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Correlation between brain injury and dysphagia in adult patients with stroke.

The therapy for multiple sclerosis (MS) has changed dramatically over the past decade. Recent immunobiological findings and current pathophy … ery;adhesion and penetration of T cells into the CNS;local activation and proliferation and;de- and remyelination processes can be targeted through their putative mediators. Like a 'specificity pyramid', therapeutic approaches therefore cover from general immunosuppression up to specific targeting of T-cell receptor peptide major histocompatibility (MHC) comple …

Glatiramer Acetate for the Treatment of Multiple Sclerosis: From First-Generation Therapy to Elucidation of Immunomodulation and Repair.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory demyelinating and neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system (CNS), with a pu … latory effect, GA promotes neuroprotective repair processes such as neurotrophic factors secretion, remyelination, and neurogenesis. This review aims to provide an overview of MS pathology diagnosis and treatment as well as the diverse mechanism of action of GA. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Understanding the complex MS immune pathogenesis provided multiple targets f …

Characteristics of olfactory ensheathing cells and microarray analysis in Tupaia belangeri (Wagner, 1841).

Tree shrews are most closely related to the primates and so possess a number of advantages in experimental studies; they have been used as an animal model in bacterial and virus infection, cancer, endocrine system disease, and certain nervous system diseases. Their olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs) are able to release several cytokines to promote neuronal survival, regeneration and remyelination. The present study used western blot analysis to identify antibody specificity in protein extracts from whole tree shrew brains to identify the specificity of p75 nerve growth factor receptor (NGFR) d…

Уничтожение слоя сетчатого нервно-паралитического волокна: отчет о деле.

За повреждением ламина криброза может последовать аберрация слоя сетчатки волокна сетчатки (RNFL). Такие случаи могут дать представление о том, как рост миелина влияет на визуальный потенциал (ВЭП), который является ключевым результатом испытаний на воспроизводство. ЦЕЛЬ: Мы представляем случай миелионного RNFL у пациента с повторно излучающимся множественным склерозом (RRMS) с сопровождающей электрофизиологией. МЕТОДЫ: В визуальных оценках использовались фотоаппарат VisionSearch Plus, Heidelberg Spectralis оптическая согласованность и Topcon Fundus. Результаты: Визуальный потенциал полного по

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
BACKGROUND: Aberrant myelination of the retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL) can follow lamina cribrosa damage. Such cases may provide insight into how increased myelin affects the visual evoked potential (VEP), a key outcome in remyelination trials. OBJECTIVE: We present the case of a myelinated RNFL in a patient with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RR…

В настоящем и будущем моноклональной антителной терапии для множественных склерозов.

Множественный склероз (MS) — хроническое аутоиммунное заболевание центральной нервной системы, характеризующееся воспалением, обезвоживанием и нейродегенерацией. Прогресс в понимании MS иммунопатогенеза привел к разработке моноклонных антител (MAB), которые нацелены на ключевые иммунные пути, обеспечивая весьма избирательные и эффективные варианты лечения. Утвержденные МВБ, в том числе против CD20, CD25, CD52 и α4-integrin, продемонстрировали высокую эффективность в деле сокращения числа рецидивов, пресечения деятельности МРТ и, в некоторой степени, замедления развития инвалидности. Тем времен

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune disease of the central nervous system characterized by inflammation, demyelination, and neur … owing disability progression. Meanwhile, emerging agents aim to modulate neuroinflammation, promote remyelination, and improve safety profiles. This review summarizes the mechanisms of action, clinical efficacy, safety, and future perspectives of MAB therapies in MS, highlighting lessons from discontinued agents and opportunities for next‑generation therapeutic …

Cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis: clinical, electrophysiological and nerve biopsy findings, and response to treatment with chenodeoxycholic acid.

A 30-year-old patient with cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis was studied over a 6-year period. The clinical manifestations were cataracts, intellectual deterioration, ataxia, palatal and pharyngeal myoclonus, corticospinal tract damage and an electrophysiologically demonstrated sensorimotor peripheral neuropathy. Peripheral motor and sensory nerve conduction velocity was slowed. Sural nerve biopsy revealed reduced densities of both myelinated and unmyelinated axons and teased fibres showed evidence of axonal regeneration and some remyelination. The loss of myelinated nerve fibres particularly aff…

Imaging myelin content changes: A bridge between tissue and clinics.

The development of remyelinating therapies is becoming an increasingly important strategy in the treatment of diseases such as multiple sclerosis. In this context, reliable measurement of myelin content is essential for the objective assessment of therapeutic efficacy. Over the past two decades, quantitative MRI has emerged as a method of choice for this purpose, supported by several postmortem validation studies that combine MRI with histology, the latter serving as the reference standard. In this review, we summarize the most relevant quantitative MRI contrasts sensitive to myelin changes an

Demyelinating peripheral neuropathy with Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease and mutation at codon 200 of the prion protein gene.

We performed a study of the distribution of PrP27-30, the proteinase-K-resistant form of prion protein, in the central and peripheral nervou … not detect PrP27-30 in the peripheral nervous system where lesions consisted of demyelination, and remyelination that predominated in the proximal nerve trunks and roots.

Multifocal demyelinating neuropathy with persistent conduction block.

We describe five patients with a chronic asymmetric sensorimotor neuropathy most pronounced in the upper extremities with focal involvement of individual nerves. Diagnosis was established by electrophysiologic evidence of persistent multifocal conduction block. Sural nerve biopsy in three patients showed primarily demyelinating-remyelinating changes with varying degrees of fiber loss. Two patients had acute optic neuritis, indicating that the disorder was not always restricted to the peripheral nervous system. Two patients treated with corticosteroids improved, whereas three untreated patients

T1 Over Squared Proton Density Ratio to Characterize Multiple Sclerosis Lesions.

OBJECTIVE: Differentiating remyelinated from demyelinated lesions in MS remains challenging without histological confirmation. This study in … n contrast, hypointense lesions may reflect tissue changes associated with repair processes such as remyelination.

Regulation of CNS Lipids by Protease Activated Receptor 1.

Disruptions in the metabolism of cholesterol and other lipids are strongly implicated in the pathogenesis of neurological disease. The CNS i … tion factors, as well as HMGCS1, a rate-limiting enzyme in cholesterol biosynthesis, to glia during remyelination post-lysolecithin or cuprizone-mediated demyelination showed a prominent regulatory role for PAR1 in Olig2+ oligodendrocytes. PAR1 knockouts also demonstrated elevated levels of SREBP2 in more mature GST3+ oligodendrocytes and SREBP1 in GFAP+ astroc …

Sural nerve defects after nerve biopsy or nerve transfer as a sensory regeneration model for peripheral nerve conduit implantation.

Nerve repair after injury can be effectively accomplished by direct suture approximation of the proximal and distal segments. This is more s … c conduit. A number of experimental studies, primarily in rodents, indicate axonal regeneration and remyelination after implantation of various conduits. However, only limited clinical studies with conduit implantation have been performed in acute peripheral nerve injuries particularly on digital nerves. Clinical transfer of animal studies, which can be careful …

Deletion of Calcineurin in Schwann Cells Does Not Affect Developmental Myelination, But Reduces Autophagy and Delays Myelin Clearance after Peripheral Nerve Injury.

In the PNS, myelination occurs postnatally when Schwann cells (SCs) contact axons. Axonal factors, such as Neuregulin-1 Type III, trigger pr … y. Efficient clearance of myelin after injury by Schwann cells is important for axonal regrowth and remyelination, which is one reason why the PNS is significantly better at recovery compared with the CNS. Improved understanding of myelin clearance allows for the identification of pathways that are potentially accessible to increase myelin clearance and improve …

CXCL12 Gene Therapy Ameliorates Ischemia-Induced White Matter Injury in Mouse Brain.

UNLABELLED: Remyelination is an important repair process after ischemic stroke-induced white matter injury. It often fails because of the insufficient recruitment of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) to the demyelinated site or the inefficient differentiation of OPCs to oligodendrocytes. We investigated whether CXCL12 gene therapy promoted remyelination after middle cerebral artery occlusion in adult mice. The results showed that CXCL12 gene therapy at 1 week after ischemia could protect myelin sheath integrity in the perifocal region, increase the number of platelet-derived growth facto…

A new player in the game: identification of C1ql1 as a novel factor driving OPC differentiation.

Oligodendrocytes (OLGs) are the myelin-producing cells in the central nervous system (CNS). Following injury, these cells are prone to death … downstream factors could be therapeutic targets in the context of demyelinating disorders in which remyelination fails, such as in multiple sclerosis (MS).

Therapeutic effects of diosgenin in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune demyelinating disease of the central nervous system. Currently, there is no drug available to cure this kind of disease. Diosgenin is a plant-derived steroid saponin. A previous study in our lab revealed that diosgenin can promote oligodendrocyte progenitor cell differentiation and accelerate remyelination. In the present study, we found that diosgenin dose-dependently alleviated the progression of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis with reduced central nervous system inflammation and demyelination. We also found that diosgenin treatment c…

Persistent increased threshold of electrical stimulation selective to motor nerve in multifocal motor neuropathy.

In multifocal motor neuropathy (MMN) the threshold of electrical stimulation showed a persistent, marked increase for the motor nerve which decreased after treatment with intravenous immunoglobulin or oral cyclophosphamide; whereas, the threshold was normal for the sensory nerve. This discrepancy of the thresholds for motor and sensory nerves indicates that the increased threshold for motor nerve is not caused by change in perineural capacitance, such as subperi- and endoneural edema or perineural thickening. Inching studies showed that the site of the elevated motor nerve threshold was closel

Neurophysiological study in chronic GM2 gangliosidosis (hexosaminidase A and B deficiency), with motor neuron disease phenotype.

We report the electrophysiological investigation of two adult cases with GM 2 gangliosidosis with hexosaminidase A and B deficiency. Superfi … fibers, especially of those with the largest diameter, with no signs of segmental demyelination, or remyelination. A tentative interpretation of our findings is given.

Can We Design a Nogo Receptor-Dependent Cellular Therapy to Target MS?

The current landscape of therapeutics designed to treat multiple sclerosis (MS) and its pathological sequelae is saturated with drugs that m … ate axonal transport deficits, further demyelination, and extant axonal dystrophy, thereby limiting remyelination. If specific therapeutic regimes could be devised to directly clear the Nogo-A-enriched myelin debris in an expedited manner, it may provide the necessary CNS environment for neurorepair to become a clinical reality. The current review outlines nove …

An integrated multi-layer 3D-fabrication of PDA/RGD coated graphene loaded PCL nanoscaffold for peripheral nerve restoration.

As a conductive nanomaterial, graphene has huge potentials in nerve function restoration by promoting electrical signal transduction and met … tly improve neural expression both in vitro and in vivo. It promotes successful axonal regrowth and remyelination after peripheral nerve injury. These findings implicate that graphene-based nanotechnology have great potentials in peripheral nerve restoration in preclinical and clinical application.