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Neurobehavioral characteristics of children with Duchenne muscular dystrophy.

This study investigated cognitive, metacognitive, and psychosocial aspects of neurobehavioral functioning in 22 boys with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) and 18 unaffected siblings, all between the ages of 6 and 16 years. Probands and siblings completed the Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence, as well as selected subtests from the Children's Memory Scale and from the Delis-Kaplan Executive Function System, while parents completed the Child Behavior Checklist and the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function. Compared to siblings, probands demonstrated relative weaknesses on both

Interventions to improve executive functions and self-awareness in the early phase post-traumatic brain injury: A systematic review.

BACKGROUND: Cognitive rehabilitation guidelines addressing executive function and self-awareness impairments post-traumatic brain injury (post-TBI) involve metacognitive-strategy interventions. However, studies informing these interventions were conducted predominantly in the chronic phase, potentially limiting their applicability to earlier phases. OBJECTIVE: To examine the effectiveness of cognitive interventions for improving executive function or self-awareness early post-TBI. METHODS: Psycinfo, Ovid Medline, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Cochrane, and Embase

Distinct self-regulation patterns differentiate runners by recent injury history and current injury status: A cross-sectional study of Australian runners.

OBJECTIVE: To examine self-regulation strategies, passion, and pain responses among runners with distinct injury recency profiles. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. SETTING: Online survey. PARTICIPANTS: 335 runners (50.5% male; median age 39 years, IQR 29-51). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Demands, resources, and recovery (DISQ-R Sport 1.2); metacognition (Self-Regulation of Sport Practice Survey); 12-month injury severity (OSTRC-H2); passion (Passion Scale); and pain responses (Pain Responses Scale). RESULTS: Participants were grouped into four profiles: currently (n = 85), recently (n = 115), pre…

Bridge to Success in Veterinary School: Evaluation of a Study Skills and Behavioral Strategies Course for Incoming Students.

Incoming veterinary students often face challenges adapting to rigorous professional curricula, which impact their academic performance as well as personal well-being. To address this, Iowa State University offered an optional asynchronous online summer course-Bridge to Success in Veterinary School-covering evidence-based learning techniques (spacing, retrieval practice, metacognition), discipline-specific skills (note-taking, exam preparation), and resilience behaviors (growth mind-set, time management, stress management). A mixed-methods evaluation incorporated a pre-course survey, a post-co…

Расхождения между субъективным и объективным пониманием у лиц с множественным склерозом: изучение роли потребления каннабиса.

КАННАБИС часто используется среди людей с множественным склерозом (pwMS). Предварительные исследования, проведенные среди населения государств-членов, выявили пагубные последствия потребления каннабиса для объективных показателей когнитивных показателей. AIM: Изучение связей между потреблением каннабиса, предполагаемыми когнитивными диспропорциями и расхождениями между саморегистрируемыми и оцененными когнитивными способностями. МЕТОДЫ: Объективные когнитивные характеристики и субъективные представления о когнитивном функционировании были проанализированы в ходе перекрестного исследования 847

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
BACKGROUND: Cannabis is frequently used among people with multiple sclerosis (pwMS). Prior research within the MS population revealed detrim … nction. CONCLUSION: These results provide first insights into the association of cannabis use with metacognition in pwMS. Clinicians and researcher should consider testing for cannabis use when assessing patients for cognitive impairments.

Differences between parent- and teacher-reported executive functioning behaviors after traumatic injuries.

Deficits in executive functioning (EF) behaviors are very common following pediatric traumatic brain injury (TBI) and can linger well after … EF. Teachers' ratings on the BRIEF were significantly higher than parent ratings for global EF and metacognition, but not for behavior regulation, regardless of injury type, indicating greater EF concerns. All BRIEF ratings, whether from teachers or parents, were higher for children with TBI than for those with OI. Results suggest that parents and teachers pro …

Effectiveness of brief group transdiagnostic therapy for emotional disorders in primary care: A randomized controlled trial identifying predictors of outcome.

AbstractBrief transdiagnostic psychotherapy is a possible approach for emotional disorders in primary care. The objective of the present ran … itive processes (p = .000 for cognitive reappraisal, expressive suppression, worry, rumination, and metacognition) with moderate/high effect sizes. Besides, it was found that these variables acted as predictors of the therapeutic change. It is concluded that brief therapies could be an accurate treatment for mild/moderate emotional disorders in primary care due …

Deactivation of anterior cingulate cortex during virtual social interaction in obsessive-compulsive disorder.

Studies about social functioning in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) are lacking, even though neuroimaging studies and metacognition evaluation results suggest abnormal neural responses during social interactions. This study examined neural responses of OCD patients during handshakes with a virtual avatar. Because of the nature of the handshaking task, we expected that OCD patients with predominantly contamination/washing symptoms (CON) would show different neural responses compared to healthy controls (HCs) and to disease-controlled (NCON) patients. Thirteen CON, 13 NCON, and 18 HC partici…

Individual susceptibility to TMS affirms the precuneal role in meta-memory upon recollection.

A recent virtual-lesion study using inhibitory repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) confirmed the causal behavioral relevance of the precuneus in the evaluation of one's own memory performance (aka mnemonic metacognition). This study's goal is to elucidate how these TMS-induced neuromodulatory effects might relate to the neural correlates and be modulated by individual anatomical profiles in relation to meta-memory. In a within-subjects design, we assessed the impact of 20-min rTMS over the precuneus, compared to the vertex, across three magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) neuro-pr…

Neuropsychological Findings in Hamamy Syndrome: A Clinical Case Report.

This study, reports for the first time, the neuropsychological profile of a child with Hamamy syndrome-a rare genetic disorder with only fiv … r coordination. Additionally, he showed clinically significant concerns with behavioral regulation, metacognition, attention-deficit, and hyperactivity/impulsivity. The patient was diagnosed with a DSM-V Language Disorder, Speech Sound Disorder, and Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, combined presentation, in the context of low-average intelligence. At f …

What do I look like? Perceptual confidence in bulimia nervosa.

Cognitive confidence, a type of metacognition referring to confidence in one's cognitive abilities (e.g., memory, perception, etc.), has been identified as relevant to eating disorders (EDs) using self-report measures. Repeated checking has been found to elicit decreases in perceptual confidence in obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD). The purpose of the present study was to experimentally investigate perceptual confidence, a type of cognitive confidence, in EDs. Specifically, this construct was investigated in the context of body checking, a behaviour with similarities to compulsive checking a…

The speech-language pathologist's role in supporting the development of self-regulation: A review and tutorial.

PURPOSE: Children's engagement in self-regulation is a strong and positive predictor of their social and academic success, making self-regul … therapeutic efforts, and to b) support children's development of skills (i.e. executive functions, metacognition) required to actively self-regulate. CONCLUSION: Given that children's ability to attain a state of regulation is integral to attending, engaging, and learning from their environment, the information provided in this tutorial can be used to inform …

Significance of the Feuerstein approach in neurocognitive rehabilitation.

BACKGROUND: The theory of Structural Cognitive Modifiability and Mediated Learning Experience of Reuven Feuerstein states that individuals with brain impairment, because of congenital or acquired origin, may substantially and structurally improve their cognitive functioning, by a systematic intervention based on a specific, criteria-based type of interaction ("mediated learning"). Three application systems are based on it: a dynamic-interactive assessment of learning capacity and processes of learning, the LPAD (Learning Propensity Assessment Device); a cognitive intervention program called "I

Negative effects of psychotherapy and their differential association with long-term outcome: an observational study of an intensive day treatment program for depression.

While most psychotherapy methods are about equally effective, it is unclear if (1) different methods of psychotherapy differ in the severity of negative effects, (2) negative effects impact outcome and (3) this impact is moderated by psychotherapy method. We analyzed data from an observational study of 141 patients from a day treatment program for depression. Based on shared decision-making, patients were treated with either Cognitive Behavioral Analysis System of Psychotherapy (CBASP) or Metacognitive Therapy (MCT). Negative effects were assessed with the Negative Effects Questionnaire (NEQ),

Better to keep a negative self-perception than ask for feedback? - How depressive symptoms are associated with the desire for social feedback.

BACKGROUND: We investigated whether depressive symptom severity is associated with incongruence between how people perceive themselves (self-perception) and how they expect others to perceive them (meta-perception). We also examined whether these discrepancies explain feedback-seeking. We hypothesized that elevated depressive symptoms are related to low preference for positive and self-incongruent feedback and high preference for negative and self-congruent feedback. METHOD: In study 1 (N = 149), we presented 20 positive and 20 negative traits. For each trait, participants rated their self- a

Feasibility of Augmenting Cognitive Strategy Training With Non-Invasive Brain Stimulation.

Many individuals post-stroke have difficulty identifying if or how they can continue performing meaningful daily life tasks. The objective of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of metacognitive strategy training (MCST) and transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) in chronic stroke. A case series design was used. Participants completed 12 intervention sessions over 4 weeks consisting of 20 min of tDCS and 45 min of MCST to address occupational performance goals. Feasibility outcomes of acceptability and safety/tolerability were evaluated and measures of occupational performance we

Checking behavior in rhesus monkeys is related to anxiety and frontal activity.

When facing doubt, humans can go back over a performed action in order to optimize subsequent performance. The present study aimed to establish and characterize physiological doubt and checking behavior in non-human primates (NHP). We trained two rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) in a newly designed "Check-or-Go" task that allows the animal to repeatedly check and change the availability of a reward before making the final decision towards obtaining that reward. By manipulating the ambiguity of a visual cue in which the reward status is embedded, we successfully modulated animal certainty and cr

Neurocognitive considerations in the treatment of attachment and complex trauma in children.

Accumulating evidence suggests that children suffering deprivation and maltreatment at critical times in their development often pay a cognitive toll. While children vary to the extent that neurocognitive domains are affected, those factors influence how children process, manage and understand traumatic and attachment experiences as well as how they respond to treatment. Current research on trauma and attachment favor some aspects of cognition over others. The literature discusses attention, memory, cognitive biases, internal working models, beliefs and attributions as ways that impact an indi

Relations between a ruminative thinking style and obsessive-compulsive symptoms in non-clinical samples.

There is tremendous interest in understanding the cognitive processes behind obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Whereas previous research on cognitive OCD models has focused on the dysfunctional content of obsessional thinking, processes and styles of thinking have not yet been investigated. The present study investigated the relationship between a ruminative response style and obsessive-compulsive (OC) symptomatology in two non-clinical samples. In Sample 1, 261 students completed the Ruminative Response Scale, the Padua-Inventory, Revised, and the Beck Depression Inventory. Tendency to rum

Attention, automaticity, and affective disorder.

This article reviews possible mechanisms for attentional bias in affective disorders and anxiety. Attentional bias is sometimes conceptualized as automatic in nature. However, there are methodological difficulties with studies purporting to demonstrate automaticity, and empirical and simulation evidence suggest that bias may be predominantly strategic. Bias in the voluntary control of attention may be driven by coping strategies, which in turn depend on appraisal of external demands, metacognitions of mental function, access of self-relevant knowledge in long-term memory, and self-focus of att…