people in communities with high HIV incidence. While implementation science and health services researchers aim to address disparities in care, few interventions have proven effective in doing so. We aimed to identify implementation strategies associated with higher PrEP prescribing rates and pilot test a tailored intervention as a proof-of-concept in a single Veterans Health Administration (VA) facility. METHODS: VA…

Pediatric ALL Treatment Modifications in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Systematic Review.

PURPOSE: For children with ALL in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), treatment regimen adaptation based on local contexts is often ne … f reported implementation outcomes represents a methodological gap in the literature. Incorporating implementation science methods and frameworks is critical for the timely and effective delivery of innovative treatment regimens across resource settings.

Tinkering with care: Implementing extended-release buprenorphine depot treatment for opioid dependence.

We examine how extended-release buprenorphine depot (BUP-XR) is put to use and made to work in implementation practices, attending to how care practices are challenged and adapted as a long-acting technology is introduced into service in opioid agonist treatment (OAT) in Australia. Our approach is informed by ideas in science and technology studies (STS) emphasising the irreducible entanglement of care practices and technology, and in particular the concept of 'tinkering' as a practice of adaptation. To make our analysis, we draw on qualitative interview accounts (n = 19) of service providers

Community-engaged implementation of a safety bundle for pregnancy-related severe hypertension in the outpatient setting: protocol for a type 3 hybrid study with a multiple baseline design.

BACKGROUND: Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy are among the leading causes of maternal mortality and morbidity in the U.S., with rates hig … determinants of implementation success. DISCUSSION: This study integrates community engagement and implementation science to promote equitable and timely response to severe HTN in the outpatient setting during pregnancy and postpartum. This is one of the first studies to implement an outpatient HTN Bundle and to use simulation as a strategy to reinforce team-based deli …

Mapping Implementation Strategies to Address Barriers to Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis Use Among Women Through POWER Up (Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis Optimization Among Women to Enhance Retention and Uptake): Content Analysis.

BACKGROUND: Black cisgender women (hereafter referred to as "women") experience one of the highest incidences of HIV among all populations i … views with medical providers and women at a federally qualified health center in Chicago, Illinois. Implementation science frameworks such as the CFIR were used to investigate determinants of PrEP use among Black women. In this secondary analysis, data from 45 total transcripts were analyzed. We identified barriers and facilitators to PrEP uptake and persistence among c …

AI in the diagnosis and management of gastric adenocarcinoma: A systematic review.

Gastric cancer (GC) has high mortality due to late diagnosis from nonspecific symptoms. Advances in diagnostics and artificial intelligence (AI) promise earlier detection through greater sensitivity and specificity. This study reviews literature, including meta-analyses and systematic reviews, on AI in gastric adenocarcinoma (GA). In December 2024, following PRISMA, we searched PubMed, Web of Science, and Cochrane. Seventeen of 228 articles met inclusion criteria, comparing AI with other diagnostic or therapeutic approaches. Findings indicate AI may enhance imaging, histological assessment, en

Simulation-Based Mastery Learning in Endoscopy: Bridging Expertise Science and Competency-Based Training.

Simulation-based Mastery Learning (SBML) offers a structured, evidence-based approach to endoscopy education, grounded in the science of expertise and deliberate practice. Unlike traditional apprenticeship models, SBML ensures that all trainees achieve predefined competency benchmarks through iterative simulation, expert feedback, and rigorous assessment. It improves technical skill acquisition, accelerates learning, and enhances patient safety. The approach has been widely adopted, including in resource-limited settings, via hybrid and remote models. This review explores SBML's theoretic foun

Integrating symptom science and precision health to enhance palliative care outcomes.

BACKGROUND: Precision health is transforming the landscape of palliative care by enabling more individualized approaches to symptom assessment and management. Symptoms remain the primary focus of palliative care; however, traditional approaches rely largely on subjective self-report and often fail to capture the biological mechanisms underlying symptom variability and clustering. OBJECTIVE: This paper examines how integrating symptom science with precision health approaches, including multi-omics, digital health technologies, and systems biology, can enhance symptom characterization and infor

Digital health implementation research across selected African countries: a bibliometric analysis of maternal health and infectious diseases with observations on precision medicine representation (2015-2025).

BACKGROUND: Digital health technologies are increasingly recognised as important tools for strengthening healthcare delivery across African health systems. Despite rapid growth in digital health innovation, the implementation-oriented research landscape remains fragmented, with limited synthesis of the field's thematic structure, collaboration patterns, and evolving research priorities. This study maps the intellectual structure and thematic evolution of implementation-focused digital health research across selected African countries (South Africa, Kenya, Uganda, Nigeria, Ethiopia, Ghana, Tanz

From Evidence to Action: Implementing Evidence-Based Interventions for Youth Substance Use Prevention Through Drug-Free Communities and CDC's ENGAGE Framework.

CONTEXT: Youth substance use continues to be a persistent public health concern in the United States, worsened by an evolving substance landscape that includes high-potency cannabis, nicotine vaping devices, and exposure to multiple substances. Although substantial evidence supports the effectiveness of evidence-based interventions (EBIs) for preventing youth substance use, many communities encounter difficulties in translating prevention science into coordinated and sustainable practices. PROGRAM: The Drug-Free Communities (DFC) Support Program provides critical infrastructure for coalition-

Does a blended learning implementation package enhance HIV index case testing in Malawi? A protocol for a cluster randomised controlled trial.

INTRODUCTION: Index case testing (ICT) is an evidence-based approach that efficiently identifies persons in need of HIV treatment and prevention services. In Malawi, delivery of ICT has faced challenges due to limited technical capacity of healthcare workers (HCWs) and clinical coordination. Digitisation of training and quality improvement processes presents an opportunity to address these challenges. We developed an implementation package that combines digital and face-to-face modalities (blended learning) to strengthen HCWs ICT skills and enhance quality improvement mechanisms. This cluster

A scoping review examining the integration of exercise services in clinical oncology settings.

BackgroundAddressing questions surrounding the feasibility of embedding exercise service units in clinical oncology settings is imperative for developing a sustainable exercise-oncology clinical pathway. We examined available literature and offered practical recommendations to support evidence-based practice, policymaking, and further investigations.MethodsFour thousand eight hundred sixty-three unique records identified in Embase, CINAHL, MEDLINE, Web of Science Core Collection, and ProQuest (Health and Medicine) were screened for studies that recruited cancer patients, assessed the co-locati

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… Implementation Science 2010 5:1. 2010 Sep 20 [Cited 2021 Jul 9];5(1):1–9. Available from: https://implementationscience.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1748-5908-5-69 21. AC T, E L, W Z, KK O, H C, D L, et al. PRISMA Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR): Checklist and Explanation. …

[Hypnosis in general medicine].

Organic pathologies with psychoaffective aetiology are numerous, and in all diseases, mental and rational elements are concomitant with the organic situation. Aware of the psycho-dynamic mechanisms he sets in motion by his actions and appreciating those underlying the symptomatology he has to deal with, the hypnologist transcends the overspecialisation of medical science to restore the patient's psycho-physical unitary reality. This explains both the possibilities of hypnositherapy in general medicine and its impassable limits. The hypnositherapy that the general practitioner can (and most imp

The challenge of adopting the health assessment when implementing antenatal and postnatal Group Care: identifying and understanding cross-country modifications and corresponding strategies to enable its adoption.

BACKGROUND: Antenatal and postnatal Group Care, based on the Centering Healthcare model, relies on three core components: health assessment, … ross-country design to identify transferable insights that inform future implementation efforts and implementation science.

A Mixed-Methods Reach, Effectiveness, Adoption, Implementation, and Maintenance (RE-AIM) Study of Implementation Outcomes of the Childhood Dysphagia Management Scale (CDMS): Part 1 of a CDMS Hybrid Effectiveness-Implementation Study.

PURPOSE: The Childhood Dysphagia Management Scale (CDMS) is a validated outcomes measure completed by evaluating therapists following instrumental swallow assessments to determine the level of follow-up care needed for children with dysphagia. We assessed the implementation outcomes of the CDMS to evaluate its readiness to be scaled out. METHOD: The Reach, Effectiveness, Adoption, Implementation, and Maintenance (RE-AIM) implementation science framework informed our explanatory sequential mixed-methods design. CDMS implementation outcomes were tested in a single tertiary-care children's hospi…