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Antagonism of stress granules is key to SARS-CoV-2 infection and pathogenesis.

Viruses must subvert host responses to facilitate successful infection. While most antiviral responses are associated with interferons, stress granules (SGs) are another barrier to viral infection by inducing translation arrest. To combat SG activity, viruses have evolved mechanisms to disrupt formation and disassemble these complexes. Our prior studies identified residues in SARS-CoV-2 NSP3 (Y138/F145) and nucleocapsid (F17) that independently antagonize SG activity. Disrupting these key residues in NSP3 or nucleocapsid attenuated viral replication, but only modestly impacted in vivo pathogen…

Employment type and non-compliance with SARS-CoV-2 diagnostic testing: insights from a nationwide seroprevalence study in South Korea.

OBJECTIVES: To assess variations in compliance with SARS-CoV-2 diagnostic testing by examining the prevalence of unreported infections accor … completed both the socioeconomic survey and SARS-CoV-2 antibody testing and were reactive for anti-nucleocapsid (N) antibodies. PRIMARY OUTCOME MEASURES: The primary outcome was non-compliance with COVID-19 diagnostic testing, defined as the absence of a self-reported confirmed diagnosis among individuals who tested reactive for anti-SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid …

Longitudinal humoral and memory B-cell responses to repeated SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in long-term care facilities residents.

BACKGROUND: Long-term care facility (LTCF) residents represent one of the populations most vulnerable to SARS-CoV-2 infection and have exper … rast, individuals who did not receive the booster maintained lower but stable antibody levels. Anti-nucleocapsid seroconversion and clinically diagnosed intercurrent infections occurred at broadly comparable observed rates in boosted and non-boosted residents, suggesting a comparable incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection during follow-up. Regarding B-cell-mediated …

Genetic Variations in Bitter Taste Receptors and COVID-19 in the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging.

Background/Objectives: Bitter Taste Receptors (encoded by TAS2R genes) are expressed in mucosal and bronchial epithelia, as well as in immun … the COVID-19 Antibody Study (N = 8313), the rs2234235(G) variant in TAS2R1 was associated with anti-nucleocapsid (OR = 1.55; CI: 1.06, 2.20) and anti-spike response (OR = 0.74; CI: 0.57, 0.98); the rs2234010(A) variant in TAS2R5 was associated with anti-nucleocapsid (OR = 1.56; CI: 1.08, 2.19); and the rs34039200(A) variant in TAS2R62P was associated with anti …

T-Cell Interferon Gamma Responses to SARS-CoV-2 Following Infection with/Without Vaccination in a Tanzanian Population.

BACKGROUND: T-cell responses are crucial in SARS-CoV-2 immune-control; however, limited data exist from African populations. We assessed interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) release by T cells among Tanzanian adults (18-70 years) previously infected with or without SARS-CoV-2 vaccination, using the ELISpot assay. We also characterized background plasma IFN-γ levels in this population. METHODS: Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from 143 individuals, sampled 1-12 months post SARS-CoV-2 exposure, were stimulated with overlapping peptides spanning the Spike and Nucleocapsid proteins. T-cell response…

Vitamin D may influence disease course in PIMS-TS/MIS-C: An observational cohort study.

BACKGROUND: Pediatric multisystem inflammatory syndrome temporally associated with SARS-CoV-2 (PIMS-TS) remains an enigmatic disease process … arman r = -0.34, p = 0.030). Furthermore, low serum vitamin D correlated with lower SARS-CoV-2 anti-nucleocapsid titers (spearman r = 0.43, p = 0.0014). Children receiving IV methylprednisolone, 54/63 (85.7%) (of whom, 16/54 received IVIg and methylprednisolone) had a more rapid fall in CRP than those given IVIg alone (7/63; 11.1%) or no immunomodulatory treat …

SARS-CoV-2-specific CD8+ T cells from people with long COVID establish and maintain effector phenotype and key TCR signatures over 2 years.

Long COVID occurs in a small but important minority of patients following COVID-19, reducing quality of life and contributing to healthcare … g COVID. Using 13 SARS-CoV-2 peptide-HLA tetramers, spanning 11 HLA allotypes, as well as spike and nucleocapsid probes, we tracked SARS-CoV-2-specific CD8+ and CD4+ T cells and B-cells in individuals from their first SARS-CoV-2 infection through primary vaccination over 24 mo. The frequencies of ORF1a- and nucleocapsid-specific T cells and B cells remained st …

Maternal SARS-CoV-2, Placental Changes and Brain Injury in 2 Neonates.

Long-term neurodevelopmental sequelae are a potential concern in neonates following in utero exposure to severe acute respiratory syndrome c … antibodies and increased blood inflammatory markers. Placentas from both mothers showed SARS-CoV-2-nucleocapsid protein and spike glycoprotein 1 in the syncytiotrophoblast, fetal vascular malperfusion, and significantly increased inflammatory and oxidative stress markers pyrin domain containing 1 protein, macrophage inflammatory protein 1 βη, stromal cell-der …

Humoral immune responses associated with control of SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough infections in a vaccinated US military population.

BACKGROUND: COVID-19 vaccines have been critical for protection against severe disease following infection with severe acute respiratory syn … TI duration (PCR+ days) was 4 days and the interquartile range was 1-8 days. Participants that were nucleocapsid seropositive prior to their BTI had significantly higher levels of binding and functional antibodies to the spike protein, shorter median duration of infections, and lower median peak viral loads compared to seronegative participants. Furthermore, l …

Comparison of Levels of Nasal, Salivary, and Plasma Antibody to Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 During Natural Infection and After Vaccination.

BACKGROUND: Most studies of immunity to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) measure antibody or cellular responses in blood; however, the virus infects mucosal surfaces in the nose and conjunctivae and infectious virus is rarely if ever present in the blood. METHODS: We used luciferase immunoprecipitation assays to measure SARS-CoV-2 antibody levels in the plasma, nose, and saliva of infected persons and vaccine recipients. These assays measure antibody that can precipitate the SAR-CoV-2 spike and nucleocapsid proteins. RESULTS: Levels of plasma anti-spike antibody d…

Postvaccination Immunogenicity of BNT162b2 SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine and Its Predictors in Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease.

OBJECTIVES: We prospectively compared the postvaccination immunity to messenger ribonucleic acid BNT162b2 severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccine of our pediatric patients over 12 years old with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) to that of healthy controls and looked for predictors of its robustness. METHODS: Anti-receptor binding domain, anti-spike S2, and anti-nucleocapsid immunoglobin-G (IgG) and immunoglobin-A levels were measured in 139 pediatric patients with IBD [65 fully vaccinated (2 doses), median age 16.3, interquartile range (IQR) 15.2-17.8 years, media…

Comparison of immune activation of the COVID vaccines: ChAdOx1, BNT162b2, mRNA-1273, BBIBP-CorV, and Gam-COVID-Vac from serological human samples in Hungary showed higher protection after mRNA-based immunization.

OBJECTIVE: To gain insight into the different protective mechanisms of approved vaccines, this study focuses on the comparison of humoral an … ontrols were recovered patients from COVID-19 (unvaccinated). Specific quantification kits for anti-nucleocapsid IgG, anti-Spike protein IgG, neutralizing antibodies as well as specific SARS-CoV-2 antigens for T-cell activation were used and Spearman correlation and matrix analyses were performed to compare overall immune responses. RESULTS: Nucleocapsid anti …

Быстрое и конкретное обнаружение всех известных вирусов Нипах последовательности с обратной транскрипцией - Loop-Mediad Isotermal Application.

Нипахский вирус (НиВ) является зоонотическим вирусом и может передаваться через зараженную пищу или непосредственно между людьми. NiV классифицируется как агент уровня 4 по биобезопасности не только из-за относительно высокой смертности, но и из-за отсутствия вакцины или других медицинских контрмер, которые, как представляется, передаются фомитами/партизанами. Разработка методов быстрого обнаружения для NiV имеет большое значение, поскольку в настоящее время отсутствуют эффективные полевые испытания. В этом исследовании был разработан метод обратной транскрипции (65 °C) с использованием изотер

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Nipah virus (NiV) is a zoonotic virus and can be transmitted through contaminated food or directly between people. NiV is classified as a Bi … transcription-loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) method was developed, targeting the nucleocapsid protein (N) gene, for the rapid detection of NiV, and was compared with conventional RT-PCR. Three pseudoviruses of NiV N gene representing all known strains were constructed to replace live NiV. A set of RT-LAMP primers, targeting a highly conserve …

Assembly and entry mechanisms of Semliki Forest virus.

The alphavirus Semliki Forest (SFV) is an enveloped virus with a positive single-stranded RNA genome. The genome is complexed with 240 copies of a capsid protein into a nucleocapsid structure. In the membrane the virus carries an equal number of copies of a membrane protein heterodimer. The latter oligomers are grouped into clusters of three. These structures form the spikes of the virus and carry its entry functions, that is receptor binding and membrane fusion activity. The membrane protein heterodimer is synthesized as a p62E1 precursor protein which upon transport to the cell surface is cl…

Aging Diminishes Mucociliary Clearance of the Lung.

The clinical and laboratory findings of subacute thyroiditis have been repeatedly reported as being associated with acute Sars-Cov-2 infection and post-COVID-19 syndrome. The exact mechanisms and histopathological correlations underlying thyroid involvement remained unresolved, but current insights suggest either direct viral damage, systemic inflammatory reaction, or an autoimmune response as possible noxious effectors. Here we present findings of immunohistochemical/immunofluorescence detection of Sars-Cov-2 viral proteins (spike/S and nucleocapside proteins) in relation to histoarchitectoni…

Protein synthesis in Rift Valley fever virus-infected cells.

Rift Valley fever virus-induced protein synthesis was examined by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and fluorography. Five virus-induced polypeptides were detected, the nucleocapsid protein N, the nucleus-associated nonstructural protein NS1, the glycoproteins G1 and G2, and a protein of molecular weight 80K. The N, G1, G2, and 80K proteins were present in virion preparations. Sequential studies showed that NS1 accumulated in the nucleus as soon as it was formed and readily associated with nuclei partitioned from noninfected cells. The G1 and G2 proteins labelled with [3H]glucosamine and [3H]…

Excluded Volume and Weak Interactions in Crowded Solutions Modulate Conformations and RNA Binding of an Intrinsically Disordered Tail.

The cellular milieu is a solution crowded with a significant concentration of different components (proteins, nucleic acids, metabolites, etc.). Such a crowded environment affects protein conformations, dynamics, and interactions. Intrinsically disordered proteins and regions are particularly sensitive to these effects. Here, we investigate the impact on an intrinsically disordered tail that flanks a folded domain, the N-terminal domain, and the RNA-binding domain of the SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein. We mimic the crowded environment of the cell using polyethylene glycol (PEG) and study its …

Newborn IgG and IgM antibodies to maternal SARS-CoV-2 infection in pregnancy and child neurodevelopmental outcomes.

Maternal immune activation is a hypothesized mechanism by which prenatal exposure to infection adversely impacts fetal brain development. SARS-CoV-2 IgG class antibodies generated to viral proteins in pregnancy are transferred across the placenta to the newborn. This study aimed to investigate the association between neonatal levels of IgG antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid and spike proteins and risk of neurodevelopmental disorders (ND) among children with gestational SARS-CoV-2 exposure. Using a longitudinal prospective cohort design within an integrated healthcare system with a diverse p…

Assessment of Maternal and Neonatal SARS-CoV-2 Viral Load, Transplacental Antibody Transfer, and Placental Pathology in Pregnancies During the COVID-19 Pandemic.

IMPORTANCE: Biological data are lacking with respect to risk of vertical transmission and mechanisms of fetoplacental protection in maternal … in whom SARS-CoV-2 antibodies were quantified in cord blood, 1 had detectable immunoglobuilin M to nucleocapsid. Among 88 placentas tested, SARS-CoV-2 RNA was not detected in any. In antibody analyses among 37 women with SARS-CoV-2 infection, anti-receptor binding domain immunoglobin G was detected in 24 women (65%) and anti-nucleocapsid was detected in 26 wo …

Critical appraisal of: "expression of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein in cerebral arteries: implications for hemorrhagic stroke post-mRNA vaccination".

This correspondence offers a critical appraisal of the study by Ota et al. on the expression of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein in cerebral arteries following mRNA vaccination. While the original study contributes to understanding potential neurological sequelae post-vaccination, we identify several methodological limitations. Chief concerns include the absence of a control group, reliance on negative nucleocapsid staining to exclude prior infection, a small and unbalanced sample size, lack of lesionspecific tissue analysis, and unconfirmed RNA detection techniques. These issues collectively undermin…