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Residents' experiences during a hydrogen sulfide crisis in Carson, California.

BACKGROUND: In early October 2021, thousands of residents in Carson, California began complaining of malodors and headaches. Hydrogen sulfid … rmation about the emergency, which resulted in feelings of abandonment. Most participants felt that local government and healthcare providers downplayed and/or disregarded their concerns despite ongoing odors and health symptoms. Participants described experiencing stress from the odors' unknown health effects and continued fear of future odor incidents. Residents …

An impact evaluation of two rounds of mass drug administration on the prevalence of active trachoma: A clustered cross sectional survey.

INTRODUCTION: We investigated the impact of two round of mass drug administration on trachoma prevalence in Plateau and Nasarawa States of N … st statistically significant reduction (96%) in follicular trachoma prevalence was observed in Doma Local Government Area of Nasarawa State from baseline prevalence of 13.6%, 95% CI [9.7, 17.5] to follow-up prevalence of 0.5%, 95% CI [0.0, 1.5] and the lowest reduction (58%) in follicular trachoma prevalence was observed in Langtang North Local Government Area of …

Individual and community factors contributing to anemia among women in rural Baja California, Mexico.

INTRODUCTION: Anemia is a public health concern among women in rural Baja California, Mexico. The purpose of this study was to identify the individual and community factors contributing to the disproportionately high prevalence of anemia among women in this region. METHODS: A cross-sectional study of 118 women (15-49 years) was performed in a rural colonia (small settlement) in Baja California, Mexico in 2012. Participants completed a survey comprised of demographic, socioeconomic, health, and dietary questions and provided a capillary blood sample. A portable HemoCue was used to measure hemo

Narrative review of current context of malaria and management strategies in Uganda (Part I).

In accordance with international targets, the Uganda National Malaria Control Strategic Plan established specific targets to be achieved by 2010. For children under five, this included increasing the number of children sleeping under mosquito nets and those receiving a first-line antimalarial to 85%, and decreasing case fatality to 2%. This narrative review offers contextual information relevant to malaria management in Uganda since the advent of artemisinin combination therapy (ACT) as first-line antimalarial treatment in 2004. A comprehensive search using key words and phrases was conducted

Updated preparedness and response framework for influenza pandemics.

The complexities of planning for and responding to the emergence of novel influenza viruses emphasize the need for systematic frameworks to describe the progression of the event; weigh the risk of emergence and potential public health impact; evaluate transmissibility, antiviral resistance, and severity; and make decisions about interventions. On the basis of experience from recent influenza responses, CDC has updated its framework to describe influenza pandemic progression using six intervals (two prepandemic and four pandemic intervals) and eight domains. This updated framework can be used f

Factors associated with the acceptance of mass drug administration for the elimination of lymphatic filariasis in Agusan del Sur, Philippines.

BACKGROUND: Mass drug administration (MDA) has been one of the strategies endorsed by the World Health Assembly for lymphatic filariasis (LF … d with MDA acceptance (p = 0.08). Health workers remain the front liners in the MDA implementation. Local government units were aware of LF and MDA, but support was insufficient. CONCLUSION: The proportion of the sampled population that received and ingested the antifilarial drugs was much lower than the reported coverage. The target coverage rate of 85% may be a …

Dynamics and mechanisms for tear breakup (TBU) on the ocular surface.

The human tear film is rapidly established after each blink, and is essential for clear vision and eye health. This paper reviews mathematical models and theories for the human tear film on the ocular surface, with an emphasis on localized flows where the tear film may fail. The models attempt to identify the important physical processes, and their parameters, governing the tear film in health and disease.

Ghana's path towards eliminating lymphatic filariasis.

Lymphatic filariasis, also known as elephantiasis, is a debilitating parasitic disease that has been prevalent in various parts of the world, including China and Ghana. This paper explores the historical context of lymphatic filariasis in Ghana and China, as well as the fights towards eliminating the disease in both countries. The review also covered the strategies employed by the Chinese government to eliminate lymphatic filariasis and the key lessons that Ghana can learn from China's success. The discussion highlights the importance of political commitment, multisectoral collaboration, tailo

Legal and Ethics Concerns of Psilocybin as Medicine.

Preliminary research shows the psychedelic psilocybin to be a promising potential treatment for psychiatric illnesses. Recent U.S. government legislation and policy indicate that access to psilocybin, which remains illegal on the federal level despite increasing efforts to decriminalize it at the state and local levels, will be expanded to enable further research into its treatment potential. It remains unclear how psilocybin will be regulated and who will have access to this new treatment, raising important legal and ethics questions psychiatrists must consider. This article reviews the curre

Systems for rapidly detecting and treating persons with ebola virus disease--United States.

The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS), CDC, other U.S. government agencies, the World Health Organization (WHO), and international partners are taking multiple steps to respond to the current Ebola virus disease (Ebola) outbreak in West Africa to reduce its toll there and to reduce the chances of international spread. At the same time, CDC and HHS are working to ensure that persons who have a risk factor for exposure to Ebola and who develop symptoms while in the United States are rapidly identified and isolated, and safely receive treatment. HHS and CDC have actively worked w

The 2008/2009 cholera outbreak in Harare, Zimbabwe: case of failure in urban environmental health and planning.

This paper reviews and reflects on the cholera outbreak that rocked Harare, Zimbabwe, in 2008/2009. We give special attention to the root ca … th sector. The paper concludes that sustainable urban health initiatives involving both central and local government will provide a long-term solution to the problems highlighted.

Sporadic cryptosporidiosis decline after membrane filtration of public water supplies, England, 1996-2002.

The incidence of sporadic cryptosporidiosis among 106,000 residents of 2 local government districts in northwest England before and after installation of membrane filtration of public water supplies was compared to that of 59,700 residents whose public water supplies remained unchanged. A national outbreak of foot and mouth disease in livestock during 2001 was associated with a decline in sporadic human cryptosporidiosis in all regions of the United Kingdom. In a Poisson regression model, membrane filtration was associated with an estimated 79% reduction (incidence ratio 0.207, 95% confidence …

A trichinosis outbreak in Iowa.

During December 1975 and January 1976, seventy-nine persons in Postville, Iowa, and nearby communities were infected with trichinosis by eating locally produced summer sausage made from a mixture of venison (provided by deer-hunting parties) and pork. More than 242 local residents and holiday visitors from five other states and Canada were exposed to the sausage, in which the venison was mixed in a 2:1 ratio with government-inspected and commercially obtained pork. Laboratory examinations of incriminated sausage samples showed one to 65 Trichinella larvae per 100 g and indicated that temperatu

Plague and local response in North China, 1900-28.

Breakthroughs in international biomedical science circa 1900 meant that plague could be contained through strict quarantine regulations. These measures were successfully deployed with help from local governments during outbreaks of pneumonic plague in Manchuria (1910-11), Shanxi (1918), and elsewhere in North China. This containment shows the effectiveness of uniting international knowledge and local cooperation in disaster response. Yet, in later outbreaks in similar locations, control measures identical to those instituted a decade earlier were rejected, and plague spread largely unchecked. …

Authentic participatory research with older adults for cognitive health (APROACH) in rural Botswana and urban Montreal: protocol for a pilot randomised controlled trial.

INTRODUCTION: Increasing numbers of older adults live with dementia especially in low- and middle-income countries. Most prevention relies o … holders convened by the Ministry of Health and the Social Development Department of the Ministry of Local Government and Traditional Affairs. In Montreal, we will disseminate the findings in research meetings and in other relevant fora. We will give oral and poster presentations about the study in relevant local, national and international academic conferences and …

Whose Knowledge Counts? Gendered Knowledge and Community-Based Pollinator Conservation in Semi-Arid Ghana.

Pollinator decline poses significant challenges for biodiversity conservation and the sustainability of smallholder agricultural systems. Addressing these challenges requires not only ecological interventions but also governance arrangements that shape whose knowledge and perspectives influence conservation decisions. This study examines how gendered power relations affect ecological knowledge, conservation practices, participation, and authority in Community Resource Management Area (CREMA) and non-CREMA communities in semi-arid northern Ghana. Guided by Feminist Political Ecology, the study

Improving transfusion access through improved policy: a call for a less fragmented blood supply.

INTRODUCTION: Fragmentation across operations, data systems, governance, and regulation leaves many blood supply networks ill-equipped to provide timely, equitable, and crisis-resilient transfusion support. Public health emergencies, such as COVID-19 and natural disasters, have exposed the human and economic costs of these structural flaws, and how variability in practice about who can see and share data still impedes coordination even when the overall blood inventory is adequate. AREAS COVERED: This Critical Perspective examines blood supply coordination challenges in high-income countries,

Community resiliency through recovery resource supply chain planning.

Information in this paper is the result of recommendations and remedies developed at 'Local Supply Chain Capacity in a Crisis Summit Exercise' held in Arlington, VA on 30th-31st January,2013. At the event, which was funded through the Regional Catastrophic Preparedness Grant Program, national private sector and not-for-profit essential resource provider experts in sectors such as transportation, communication systems, energy/power, financial resources, medical supplies and other vital supplies, together with emergency managers, discussed best practices, major challenges and exchanged remedy re

Оценка после классификации на основе отбора проб для обеспечения качества партии: внесение исправлений в сокращенные выборки с применением для оценки кампаний по вакцинации от полиомиелита.

ЦЕЛИ: Оценить погрешность, возникающую при игнорировании сокращения отбора проб для обеспечения качества лоты, представить беспристрастные оценки, рассмотреть воздействие группового отбора путем моделирования и применить наш метод к опубликованным данным иммунизации от полиомиелита из Нигерии. МЕТОДЫ: Мы представляем оценки охвата при использовании двух видов ограниченных стратегий LQAS: полуконтактные и сокращенные. Мы изучаем предлагаемые оценочные данные с использованием независимых и группированных данных с использованием трех опробованных на местах схем LQAS для оценки охвата вакцинацией

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
OBJECTIVES: To assess the bias incurred when curtailment of Lot Quality Assurance Sampling (LQAS) is ignored, to present unbiased estimators … rs. Lastly, we present estimates of polio vaccination coverage from previously published data in 20 local government authorities (LGAs) from five Nigerian states. RESULTS: Simulations illustrate substantial bias if one ignores the curtailed sampling design. Proposed estimators show no bias. Clustering does not affect the bias of these estimators. Across simulatio …

Operation Pied Piper: a geographical reappraisal of the impact of wartime evacuation on scarlet fever and diphtheria rates in England and Wales, 1939-1945.

This paper examines the geographical impact of the British Government's wartime evacuation scheme on notified rates of two common acute childhood diseases (scarlet fever and diphtheria) in the 1470 local government districts of England and Wales, 1939-1945. Drawing on the notifications of communicable diseases collated by the General Register Office (GRO), we establish pre-war (baseline) disease rates for the 1470 districts. For the war years, techniques of binary logistic regression analysis are used to assess the associations between (a) above-baseline ('raised') disease rates in evacuation,…