Результаты поиска

Intensive Care Unit-Like Care of Nonhuman Primates with Ebola Virus Disease.

BACKGROUND: Ebola virus disease (EVD) supportive care strategies are largely guided by retrospective observational research. This study investigated the effect of EVD supportive care algorithms on duration of survival in a controlled nonhuman primate (NHP) model. METHODS: Fourteen rhesus macaques were challenged intramuscularly with a target dose of Ebola virus (1000 plaque-forming units; Kikwit). NHPs were allocated to intensive care unit (ICU)-like algorithms (n = 7), intravenous fluids plus levofloxacin (n = 2), or a control group (n = 5). The primary outcome measure was duration of surviv

Bacterial Infections in Humans and Nonhuman Primates from Africa: Expanding the Knowledge.

The close phylogenetic relationship between humans and other primates creates exceptionally high potential for pathogen exchange. The surveillance of pathogens in primates plays an important role in anticipating possible outbreaks. In this study, we conducted a molecular investigation of pathogenic bacteria in feces from African nonhuman primates (NHPs). We also investigated the pathogens shared by the human population and gorillas living in the same territory in the Republic of Congo. In total, 93% of NHPs (n=176) and 95% (n=38) of humans were found to carry at least one bacterium. Non-pallid…

Molecular prevalence and subtypes of Blastocystis sp. in primates in northern China.

Blastocystis sp. is a common enteric protist that colonizes humans and a wide range of animals. Although some studies have reported incidences of Blastocystis sp. in humans and animals in China, there are limited data available concerning the prevalence among people and non-human primates. The aims of the present study were to determine the prevalence, subtype distribution and genetic characteristics of Blastocystis sp. in primates, and to investigate the potential for zoonotic transmission between human and non-human primates. A total of 185 faecal samples from non-human primates and 1,118 sa…

NIR-II fluorescence microscopic imaging of cortical vasculature in non-human primates.

Vasculature architecture of the brain can provide revealing information about mental and neurological function and disease. Fluorescence imaging in the second near-infrared (NIR-II) regime with less light scattering is a more promising method for detecting cortical vessels than traditional visible and NIR-I modes. Methods: Clinically approved dye indocyanine green (ICG) was used for NIR-II fluorescence imaging. Here, for the first time, we developed two NIR-II fluorescence microscopy systems for brain vasculature imaging in macaque monkeys. The first is a wide-field microscope with high tempor

Proteome array of antibody responses to Chlamydia trachomatis infection in nonhuman primates.

AIMS: Nonhuman primates have been used to investigate pathogenic mechanisms and evaluate immune responses following Chlamydia trachomatis inoculation. This study aimed to systemically profile antibody responses to C. trachomatis infection in nonhuman primates. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sera were obtained from 4 pig-tailed and 8 long-tailed macaques which were intravaginally or ocularly infected with live C. trachomatis organisms, and analyzed by C. trachomatis proteome array of antigens. KEY FINDINGS: The sera from 12 macaques recognized total 172 C. trachomatis antigens. While 84 antigens were…

Behavioural responses to a photovoltaic subretinal prosthesis implanted in non-human primates.

Retinal dystrophies and age-related macular degeneration related to photoreceptor degeneration can cause blindness. In blind patients, although the electrical activation of the residual retinal circuit can provide useful artificial visual perception, the resolutions of current retinal prostheses have been limited either by large electrodes or small numbers of pixels. Here we report the evaluation, in three awake non-human primates, of a previously reported near-infrared-light-sensitive photovoltaic subretinal prosthesis. We show that multipixel stimulation of the prosthesis within radiation sa…

Post-exposure immunotherapy for two ebolaviruses and Marburg virus in nonhuman primates.

The 2013-2016 Ebola virus (EBOV) disease epidemic demonstrated the grave consequences of filovirus epidemics in the absence of effective therapeutics. Besides EBOV, two additional ebolaviruses, Sudan (SUDV) and Bundibugyo (BDBV) viruses, as well as multiple variants of Marburg virus (MARV), have also caused high fatality epidemics. Current experimental EBOV monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are ineffective against SUDV, BDBV, or MARV. Here, we report that a cocktail of two broadly neutralizing ebolavirus mAbs, FVM04 and CA45, protects nonhuman primates (NHPs) against EBOV and SUDV infection when de…

Serological evidence of Zika virus infection in non-human primates in Zambia.

Zika virus (ZIKV) circulation occurs between non-human primates (NHPs) in a sylvatic transmission cycle. To investigate evidence of flavivirus infection in NHPs in Zambia, we performed a plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT) to quantify neutralizing antibodies. PRNT revealed that sera from NHPs (African green monkeys and baboons) exhibited neutralizing activity against ZIKV (34.4%; 33/96), whereas a PRNT for yellow fever virus using NHP sera showed no neutralization activity. ZIKV genomic RNA was not detected in splenic tissues from NHPs, suggesting that the presence of anti-ZIKV neutral…

Tropical rainforest flies carrying pathogens form stable associations with social nonhuman primates.

Living in groups provides benefits but also incurs costs such as attracting disease vectors. For example, synanthropic flies associate with human settlements, and higher fly densities increase pathogen transmission. We investigated whether such associations also exist in highly mobile nonhuman primate (NHP) Groups. We studied flies in a group of wild sooty mangabeys (Cercocebus atys atys) and three communities of wild chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes verus) in Taï National Park, Côte d'Ivoire. We observed markedly higher fly densities within both mangabey and chimpanzee groups. Using a mark-recapt

Plasma Derived Exosomal Biomarkers of Exposure to Ionizing Radiation in Nonhuman Primates.

Exposure to ionizing radiation induces a cascade of molecular events that ultimately impact endogenous metabolism. Qualitative and quantitative characterization of metabolomic profiles is a pragmatic approach to studying the risks of radiation exposure since it provides a phenotypic readout. Studies were conducted in irradiated nonhuman primates (NHP) to investigate metabolic changes in plasma and plasma-derived exosomes. Specifically, rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) were exposed to cobalt-60 gamma-radiation and plasma samples were collected prior to and after exposure to 5.8 Gy or 6.5 Gy rad…

Discovery of a CLN7 model of Batten disease in non-human primates.

We have identified a natural Japanese macaque model of the childhood neurodegenerative disorder neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis, commonly known as Batten Disease, caused by a homozygous frameshift mutation in the CLN7 gene (CLN7-/-). Affected macaques display progressive neurological deficits including visual impairment, tremor, incoordination, ataxia and impaired balance. Imaging, functional and pathological studies revealed that CLN7-/- macaques have reduced retinal thickness and retinal function early in disease, followed by profound cerebral and cerebellar atrophy that progresses over a fiv

Evolution of DNAase I Hypersensitive Sites in MHC Regulatory Regions of Primates.

It has been challenging to determine the disease-causing variant(s) for most major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-associated diseases. How … himpanzee genomes since their evolutionary divergence. We compared alignments of the DHS across six primates and found 149 DHSs with convincing evidence of positive and/or purifying selection. Of these DHSs, compared to neutral sequences, 24 evolved rapidly in the human lineage. We identified 15 instances of transcription-factor-binding motif gains, such a …

Исследования нечеловеческих приматов: ключевые источники данных о зоонозах и микробиоте.

Генетические и морфологические сходства между приматами и людьми означают, что много информации, полученной от приматов, может быть применено к людям и наоборот. Однако утрата среды обитания, охота и постоянное присутствие людей оказывают негативное воздействие на биологию и поведение почти всех нечеловеческих приматов. Неинвазивные методы, такие, как сбор стула, являются одними из наиболее безопасных альтернативных способов изучения многочисленных аспектов биологии приматов. Многие эпидемологические проблемы (например, обнаружение патогенов, микробиотические исследования) могут быть легко изу

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
The genetic and morphologic similarities between primates and humans means that much information obtained from primates may be applied to humans, and vice versa. However, habitat loss, hunting and the continued presence of humans have a negative effect on the biology and behaviour of almost all nonhuman primates. Noninvasive methods such as stool collection …

Microglial depletion and activation: A [11C]PBR28 PET study in nonhuman primates.

BACKGROUND: The 18-kDa translocator protein (TSPO) is an important target for assessing neuroimmune function in brain with positron-emission tomography (PET) imaging. The goal of this work was to assess two [11C]PBR28 imaging paradigms for measuring dynamic microglia changes in Macaca mulatta. METHODS: Dynamic [11C]PBR28 PET imaging data with arterial blood sampling were acquired to quantify TSPO levels as [11C]PBR28 V T. Scans were acquired at three timepoints: baseline, immediately post-drug, and prolonged post-drug. RESULTS: In one animal, a colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor kinase inh

Successful desensitization with proteasome inhibition and costimulation blockade in sensitized nonhuman primates.

The detrimental effects of donor-directed antibodies in sensitized transplant patients remain a difficult immunologic barrier to successful organ transplantation. Antibody removal is often followed by rebound. Proteasome inhibitors (PIs) deplete antibody-producing plasma cells (PCs) but have shown marginal benefit for desensitization. In an allosensitized nonhuman primate (NHP) model, we observed increased germinal center (GC) formation after PI monotherapy, suggesting a compensatory PC repopulation mediated via GC activation. Here we show that costimulation blockade (CoB) targets GC follicula

Modeling Variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease and Its Pathogenesis in Non-human Primates.

In the early 90s', Europe was shaken by the fear that the prions from "mad cow disease" (bovine spongiform encephalopathy) would transmit the disease to humans via beef products. In 1996, the first variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob (vCJD) patients were described, and the same year our Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE) transmission studies to cynomolgus macaques demonstrated that the BSE prion was highly infectious for primates, inducing brain lesions identical to those observed in vCJD patients. These studies provided the first experimental evidence that vCJD was BSE in humans. Subsequent studies…

Antimicrobial Use for and Resistance of Zoonotic Bacteria Recovered from Nonhuman Primates.

As a growing threat to human and animal health, antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has become a central public-health topic. Largescale surveillance systems, such as the National Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring System (NARMS), are now established to monitor and provide guidance regarding AMR, but comprehensive literature on AMR among NHP is sparse. This study provides data regarding current antimicrobial use strategies and the prevalence of AMR in zoonotic bacteria recovered from NHP within biomedical research institutions. We focused on 4 enteric bacteria: Shigella flexneri, Yersinia enteroco

Divided Zygomatic Bone in Primates With Implications of Skull Morphology and Biomechanics.

Typically the zygoma is a single bone in the facial skeleton whose shape uniquely copes with loads associated with mastication. Rarely but naturally, the zygoma is divided into two or more parts by supernumerary sutures. These extra intrazygomatic sutures are located at an area of critical morphological and biomechanical importance, yet their impacts have not been studied. In this study, the morphological and possible biomechanical consequences of the divided zygoma (DZ) were investigated in primates including rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta), orangutans (Pongo abelii and P. pygmaeus), and mod…

Morphological and functional maturation of Leydig cells: from rodent models to primates.

BACKGROUND: Leydig cells (LC) are the sites of testicular androgen production. Development of LC occurs in the testes of most mammalian species as two distinct growth phases, i.e. as fetal and pubertal/adult populations. In primates there are indications of a third neonatal growth phase. LC androgen production begins in embryonic life and is crucial for the intrauterine masculinization of the male fetal genital tract and brain, and continues until birth after which it rapidly declines. A short post-natal phase of LC activity in primates (including human) termed 'mini-puberty' precedes the peri…